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Sensors

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4 views3 pages

Sensors

Uploaded by

Saher
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

PIR Sensor (Passive Infrared Sensor)

Function:

• A PIR sensor detects motion by measuring the infrared (IR) radiation emitted from objects,
typically human bodies.

Key Features:

• Motion Detection: PIR sensors detect changes in infrared radiation in their surroundings,
triggered when a warm body (like a person or animal) moves within their range.

• No Emission: They are "passive" because they do not emit any radiation but only receive
infrared radiation.

• Range: PIR sensors have a typical detection range of about 6 to 10 meters.

• Applications: Used in security systems, automatic lighting, and occupancy detection.

How It Works:

• The sensor has two slots made of infrared-sensitive material. When the ambient
temperature is consistent, both slots detect equal IR levels. When a warm body moves, it
alters the IR levels in one of the slots, creating a differential that the sensor detects as
motion.

2. DHT Sensor (Digital Humidity and Temperature Sensor)

Function:
• The DHT sensor measures both temperature and humidity and provides a digital output.

Key Features:

• Types: Two common types are DHT11 and DHT22. DHT11 is less precise and has a smaller
range than DHT22.

• Measures: Temperature (in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit) and relative humidity (percentage
of moisture in the air).

• Range: DHT11 has a temperature range of 0–50°C and humidity range of 20–90%. DHT22 has
a broader range of -40–80°C for temperature and 0–100% for humidity.

• Applications: Widely used in weather stations, HVAC systems, and IoT-based environment
monitoring systems.

How It Works:

• The DHT sensor uses a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor to measure the
surrounding air and sends a digital signal on the data pin. DHT22 is more accurate and has a
wider range but is slightly slower and more expensive than DHT11.

2. LDR Sensor (Light Dependent Resistor)

Function:

• An LDR is a type of resistor whose resistance decreases with increasing light intensity.

Key Features:

• Light Sensitivity: The resistance of the LDR decreases when it is exposed to more light. In
darkness, its resistance is high, and in bright light, the resistance is low.

• Simple and Low-cost: LDRs are inexpensive and widely used in basic light-sensing
applications.

• Applications: Used in automatic street lights, alarm clocks, light meters, and in IoT projects
for light-level sensing.
How It Works:

• The sensor’s resistance changes based on the intensity of light falling on it. It operates using
the principle of photoconductivity. The change in resistance can be measured and used to
control circuits or detect light levels in the environment.

Summary:

• PIR Sensor detects motion using infrared radiation.

• DHT Sensor measures temperature and humidity.

• LDR Sensor detects light intensity based on changing resistance.

These sensors are widely used in IoT applications for environmental monitoring, automation, and
control systems.

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