1. The college newspaper charges by character for ads.

Letters, numbers, spaces, and

punctuation count as one character. They charge $34 for the first 100 characters, and
$0.09 for each additional character. If x represents the number of characters, express the cost
c(x) of an ad as a piecewise function. C(x)={34 if 0<=tox<=to100
34+0.09(x-100) if x>100
 For the first 100 characters, the cost is a flat rate of $34
 Each additional character beyond 100, the cost is $34 plus $0.09 for each extra character

2. The Classic Car Monthly charges $49 for a three-line ad. Each additional line costs
$9.50. For an extra $30, the seller can include a photo. How much would a five-line ad with a photo cost?
 The base cost for a three-line ad is $49
 Each additional line costs $9.50. You want a five-line ad, so that is two extra lines:
$9.50*2=$19
 Adding a photo cost $30
Now add it all up: $49 (base cost), + $19 (additional lines) + $30 (photo)= $98
The five-line ad with a photo would cost $98

3. The straight-line depreciation equation for a car is y = -2,400x + 36,000. a. What

is the original price of the car? The original price of the car is the value of y when
x=0. Original price is $36,000
b. How much value does the car lose per year? The car loses $2,400 in value per year as indicated by the
coefficient of x in the equation.
c. How many years will it take for the car to totally depreciate? Need to set y=0 amd solve for x:
 0 = -2,400x + 36,000
 2,400x = 36,000
 X = 36,000 / 2,400
 X = 15
It will take 15 years to totally depriciate

4. A cars’ original value is $43,500. It takes 12 years for this car to totally depreciate. a. Write
the straight-line depreciation equation for this situation.
 Annual Depreciation = Original Value / Number of Years
 43,500 / 12 = 3,625
 Straight line depreciation equation is:
 Y = -3,625x + 43,500

b. How long will it take for the car to be worth one quarter of its original
price? Need to set y to one quarter of $43,500.
 Y= 43,500/4 = 10,875
 10,875 = -3,625x + 43,500
 -3,625x = 10,875 – 43,500
 -3,625x = -32,625
 X = 32,625/3,625
 X = 9 years to be worth ¼ of its original price.

c. How long will it take for the car to be worth $20,000? Set y to 20, 000 and solve for x
  20,000 = -3,625x + 43,500
 -3,625x = 20,000 – 43,500
 -3,625x = -23,500
 X = 23,500/3,625
 X = 6.48 years to be worth $20,000
5. Prices for used stainless steel side trim for a 1957 Chevrolet convertible are $350,
$ 350, $390, $400, $500, $500, $500, $600, $650, $725, $800, $850, $900, and
$1,700. The prices vary depending on the condition.

a. Find the mean of the trim prices to the nearest dollar. Sum all of the prices and divide by the number
of prices listed.
 350 + 350 + 390 + 400 + 500 + 500 + 500 + 600 + 650 + 725 + 800 + 850 + 900 + 1700=9,215
 9,215/14=6.58
b. Find the median of the trim prices. This is the middle number in the list that is ordered from smallest to
largest. In this instance there are 14 numbers so the median will be the average of the middle two
values which are 500 and 600.
 500 + 600/2 = 550 (this is the median price
c. Find the mode of the trim prices. This is the value that appears most often, which in this case is $500
d. Find the four quartiles of this data. Divide the data into four equal parts
 Q1(First Quartile) the median of the first half of the data: 350,250,390, 400, 500, 500, 500. The
median of this subset is $400
 Q2 (Second Quartile) is the median of the entire data set, which we already found to be $550
 Q3 (Third Quartile) this is the median of the second half of the data 600,650,725, 800, 850, 900,
and 1700.
 The median of this subset is $800
The quartiles are Q1 = $400, Q2 = $550, and Q3 = $800
e. Find the interquartile range for this data. The IQR is the difference between the first and and third
quartiles.
 IQR = Q3 – Q1 = 800 – 400 = $400
f. Find the boundary for the lower outliers. Are there any lower outliers? Lower Boundary = Q1 – 1.5 *
IQR = 400 – 1.5 x 400 = 400 – 600 = -200. Since all prices are above -$200 there are no lower outliers.
g. Find the boundary for the upper outliers. Are there any upper outliers? Upper Boundary = Q3 + 1.5 x
IQR = 800 + 1.5 x 400 = 800 + 600 = 1,400. Since $1,700 is above $1,400 it is an upper outlier. The
upper outlier is $1,700

6. Grahams Ville High School recently polled its teachers to see how many
miles they drive to work each day. At the left is a stem-and- leaf plot of the
results.
a. How many teachers were polled? 24 (all the numbers in set)
b. Find the mean to the nearest mile. Sum all of the numbers and divide by
The number of teachers.
 1+1+8+9+9+2+3+3+4+6+6+7+7+8+4+1+2+5+5+5+9+89+9+
 1,000/24 = 41.67
c. Find the median. The middle value in a list ordered from smallest to largest. There are 24 values, the
median will be the average of the 12th and 13th values.
 37 + 37 / 2 = 37
The median is 37 miles.
d. Find the mode(s). This is the value that appears the most often and in this case 9, 20, 36, 37, 55, 59, and 62
 which appear twice. So, this is the mode for this data set.
e. Find the range. The range is the difference between the highest and lowest values.
 Range = 62 – 1 = 61
f. Find the four quartiles. Divide data into four equal parts
 Q1 (First Quartile) is the median of the first half of the data: 1,1,8,9,9,20,20,23,34,36,36,37. The
median of the subset is 20
 Q2 (Second Quartile) the median of the entire data set, which we already found was 37.
 Q3 (Third Quartile) this is the median of the second half of the data:
37,38,40,41,42,55,55,56,58,59,59,61,62,62. The median is 55.
g. What percent of the teachers travel more than 38 miles to work?
Count the number of teachers that travel more than 38 miles and then divide by the total number of
teachers and multiply by 100.
 There are 10 teachers that travel more than 38 miles
 Perecnt = 10 / 24 x 100 = 41.67% approx. 42% travel more than 38 miles to work.
h. Find the interquartile range. The IQR is the difference between the third and first quartiles
 IQR = Q3 – Q1 = 55 – 20 = 35 miles
1. What percentage of the teachers travel from 38 to 57 miles to work?
Count the number of teachers traveling between 38 and 57 miles and then divide that number by the
total number of teachers and then multiply by 100.
There are 10 teachers traveling more than 38 miles

 Percent = 7/24 x 100 = 29.17% so approx. 29% of the teachers travel from 38 to 57 miles to work.

7. Stewart has $25,000 worth of property damage insurance and a $1,000 deductible collision
insurance policy. He crashed into a fence when his brakes failed and did $7,000 worth of damage
to the fence. The crash caused $3,600 in damage to his car.
a. Which insurance covers the damage to the fence? The property damage insurance
b. How much will the insurance company pay for the fence?
$7,000 because it is within the $25,000 coverage limit.
c. Stewart's car still was drivable after the accident. On the way home from the accident, he hit
an empty school bus and did $20,000 worth of damage to the bus and $2,100 worth of damage to
his car. How much will the insurance company pay for this damage to the bus?
The full amount of $20,000 because it is within the $25,000 coverage limit.
d. Which insurance covers the damage to Stewart's car? The collision insurance
e. How much will the insurance company pay for the damage to the car?
For the first accident, the damage to the car is $3600. There is a $1,000 deductible and the insurance company will
pay $3,600 - $1,000 = $2,600.
For the second accident the damage to the car is $2,100 and since the deductible is already met the insurance
company will pay the full amount of $2,100.
So, the total amount the insurance company will pay for the damage to the car is $2,600 + $2,100 = $4,700
8. Gina has 250/500/50 liability insurance and $50,000 PIP insurance. She changes lanes too
quickly, hits the metal guard rail, and then hits a tour bus. Four people are seriously hurt and sue
her. Twenty others have minor injuries. Gina's boyfriend, who was in her car, was also hurt.
a.The guard rail will cost $2,000 to replace. Gina also did $9,700 worth of damage to the bus.
What insurance will cover this, and how much will the company pay? The liability insurance
covers the damage to the guard rail and the bus. Liability insurance has a limit of $50,000. The
total damage to the rail and the bus is $2,000 + $9,700 = $11,700. They will pay the full amount
of $11,700 as it is within the $50,000 limit.
b. The bus driver severed his hand and cannot drive a bus again. He is suing for $2,500,000 and is
awarded $1,750,000 in court. What type of insurance covers this? How much will the insurance
 company pay? The liability insurance covers the bus driver’s lawsuit. Gina’s bodily injury limit of
$250,000 per person and $500,000 per accident. The bus driver was awarded $1,750,000, the
insurance will pay the maximum limit of $250,000 and Gina will be responsible for the remaining
$1,500,000.
c. The bus driver (from part b) had medical bills totaling $90,000 from an operation after the
accident. What type of insurance covers this, and how much will the insurance company pay?
The liability pays the medical bills. The insurance will pay limit of $250,000 per person. Since the bills
only total $90,000 the insurance will be paying the full amount.
d. Gina's boyfriend is hurt and requires $19,000 worth of medical attention. What
insurance covers this, and how much will the company pay?
The (PIP) or Personal Injury Protection insurance covers the boyfriend’s medical expenses.
The PIP has a limit of $50,000 and since they total $19,000 the insurance company will pay
the full amount of $19,000.

9. Joshua just purchased a 4-year-old car for $12,000. He was told that this makes, and model
depreciates exponentially at a rate of 5.8% per year. What was the original price to the nearest
hundred dollars?
 P = A/(1-r)^2
 P is the original price
 A is the current price ($12,000)
 R is the annual depreciation rate (5.8% or 0.058)
 T is the number of years
 P = 12,000/(1-0.058)^2
 P = 12,000 / (0.942)^2
 P = 12,000/0.788
 P = 15.228
Original price was approximately $15,200.

10. Jonathan's car gets approximately 25 miles per gallon. He is planning a 980-mile trip. How
many gallons of gas will his car use for the trip? At an average price of $4.00 per gallon, how
much should Jonathan expect to spend on gas? Round to the nearest ten dollars.

To find out how many gallons the car will use divide the total miles by the miles per gallon.
 Gal of gas = 980 / 25 mpg = 39.2 gallons
To find out how much he should expect to spend on gas we multiply the number of gallons by the
price per gallon.
 Cost = 39.2 gallons x $4.00 per gallon = $156.80 which when rounded it is approx. $160

11. Ann's car gets about 12 kilometers per liter of gas. She is planning a 2,100-kilometer trip. To
the nearest liter, how many liters of gas should Ann plan to buy? At an average price of $1.49
per liter, how much should Ann expect to spend on gas?

 Divide the total kilometers by the km per liter

 Liters of gas = 2,100 / 12 km per liter = 175 liters
 To find out how much will spend on gas multiply the number of liters by the price per liter.
 Cost = 175 liters x $1.49 per liter = $260.75 which when rounded becomes $261

12. Max is driving 42 miles per hour. A dog runs into the street and Max reacts in about three-
quarters of a second. What is his approximate reaction distance?
Reaction Distance = Speed x Reaction Time
 Convert speed from miles per hour to feet per second. There are 5280 feet in a mile and 3600
seconds in an hour.
 Speed in feet per second = 42 mph x 5280 / 3600 seconds per hour = 61.6 feet per second
 Now calculate the distance
 Reaction Distance = 61.6 feet per second x 0.75 = 46.2 feet

13. Tricia is driving 64 miles per hour on an interstate highway. She must make a quick stop
because there is an emergency vehicle ahead.
 a. What is her approximate reaction distance? Convert from mph to feet per second
 64 mph x 5280 feet per mile / 3600 seconds per hour = 93.87 feet per second
 Assuming her reaction time is about 1.5 seconds we would then take
 Reaction Distance = 93.87 feet per second x 1.5 seconds = 140.8 feet
 Approximate reaction distance is 141 feet
b. What is her approximate braking distance? A common formula for braking distance is
 Braking distance = Speed^2 / 20
 Use speed in mph
 Braking distance = 64^2 / 20 = 4096 / 20 = 204.8 when rounded is 205 ft
c. About how many feet does the car travel from the time she starts to
switch pedals until the car has completely stopped? This is the sum of
the reaction distance and the braking distance
 Total stopping distance = reaction distance + braking distance = 141
feet + 205 feet = 346 feet

14. Marlena is driving on an interstate at 65 km/h. She sees a traffic jam about 30 meters
ahead and needs to bring her car to a complete stop before she reaches that point. Her reaction
time is approximately ¾ of a second. Is she far enough away from the traffic jam to safely bring the
car to a complete stop? Explain. First we need to calculate the distance Marlena travels during her
reaction time. Her speed is 65 km/h which we convert to meters per second. There are 1000 meters
in a kilometer and 3600 seconds in an hour so:
 Speed in m/s = 65 km/h x 1000 m/km / 3600s/h = 18.06 m/s
 Calculate the reaction distance
 Reaction distance = speed x reaction time = 18.06 m/s x 0.75 = 13.55 meters
The breaking distance depends on the car’s speed and road conditions. A common formula is
Braking distance = speed ^2/2 x deceleration
 Typical deceleration rate of 7m/s^2
 Braking distance = (18.06m/s)^2 / 2 x 7 m/s^2 = 23.34 meters
 The total stopping distance is the sum of the reaction distance and the braking
distance.
 Total stopping distance = reaction distance + braking distance = 13.55 + 23.34 = 36.89
She needs to stop within 30 meters her total stopping distance is approximately 36.89 meters, she is
not far enough away to safely stop
15. Richie was driving on an asphalt road that had a 40 mi/h speed limit. A bicyclist darted out
from the side of the road causing him to slam on his brakes. His tires left three skid marks of
69ft, 70ft, and 74ft. The road had a drag factor of 0.95. His brakes were operating at 98%
efficiency. The police gave Richie a ticket for speeding. Richie insisted that he was driving under
the speed limit. Who is correct? Explain.
 First find the average length of the skid marks.
 Average skid mark length = 69 + 70 + 74 / 3 = 213 / 3 = 71 feet
 Use the formula to calculate the speed
 Speed = square root of Skid Mark Length x Drag Factor x Braking Efficiency x 30
o Speed + square root of 71 x 0.95 x 0.98 x 30
o Plug in the values
 Speed = sqrt 66.045 x 30
 Speed = 8.12 x 30
 Speed is approximately 243.6 feet per second
To convert this to miles per hour use the conversion factor (1 mile = 5280 feet, 1 hour = 3600 seconds)
 Speed in miles per hour = 243.6 x 3600 / 5280 = 16.6 miles per hour
 Since 16.6 mph is below the 40 miles per hour speed limit Richie was not speeding and he is correct by
stating he was driving under the speed limit.

16. A car is traveling at 52 mi/h before it enters a skid. It has been determined that the drag
factor of the road surface is 1.05, and the braking efficiency is 80%. How long might the average
skid mark be to the nearest tenth of a foot for this situation? Calculate the average skid mark
length
 Convert the speed from miles per hour to feet per second – there are 5280 feet in a mile
and 3600 seconds in an hour
o Speed in feet per second = 52 mph x 5280 feet per mile / 3600 seconds per hour
= 76.27 feet per second
 Use the formula to calculate the skid mark length
o Skid mark length = speed ^2 / 30 x drag factor x braking efficiency
 Plug in the values
o Skid mark length = (76.27)^2 / 30 x 1.05 x 0.80
o Skid mark length = 5816.73 / 25.2
o Skid mark length = 230.9 feet
The average skid mark length is approximately 231 feet