Our the Bioscan is an International Quarterly Journal of Life Sciences that publishes high-quality, peer-reviewed research papers across all areas of life sciences. It is published by the National Environmentalists Association, India, and has a distinguished international editorial board that ensures scientific rigor and quality.
Our the Bioscan is an International Quarterly Journal of Life Sciences that publishes high-quality, peer-reviewed research papers across all areas of life sciences. It is published by the National Environmentalists Association, India, and has a distinguished international editorial board that ensures scientific rigor and quality.
Our the Bioscan is an International Quarterly Journal of Life Sciences that publishes high-quality, peer-reviewed research papers across all areas of life sciences. It is published by the National Environmentalists Association, India, and has a distinguished international editorial board that ensures scientific rigor and quality.
Our the Bioscan is an International Quarterly Journal of Life Sciences that publishes high-quality, peer-reviewed research papers across all areas of life sciences. It is published by the National Environmentalists Association, India, and has a distinguished international editorial board that ensures scientific rigor and quality.
CHEMIC CHEMICALAL AND MICROBIOLOGIC MICROBIOLOGICALAL STATUS OF COW DUNG STA AND COW URINE OF DESI AND HF BREED IN D AIR DAIR Y F AIRY ARM OF FARM ZAHRS ZAHRS,, BABBUR FARM ARM,, HIRIYUR FARM
A. H. KUMAR NAIK1., S.UMESHA2 AND B. M. MADHU3
1 Department of Agronomy,2 Department of Agricultural Microbiology, 3 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural chemistry Zonal Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Babbur farm, Hiriyur, Karnataka - 577 598, INDIA e-mail: [email protected]
KEYWORDS ABSTRACT Desi cow A laboratory experiment was undertaken in the Zonal Agricultural and Horticultural research station, Babbur HF breeds farm, Hiriyur with view to know the nutrient contents and microbial load in dung and urine of Hallikar and HF Cow dung breeds cow. The Hallikar cow dung and urine were noticed highest amount of nutrient viz., N, P and K (0.81 Cow urine and 1.10, 018 and 0.22, 0.61 and 1.04 %) and highest number of viable microorganisms viz., bacteria (79.33 and 51.33 x 105), fungi (4 x 104), actinobacteria (18 x 103), N2- fixers (48 and 22 x 105), P-solubilizers (7.33 and Received on : 2.0 x 105), Pseudomonas sp. (66 x 105) respectively as compared to dung and urine of HF cow breed. The fungal, 17.06.2020 actinobacteria, Pseudomonas sp. and Trichoderma sp. growth were not observed in cow urine sample.
Accepted on : 19.08.2020
*Corresponding author
INTRODUCTION 6,896,907 and 6,410,059 (Gosavi et al., 2011; Randhawa
2010). There are several evidences to show that fresh cow Cow dung is the excreted undigested residue of consumed dung and cow urine are antifungal and antiseptic in food material of herbivorous bovine animal species mixed of antimicrobial metabolites by cow dung micro flora. Therefore, feces and urine in the ratio of 3:1 and mainly consists of lignin, the comparative study was conducted to isolate the cellulose and hemicelluloses (Gupta et al., 2016). A total of microorganisms from cow dung and cow urine of desi and 24 different minerals such as nitrogen, potassium, along with HF cow breed. trace amount of sulfur, iron, magnesium, copper, cobalt and manganese are found in cow dung (Garg and Mudgal, 2007). Cow dung and cow urine are traditionally used as organic MATERIALS AND METHODS fertilizer in Indian sub-continental farming for centuries. The Samples of cow dung and cow urine were collected from desi addition of cow dung increases the mineral status of soil, and HF cow breed in dairy farm at Zonal agricultural and enhances resistance of plant against pests and diseases; Horticultural Research station, Babbur farm, Hiriyur aseptically stimulate plant growth (Naskar and Ray, 2003) and other in sterile poly bags and transported to laboratory of the beneficial activities such as sulphur oxidation and Department of Plant Pathology, College of Horticulture, Hiriyur, phosphorous solubilization. Normally, composition of cow for the evaluation of microbial analysis and Nutrient analysis dung is about 80% water and supports a matrix of undigested in the Department of Soil Science, KVK, Hiriyur. plant material that is rich in nutrients, micro-organisms, and Nitrogen their by-products. Cow dung micro flora contains abundant The nitrogen was determined by Kjeldahl’s digestion- number of bacilli, lactobacilli and cocci and some identified distillation method as described by Jackson (1973). In this and unidentified fungi and yeasts (Muhammad and Amusa, method 10 g or ml of dung or urine sample was digested with 2003). Conc.H 2 SO 4 in presence of digestion mixture (K 2 SO 4 : Cow urine is an integral part and most effective substance of CuSO4.5H2O:Se) in the proportion of (100:20:1) and distilled animal origin with innumerable therapeutic value in ancient under alkaline medium. The liberated NH3 was trapped in boric acid containing mixed indicator and titrated against Indian Ayurvedic literature such as Charak Samhita and standard H2SO4 (Jackson, 1973). Sushruta Samhita (Dhama et al., 2005). Medicinal properties of CU such as bioenhancer, antibiotic, antifungal, and Digestion of plant samples with di-acid mixture anticancer have been patented under US patent number A dung or urine sample of 1 g or ml was pre-digested with 5
429 A. H. KUMAR NAIK et al .,
ml of concentrated HNO3 and again digested with a di-acid (Aneja, 2003).
mixture (HNO3: HClO4 in the proportion of 10:4 ratio). Volume of the digested sample was made up to 100ml with distilled RESULTS AND DISCUSSION water and preserved for P and K analysis (Jackson, 1973). Phosphorus The present study was attempted to assess the microbial load in the fresh cow dung and cow urine samples of desi and HF To a known volume of the di-acid digested extract, cow breed by using serial dilution plate count technique. The vanadomolybdate was added to develop yellow colour of cow dung and urine samples in present investigation were vanadomolybdo phosphoric acid in nitric acid medium. The found to harbor a nutrients and huge array of microorganisms colour intensity was measured at 420 nm wavelength (Jackson as assumed (Table 1 and Fig 1). The desi cow dung has showed 1973). higher nutrient like total N (0.81 % and 1.10 %), total P (018 Potassium % and 0.22 %.) and total K (0.61 % and 1.04 %) and highest The potassium content was estimated by atomizing the number of viable microorganisms viz., bacteria (79.33 x 105 digested diluted sample to a calibrated flame photometer cfu /g of dung), fungi (4 x 104 cfu /g of dung), actinobacteria under suitable measuring conditions as described by Jackson (18 x 103 cfu/ g of dung), N2- fixers (48 x 105 cfu /g of dung), P- (1973). solubilizers (7.33 x 105 cfu /g of dung), Pseudomonas sp. (66 Procedure for serial dilution plate count technique x 105 cfu /g of dung) respectively as compared to HF cow breed. This is due to desi cow dung contain higher amount of Cow dung and urine suspensions were prepared by serial calcium, phosphorus, zinc and copper along with other dilution method (Bunt and Rovira, 1955). The collected and labelled, 10 gm/ ml of cow dung/urine samples were mixed in 90 ml sterilized water and vigorously shaked in vortex for 2 Table 1: Nutrient status of cow dung and cow urine of desi and HF minutes for proper mixing of sample. After dilutions of each cow breed sample were prepared by using standard dilution method with Particulars Halikar breed HF Breed the help of sterilized pipette and diluted upto 10-5. From the Cow dung Cow urine Cow dung Cow urine dilution transferred 0.1 ml aseptically on the respective Total N (%) 0.81 1.1 0.65 0.98 solidified media and plates were kept for incubation at 30º C Total P (%) 0.28 0.22 0.21 0.21 ± 1C for a week time and emerged colonies were counted Total K (%) 0.61 1.04 0.53 0.94
430 CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL STATUS OF COW DUNG
Bacteria Fungi
N2 - Fixers Pseudomonas sp Plate 2: Microorganisms isolated form HF breed Cow dung colonies were did not appear/growth in cow urine sample due to medicinal properties of cow urine such as bioenhancer, 80 antibiotic, antifungal anticancer, antioxidant properties and 70 this will inhibit the fungal growth (Gosavi et al., 2011, Colony farming unit(CFU)
60 Randhawa 2010, Sachdev et al., 2012).The indigenous Indian cow also contain higher amount of calcium, phosphorus, zinc 50 and copper than the cross-breed cow (Garg and Mudgal 2007, 40 Randhawa and Kullar 2011). 30
20 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 10 Special thanks to Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) project 0 funded by GOK grants, Department of Agriculture, KSDA, B F A N2 PS PF T Microorganisms Karnataka and University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga for providing the necessary facilities to Figure 1: Microbial Load in cow dung and cow urine of desi and HF cow breed carry out this study.
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