328 Allinone Science Class 1Oth

I Rays trom Sun converge at apoint 15 cm in 10 A 10 mm long alpin is placed vertically in front
Iront of a concave mirror. Where should an of a concave mirror. A 5 mm long image of the
object be placed, so that size of its image 1s alpin is formed at 30 cm in front of the mirror
equal tothe size of the object? The focal length of this mirror is
CBSE SQP (Term-I) NCERT Exemplar
(a) 30 cm in front of the mirror (a) -30 cm (b) -20 cm
(b) 15 cm in front of the mirror (c) 40 cm (d) 60 cm
(c) Between 15 cm and 30 cm in front of the Sol. (6) Given, object size, h = +10.0 mm
mirror (.lcm= 10 mm)
(d) More than 30 cm in front of the mirror =+l0 cm
Sol. (a) At u = 2F (or the centre of curvature), the concave
mirror forms inverted and real image of the same size. Image size, b'=5.0 mm =0.5 cm
Image distance, V=-30 cm (For real image)
8 A child is standing in front of a magic mirror. Focal length, f=?
She finds the image of her head bigger, the b' (image size)
middle portion of her body of the same size As, magnification, m=
b (object size)
and that of the legs smaller. The following is
the order of combinations for the magic mirror Also, magnification, m= -V
from the top. NCERT Exemplar
0.5 -30
(a) Plane, convex and concave u =-60cm
(b) Convex, concave and plane
(c) Concave, plane and convex 1 1.1
Using mirror formula, =- +
(d) Convex, plane and concave f
Sol. () Concave mirrors (of largefocal length) can be used to
see a larger image of the head, the plane mirror for -30 60
middle portion to see her body of the same size and
convex mirror to see the diminished image of leg. Hence, -2 -1 -3
the combinations for magic mirror from the top is 60 60
concave mirror, plane mirror and convex mirror.
f=-20 cm
9 To obtain a magnification of + 2 with a concave P The image of a candle flame formed by a lens
mirror of radius of curvature 60 cm the object is obtained on a screen placed on the other
distance must be CBSE 2023 side of the lens. According to new cartesian
(a) - 90 cm (b) 45cm sign convention, if the image is three times the
(c) - 30cm (d) -15 cm size of the flame, then the lens is
Sol. (d) Given, magnification, m = + 2 CBSE SOP (Term-l)
Radius of curvature, R = -60cm. (a) concave and magnification is +3
(b) concave and magnification is -3
Object distance, u =?
(c) convex and magnification is -3
As, magnification, m= (d) convex and magnification is +3
V=- 2u
Sol. (6) Aconcave mirror forms real and inverted image ot the
object. Thus, from the given description option(b)is
R 60 COrrect.
and f= =- 30 cm
2
From mirror formula, 12 The image of an object placed in front of a
Concave mirror of focal lenath 15 cm is ol ue
same size asthe object.The distance between
the object and its image is
CBSE SQP (Term-)
30 - 2u (a) 15 cm (b) 30 cm (c) 60 cm (d) zero he

Sol. (b) When image height is equal to object height

-30 2
object must be placed at cenre of curvature i.e. R= 2F
=2x15= 30 cm.
H=-15 Cm Hence, object distance = 30 cm
 light:Reflection and
imone Refraction 331

Consider these indices of

1.52; air: 1..0003; water: 1.333. refraction: qlass:
Based on N Figure shows a ray of light as it travels from
refractive indices of three the medium Ato medium B. Refractive index of
the speed of light
materials,
through them in arrange the medium B relative to medium A is
order. decreasing
CBSE 2021 (Term-I)
(a) The speed of ]light in water > the speed of
ight in air > the speed of light in glass 45°
)The speed of ight in glass > the speed of 45° Mediurn B

light in water > the speed oflight in air 30 Mediurn A

lc The speed of light in air > the speed of 60
light
in water > the speed of light in glass
(d)The speed of light in glass > the speed of
V3 1
light in air > the speed of light in water (b (d) V2
(A V3
Sol. Speed of light is maximum in rarer medium and speed NCERT Exemplar
of light is minimum in denser medium.
Sol. (a) Given, angle of incidence, i = 60°, angle of refraction,
where u is refractive index. r= 45°
Refractive index of the medium B relative to medium A,
1A Which of the following mirror is used by a
dentist to examine a small cavity in a patient's sin i sin 60 V3
teeth? SIn sin 45° V2
CBSE 2021 (Term-I)
(a) Convex mirror
(b) Plane mirror 18 A light ray enters from medium A to medium B
(c) Concave mirror as shown in the figure. The refractive index of
(d) Any spherical mirror mediumn B relative tÍ A will be
Sol. (c) Concave mirror forms enlaraged, erect image when Medium 8
object is placed between focus and pole. Therefore,
concave mirror is used by a dentist to examine a small
cavity in patient's teeth.
MediumA
15 The relation R= 2f is valid
(a) for concave mirrors but not for convex (a) greater than unity (b) less than unity
mirrors (c) equal tounity (d) zero NCERT Exemplar
(b) for convex mirrors but not for concave Sol. (a) Since light rays in the medium B goes towards
mirrors normal. So it has greater refractive index and lesser
(c) Neither for concave mirrors nor for convex velocity of light w.r.t. medium A. So refractive index of
mirrors
medium Bw.r.t. medium A is greater than unity.
(d) for both concave and convex mirrors 19
Sol, \a) For all spherical mirrors, radius of curvature (R) is Medium 1
equal to twice the focal length. i.e. R= 2f Medium 2
l6elocity of light in air is 3 x10 m/s. While its
Velocity in a medium is 15 x 10° m/s. Then, Mediumn 3

refractive index of this medium is

Medium 4
la) 3 (b) 5
(c) 0.5 (d) 2
Sol,(d) Refractive index of medium with respect to air, In the above diagram, light is travelling
Speed of light in air
through different media. It is noted by a
Speed of light in medium scientist that 1= 23= 24 but 2 < 4Which
3x108 of the following statementwould be correct?
=2
1.5 x108 CBSE SQP (Term-I)
328 Allinone Science Class 10%

0' and Y
lium 1is denser than medium 3 but its (c) convex; between
O and Y
uensity is equal to medium 2 (d) convex; between
Sol. (b) The concave lens diverges ight rays coming paralte!
(b) Medium 2 the rarest medium
(c) Medium 3 is denser than medium 1 to principal axis.
(d) Medium 1 and 3 are essentially the same 23 Which of the following can make a parallel
medium but medium 2 is denser than 1 beam of light when light trom a point source is
and 3 incident on it? CBSE SQP (Term-)
Sol. (d) Medium 1,3 and 4 are essentially the same medium convex lens
as allthe rays are parallel. The medium 2 is denser than 1, (a) Concave mirror as well as
3and 4 as light ray bend towards the normal in medium Concave lens
(b) Convex mirror as well as
to each
(c) Two plane mirrors placed at 90°
2.

20 The angle of incidence from air to glass at the other

point O on the hemispherical glass slab is (d) Concave mirror as well as
concave lens
CBSE 2021(Term-I) mirror can make
Sol. (a) Both convex lens and concave
parallel beam of light when light from a point source is
Ain incident on it.
Glass 24 Assertion Kerosene having higher refractive
Ai index is optically denser than water, although
water.
its mass density is less than thatof
(a) 45° (b) 0 Reason The speed of light decides whether a
(c) 90° (d) 180 mediumn is optically rarer or optically denser.
Sol. (b) Since light ray suffer no deviation thus the angle of An optically denser medium may not possess
incidence and refraction must be equal to zero. greater mass density.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true
21 When light is incident on a glass slab, the
and Reason is the correct explanation of
incident ray, refracted ray and the emergent
ray are in three media A, B and C. If n,, n, and Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but
n are the refractive indices of A, B and C Reason is not the correct explanation of
respectively and the emergent ray is parallel
Assertion.
to the incident ray, which of the following is
true? CBSE 2021 (Ternm-I) (c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(a) n, < n, <ng (d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.
(b) n, > ny> y Sol. (a) The optical denser medium have greater electron
density around a surrounding central atom, which
(c) n, < n = g
(d)n, = n, < y decided optical property of medium. The opically
denser medium may or may not be physically denser.
Sol. (d) This is the case of aglass slab, where li= Le, thus
n, =% and both are rarer than n,. 25 The refractive index of flint glass is 1.65 and
22 Study the diagram given below and identify that for alcohol is1.36 with respect to air.What
the type of the lens XX and the position of the
is the refractive index of the flint glass with
respect to alcohol ? CBSE SQP (Term-)
point on the principal axis O0' where the
(a) 0.82
image of the object AB appears to be formed (b) 1.21
CBSE SQP (Term-1) (c) 1.11 (d) 1.01
Sol. (6) Given, "uoas = l.65
A
alcohol = 136
alcohol 1.65
-=1.21
0 B 1.36

26 Beams of light are incident through the holes

A and Band emerge out ofbox through the
(a) concave; between 0'and Y holes C and D respectively as shown in the
(b) concave; between O and Y figure.
336
Allinone Sclence Oos

Direction (Q. Nos. 67-69) Answers

basis of your understanding of the) the questi¡ns o.
Distance of image, v =-100 cm
() Using mirror formula,
1 I,1_ 1 -2 related studied concepts : fol owing table
The ability of a medium to refract light is
+ +
-100 -100 100
f
f=-50 cm .Optical density hasCspradaese
terms ofits optical density.
connotation. It is not the same as mass
(i) Magnification of the image, comparing two media, the one with che density.
-(-100) =-1 index is optically denser medium than lthearge
- 100 other medium with alower refractive index
Direction (Q. Nos. 63-66) Answers the questions on the rarer. Also the speed of light through a given
basis of your understanding of the following table and the inversely proportional to its optical densiry. mediun
related studied concepts
Absolute refractive indices of some of the materials 67 Determine the speed ofight in diamond ia
A, B, C and D are given in the following table : refractive index of diamond with
vacuum is 2.42. Speed of light in respect ;
Medium Refractive index
3 x 10 m/s. vacuun
A 1.54
Sol. Given, refractive index of diamond
1.33
w.r.t. to vacuum, l, = 2.42
2.42
c=3x10 m/s
D 1.65
v=?

63 What is the meaning of the statement that We know that,

'absolute refractive index of water is 1.33'?
Sol. Absolute refractive index of water is 1.33 means the ratio
of the speed of light in vacuum and the speed of light in 3x108
water is equal to 1.33. 2.42
64 How is absolute refractive index related to =1.23 x 10m/s
speed of light?
Sol. Absolute refractive index B8 Refractive indices of glass, water and carta
Speed of light in vacuum disulphide are 1.5, 1.33 and 1.62, respective
Ifa ray of light is incident in these media ate
Speed of light in that medium increasty
same angle (say 0), then write the
65 In which of these materials, in the above table, order of the angle of refraction in these
meds
light travels fastest? Sol. According to Snell's law,
(a) A (b) B sin i
(c) C (d) D Sin r
the
Sol. (b) Light travels fastest in medium B. Since, B has
least refractive index it indicates that B is much optically Sin oc

rarer than all other medium hence light travels fastest in inchesem
medium B. of refraction
-1
So, increasing order of angle
The speed of light in air is 3 x 10®ms and that is
chw
in medium A is 15 x 10° ms. The refractive of
index of A will be where, and are angle of refraction
(a) 2 (b) 0.5 disulphide, glass and water, respectively 10 dl
m/s
(d) 1.5 is 2 x
(c) 4.5 6 The speed of light in glass
Sol. (a) Refractive index of A
in water is 225 x 10 m/s. optically denser
iN
Speed of light in air
Speed of light in that medium (i) Which one of the two is
why? normally
3x10 of light is incident entersdl W
2 (ii) A ray it Wha!
1.5x108 water-glass interface when water.
glass container filled with
 339
light:Reflection and Refraction
none

happen to the path of the ray after entering together to obtain thet
reason. moving the eye and the lens
elass? Give focus.
Or
absolute refractive indices of water 70 What is magnifying glass ? i.e. used to produce a
The âre 4/3 and 3/2, respectively. If and
qlass the Sol. Amagnifying glass is a convex lens,
speed of light in glass is 2 x 10 m/s, find the magnified image of an object.
an experiment
speed of.light in (i) vacuum and (ii) water. 71 The following diagramshows
of alens. What is
to measure the
focal length
speed of light in glass, v, =2x10m/s
()Given, length of the following lens?
the focal
v = 2.25 x 108 m/s
Speedoflightt in water,
Image

Refractive index of glass. Lens

Speed of light inair 3 x108 = 15 Torch

H: Speed oflight in glass 2 x 10
Plane Hole cut
3 x 10 mirror in card
Refractive index of water, = =133
focal length as ir is the
Sol. According to che diagram, Q is the
2.25 x 108
So olass is optically denser becauseof its refractive index is distance berween fucus and optic centre.
greater thanthe refractive index water.
72 On what factors, magnification of a
aThe path of the ray of light will bend towards the magnifying glass depends?
normal when it enters the glass. This is because the
speed of light is lower in glass than in water. Sol. The magnification of magnifying glass depends upon
Or wherher it is placed between the users eye and the object
Given,refractive index of water, being viewed and total distance berween them.
73 Draw a diagram showing that the convex lens
4

forms a virtual, erect, enlarged image of an

object.
Refractive index of glass, H = 2 Sol.

Speed of light in glass, v, = 2 x 10° m/s

() We know that,
speed of lightin vacuum
speed of lighr in glass
3
c=x 2 x 10* =3 x 10 m/s
Direction (Q. Nos. 74-76) Answers the questions on the
(m). Vwaiet
basis of your understanding of the following table and the
watcr
related studied concepts :
3x108 Many optical instruments consists of a number of lenses.
= 2.26 x 10 m/s They are combined to increase the magnification and
413
sharpness of the image. The net power (P) of the lenses
Direction (Q. Nos. 70-73) Answers the questions on the placed in contact is given by the algebraic sum of the
bais of your understanding of the following table and the
powers of theindividual lenses P, P, P...... as
related studied conceptS : P=P +P, + P,
Magnification products like magnifying glass,
compound microscope, telescope, etc., areindividuals important
This is also termed as the simple additive property of the
power of lens, widely used to design lens systems of
Insttoday.rumentWhether
s for thethedailyapplication
activities of many
is for commercial, cameras, microscopes and telescopes. These lens systems
can have a combination of convex lenses and also
abiproliftyessiytoonalperform
or personal use, a magnifierenhances one's concave lenses. CBSE 2023
or enjoy atask or hobby. Amagnifying 74 What is the nature (convergent/divergent) of
glass is aconvex lens that is used to produce a magnified
Image of an object. The magnification of a magnifying the combination of a convex lens of power
ass depends upon whether it is placed berween the + 4D and a concave lens of power - 2D?
ser s Cal The combination of a convex lens of power + 4D and a
cye and the object being viewed and che tocal
obtdistaainncede tby Putting the lens
between them. The highest magnifying power is concave lens of power - 2D is divergent in narure.
eye and
very close to the
338 Allinone Science

75 Calculate the focal length of a lens of power bends the light, while the smaller
2.5D.
away, she neededa big powerful lens.
lens
image. Big, thick lenses are more powerfu
maSoghey
Sol. We know that,
Focal length, f=
Power
1

-2,5
realised that a big lens is very heavy.
Heavy lenses are hardto make
right place. Also, since the light is
and
difficult Unfomunathy,
has to bepassinggthrou
[: Power =- 2.5 D) lens, the surface of the lens
f=-0.4 m = 40 cm
Here, negative sign indicates that the lens is a concave
lens.
Any flaws in the lens will
change the extremely
like looking through a dirty window.image. It woui
76 Draw aray diagram to show the nature and 77 Based on the diagram shown.
CBSE SQP 2024:%
position of an image formed by a convex lens lenses would Sumati need towhat kind
of power + 0.1D, when an object is placed at a telescope? make te
distance, of 20 cm from its optical centre. (a) Concave lenses (b) Convex lenses
Or (c) Bi-focal lenses (d) Flat lenses
How is a virtual image formed by a convex Sol. (6) As shown in the given diagram, Sumati
lens different from that formed by a concave would ze
convex lenses in order to make the telescope.
lens? Under what conditions do a convex and a
Ifthe powers of the lenses L, and L are ink
concave lens form virtual images?
ratio of 4 : 1, what would be the ratio of te
Sol. Given, distance of object, # = -20 cm
Power, P= 01D
focal length of L and L,?
(a) 4 : 1 (b) 1:4 (c) 2:1 (d) 1:1
1 1 = 10 mn =1000 cm
f= p 0.1
Sol. () Let fj and f be the focal lengths of lenses l, asd.
So, the object lies berween lens and . Therefore, image respectively.
1
will be virtual, erect and magnified. As, power
See figure on Pg -320 focal length
(Between lens and ). Ratio of powers of lenses L and L,
Or
Refer to text on Pg-320 (Between lens and E)
R_4 (given)
(Image formation by concave lens) P
Direction (Q. Nos. 77-81) Answers the gquestions on the
basis of your understanding of the following table and the 1/ 1

related studied concepts :

Sumati wanted to see the stars of the night sky. She
knows that she needs a telescope to see those distant stars. andL, =l:+
She finds out that the telescopes, which are made of Hence, ratio of focal lengths of lenses Lmagnificati:
which
lenses, arecalled refracting telescopes and the ones 79 What is the formula for
are made of mirrors are called reflecting telescopes. obtained with a lens?
heightofobjec
o
Lens Image (a) Ratio of height ofimagetto
(b) Double the focal length
(C) Inverse of the radiusof curvatue
Telescope diagram (d) Inverse of the object distance ratioofey
Jensische
Sol. (a) Magnification obtained by a
of image h, to the height of object h,. 1.e.
Eyepiece
Magnification, m =
experinment»:

To
eyee
Lo
80 Sumati did some preliminary out that
found
the lenses and
eyepiece(L,)is
telescope. She magnification of the aniye
So, she decided to malke a refracting
tound
which L, was she
L, out of her experiment with L
bought two lenses, L, ahd lens gathers and
bigger and I., was smaller. The larger
 339
Wnone Light: Reflection and Refraction

the lens, at what distance did she incidence for both

24Cmfrom the angles of
put
theobject? OO Sne measured side of the box to be
48.6°.
(b) 12 cm (c) 8 cm the rayson the left the material
(d) 6 cm refractive index of
cnm She knew the the
(a)72 magnification, m =3 was 1.5. What will be
X inside the box refraction?
distance, v=24
cm approximate value of angle of
Ippage =? (b) 40
distance,u (a) 45°
Obiect 24 cm (c) 30° (d) 60°
m=-’u = =8 cn
As. 3 Sol. (c) Given,angle of incidence, i = 486°
Hence,she should put
the object at 8 cm from the lens Refractive index, =15 sin i
From Snell's law refractive index, u= sIn r
Sumati bought not-so-thick lenses for the sin 48.6°
81
telescope and polished them. What 1.5 =
Sin r
advantages, if any, would she have with her
choice of lenses? 0.75 =,r=
1 30°
1.5 2
not have any advantage as even
(a) She will following observations
thicker lenses Would give clearer images. 84 Her friend noted the
made the
(b) Thicker lenses would have
from this demonstration :
easier to handle.
telescope
the (i) Glass is optically rarer than air.
(c) Not-so -thick lenses would not make (ii) Air and glass allow light to
pass through them
telescope very heavy and also allow
with the same velocity.
considerable amount of light to pass.
sd) Not-so-thick lenses will give her more (ii) Air is optically rarer than glass.
denser medium is
magnification. (iv) Speed of light through amnedium.
lenses (i.e. faster than that of a rarer
Sol. (c) The telescope made by using not-so-thick incidence in the
chin lenses) will not be very heavy. Also, it will allow (v) The ratio of sine of angle of
considerable amount of light to pass through it. first medium to the ratio of sine of angle of
refraction in the second medium, gives the
Direction (Q. Nos. 82-85) Answers the questions on the with
refractive index of the second medium
bais of your understanding of the followingpassage and the respect to the first one.
related stndied concepts:
some
Noor, a young student, was trying to demonstrate Which one of the combination of the above
properties of light in her Science project work. She kept statements given below is correct?
Xinside the box (as shown in the figure) and with the (a) (ii), (iv) and (v) are correct
help of a laser pointer made light rays pass through the (b) (iii) and (iv) are correct
holes on one side of the box. She had a small butter-paper (c) (i), (iv) and (v) are correct
ScTreen to see the spots of light being cast as they emerged. (d)) (iii) and (v) are correct
Ray 2 Sol. (d) Air is optically rarer than glass.
According to Snell's law,
Ray 1 sin i
X
Ray 2 Sin

Or n,sin i= n, sin i
Ray 1 Sin i
82 placed inside Thus,
What could be the 'X that she sin r
the box to make the rays behave as shown? which gives refractive index of a medium wich respect to
la)a another medium.
converging lens
b) a parallel-sided glass block 85 If the object inside the box was made of a
()a plane mirror material with a refractive index less than 1.5.
(d)a triangular prism
Sol, (b) Since, parallel to refracted
incident rays are block
ray,
the
then

is placedinside
therefore
box.
parallel sided glass
 Allinone Science C
340

Sol. To increase the

amount of light gathered
been less lens should be nade of larger and madeby the lens,
(a) lateral shift of the ravs would have higher refractive index.
have been with
(b) lateralshift of the ravs would
more 88 In the refracting telescope given
would remain the passage, what should be the distance
(C) lateral shift of the ravs the first ce betwey
same as before the two lenses? (Use ray
information to comment
(d) there is not enough statements the passage to
answer it.) dhiagyan
on any of the above
Sol. Not specified in this passage.
is decreased, then the lateral
Sol. (a) the refractive index
If light that reaches the
shift decreases, as d u.
guestions on the
89 The
from very far away celestial objects. telescopes
Direction (Q. Nos. 86-89) Answer the passage and the ray diagram to show what happens when li:
following
basis of yourunderstanding of the from a far away object falls a convex
related studied concepts: and a concave lens.
design of a refracting
The image below shows che Or
telescope. The light that reaches the telescopes co
objects. D
Incoming from very far away celestial
light ray diagram to show what happens when in
from a far away object falls on a convex mim:
and a concave mirror.
eye piece
lens Sol. Incoming
light
different colours split
When light passes through a prism
same thing happens with
The
and dispersion takes place.lesser
to a much degree. This is called
a lens bur different colours of
chromatic aberration and causes the
overcome this
light to focus at different points. To invented. One
telescope was
problem, the reflectingtelescope is shown below.
design of the reflecting
CBSE Additional Practice Question
Incoming
light

Incoming light Primary

mirror
Secondary
mirror
For a concave lens

Or

86 Why is there no chromatic aberration

in
reflecting telescopes?
aberration
Sol. Reflecting telescopes do not have chromatic
because the mirror reflects the light without dispersing it
into different colours, leading to a clearer image.
87 One of the critical factors affecting a telescope
is the amount of light it can gather. The more
light a telescope can gather, the better the For concave miror
image it produces. What can be done to the For convex miro
lens to increase the amountof light a telescope
gathers?
WroneLght: Reflection and Refraction
343

Nos. 90-92) Ánswer the

Direction(Q questions on the
understanding offthe
dstudiedconcepts. following
CBSEpassage and the
SQP 2022-23
3 m in front c
lens is 14 c
image forma
Sol. Given, f = 20

.:. Fromn lens fo

1
20 -21 20 21
1 1 1
The above images that of a specialized slide
are
Slides aresmall | transparencies mountedlin sturdyprojector. 20 (-21)
ideally suuited to magnification and frames
projection, since
have a very high resolution and a high image quality.
they 1 1 21-20 1

There is a tray where the slides are to be put into a 20 21 420 420
particular orientation so that the viewers can see the V= 420 cm
enlarged erect images of the transparent slides. This Or
means that the slides will have to be inserted upside
down in the projector tray. To show her students the 15 cm
Lens

images of insects that she investigated in che lab, Mrs.

Iuer brought a slide projector. Her slide projector Side
F 2F B
produced a 500times enlarged and inverted image of a 2F B

slide on a screen 10m away. Image

14 cm A
90 Based on the text and data given in the above
3 m
paragraph, what kind of lens must the slide
projector have?
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Sol. As, the image of a slide on screen is real, inverted and
magnified. So, it is a convex lens. 93 Due to which property of light, sharp shadows
of opaque objects are obtained?
91 Ifvis the symbol used for image distance andu Sol. Since, light travels in straight line, any obstacle
for object distance then with one reason state obstructing the path will cast its shadow. Hence, its the
what will be the sign for in the given case? rectilinear propagation of light which helps in shadow
formation.
Sol. For a real, inverted and magnified image by convex lens, 94 What is the radius of curvature of plane
h, = -ve, b, = t ve mirror?
Sol. The radius of curvature of plane mirror is ininity.
Magnification, bË-ve
b + ve 95 Aray is incident ona plane miror as shown in
figure.
D-ve
Hence, the sign of is negative.
Reflected
fay
92 Aside projector has a convex lens with afocal
down
length of 20 cm. The slide is placed upside
21 Cm from the lens. How far away should the What is the angle of reflection for the above
SCreen be placed fromthe slide projector's lens so incident ray?
that the slide is in focus? Sol. Since, the incident ray talls normally on the reflecting
Or
surface, the angle of incidence is zero and hence the angle
of teflection is zero, according to the law of reflection.
When a slide is placed 15 cm behind the lens
in the projector, an imageis formed
 ii) State the
incidence relationship
sol.( )
above case.
and angle of
Given, refractive index of
betrewfreenaction angline theof
345

and refractivee water, water CBSE 2020

index of alcohol, u u =
1.33 hature of this mirror and
the
water aleohol Sol.(i) Given,instrument reason for its
alcohol
radius of used by dentist.
1.36 use n
CBSE 2020
Hence, alcohol is
denser than water.
i) Ray diagram is given below curvature, R 5m,
2.5 mn
Object distance, u-
As, we know 20m
Water So,from security mirror is convez
mirror formula mirror.
Alcohol
(i) Here, relation
between angle 1.36
of
refraction is Sin ;
Sin alcohol incidence and angle of - 20

V=2.22 m
2.5
1.33 sin i =1.36 sin watr er 1.33 Since, object is beyond focus,
mirror, virtual, erect and hence image is behind the
() Dentists use small.
in mouth. concave mirror to see teeth and
Hwater =1.33 This
They use it to haveinstrument is called other areas
'mouth mirror.
oral examination. acloser and magnified
Halcohol =1.36 8 An
image during
object is placed at a
a
concave lens of focal distance of 60 cm from
A i) Use lens length 30 cm.
Refractive
1.33 and index of water with image fromformula
the
to find the
distance of the
(i) In which
of that diamond is 2.42.respect to air is (ii) List four lens.
characteristics of the image
medium does the light move faster,
water or diamond? position,
lens inthis
size,
erect/inverted) formed(nature,
by the
(ii) What is the (iii) Draw the raycase.
respect to water?refractive index of diamond with of part (ii). diagram to justify your answer
Sol.Given, refractive CBSE SOP 2020-21 Sol.() Given, # = - 60 CBSE 2019
index of water, , =133 cm,f =-30 cm
and refractive index of By lens formula.!
() As,
diamond, H, = 2.42
refractive index = Speed of light in
vacuum 1
Speed of light in medium -30
’ -60
Refractive index oc _2+1 I
:
Speed of light in medium -60
The refractive index of 20
water, diamond is more than that of
hence the speed of light is lesser in V=-20 cm
compared to in water. diamond as (i) Since, v is
negative, therefore image is formed at same
side of object.
Hence, light moves faster in water Nature of image is
\:) Now, refractive medium.
index of diamondw.r.t. image is formed virtual, erect and diminished and
wHyd_2.42 water, (ii)
berween focus and optical centre.
133 8.
AB object
= 182 (approx) AB'= image
70) Asecurity mirror used in a big showroom has 2F, A F,A F2 2F2
radius of curvature 5 m. If a customer is
standing at a distance of 20 m from the cash
counter, find the position, nature and size of 9(i) An object is kept at a
lens of power + 2 D. distance 1 mn from a
of
tne image formed in the security
Neha visited a dentist in his mirror.
clinic. She (a) Identify the type of lens.
(b) Calculate its focal
observed that the dentist was holding an image formed.
length and distance of the
instrument fitted State the
with a mirror.
 Alinone Science

346
=-l80)
.. Magnification, m=
- 20
m=- 9
Or
context of a on Pg-321 (Magnification by
following terms in the (in Refer to
text
(1) Define the
diverging lens.
Or
320
lene,
focus (b) Focal
length on Pg-319 and
(a) Principal (ii) Refer to text lens)
ray diagram to illustrate
your (Formation of image by a convex
(a) Real, inverted and magnified- 10 cm to 20 cm.
Draw a labelled CBSE 2023
magnified. lens to 10 cm.
answer.
positive, so this lens in Virtual, erect and
(a) The power of the lens is (b)
11 "The magnification produced by asphers
Sol. () convex. mirror is -3." List four informations you ob
=-100cm
Given, #=-Imn statement about the
(6)
Power, P=+ 2D
=05 m
from this
mir or/image
Sol. Given, magnification produced by asphericalCBSEmiriaZ)
Focal lengrh. f ==m
p
-3, i.e. m=-3.
f=50cm .. The four informations obtained from this statemkc
11 1 are as follows:
Using lens formula,
1 2-1 Image is
1 1 ,1_1 () real
50 100 100 [: mis negat1ve
(i) inverted
(ii) magnified
1 ’ y =100cm
used is concave nmirro.
100 (iv) spherical mirror
12 A student wants to project the image of :
Or screen 60 cm in tront of:
text on Pg-318
(Principal focus). candle flame on a
(i1) (a) Refer to text on Pg-318 (Focal length of lens). candle at a distane
(6) Refer to mirror by keeping the CBSE 202
is placed at a 15 cm from its pole.
of 5 cm heightoptical of mirror used.
10 G) An object from the
centre of a
(i) Name the type
distance of 20 cm Calculate
length 18 cm. (ii) Also calculate
concave lens of focal magnification
and (b)the of the image produced
(a)image distance (a) magnification
object and its image.
in this case. magnification (b) distance between
the values of
convex lens diagram to show the imag:
(ii) Compare concave lens and a (iii) Draw a ray
obtained by a virtual images. formation.
form
when both the lenses Q-4 (SA]on Pg-344.
Or Sol. Refer to solution of
can form a (i)real,
inverted and mirror is placed horizontalyt
(iii) A Convex lens (ii) virtual, erect 13 When a plane distance of 40 m trom
magnified image as wellanas object.If the focal levelled ground at a andis
of of the tower
and magnified image cm, what should be
the foot of a tower, the top
subtend an angle ot0
length of the lens is 10 both cases? image in the mirror height of the towerf
distance in
range of the object justify your answer. the eye. What is
the
Draw ray diagrams to CBSE 2023

of object= 5 cm
Sol. () Given, height v=- 20cm(front of the lens) Sol.
Object distance, (concave lens)
Focal length, f = 18cm Eye
Image discance,v =? concave lens, 45 45°
The lens formula for a \45
1
Plane mirror
40 m Tower
m
toweris40

-18 (- 20) From geometry of figure, height of

As in right angled AABC,
2CAB = LBCA
18 20 mn
CB = AB = 40
|80 cm
 Light. Reflection and Refraction 347
none

and r denote the object

If
p.q
14distance and the radius of
distance, image 7 When an object is placed
at adistance of 60Cn
mirro, the
curvature from Convex spherical
,of a spherical mirror, then find out
respectively, 1 Where should
relation between them. magnification produced is
2
the magnification
From mirror formula, the object be placed to get a
of

1 1 Sol. Given, distance of object, =-60 cn

We have, 1

2
Magnification, m, =
or P9 Distance of object, h =?
of 2 1
ptq Magnification, m, =
2p9
m =

15 If theimage formed by a miror for all positions v=-m,u, = x(-60) =30 cm

of the object placed in front of it is always erect 2
and diminished, what type of mirror is it? Draw a Using mirror formula,
ray diagram to justity your answer. Where and
why do we generall use this type of mirror? 1_1,1_1,1 1
CBSE 2015 (-60) 30 GO 60
Sol. The mirror is convex mirror. f=60 cm
Refer to text on Pg-314 (Image formation by a convex
mirror). Again m, = V, =
3
16 A student wants to project the image of a
Since,
candle flame on ascreen 48 cm in front of a
fas the same mirror is used in both the cases]
mirror by keeping the flame at adistance of 1 1
12 cm from itspole. 11, 1 1
(i) Suggest the type of mirror he should use.
1 1 3
(ii) Find the linear magnification of the image
produced. 60
(ii) How far is the image formed from its object? 1 3 1
- 2_ 1
(iv) Draw a ray diagram to show the image 60 60
formation in this case. CBSE 2014
U, =- 120 cm
Solli) He should use concave mirror, as it forms real images.
(n) Given, distance of obiect, u = -12 cm, distance of
18 A spherical mirror produces an image of
Image, v=- 48 cm magnification -1 on a screen placed at a
distance of 50 cm from the mirror.
As, magnification, m = -_ (-48) 4
(-12)
NCgative sign indicates that image formed is rcal and
Glass
inverted.
The image is formed at a distance of 48 cm from object.
(i) Write the type of mirror.
Object ii) Find the distance of the image from the
object.
(iii) What is the focal length of the mirror?
Image (iv) Draw the ray diagram to show the image
formation in this case.
CBSE 2014
Real. inverted and enlarged image is formed beyond Soll) The mirror is concave mirror.
CCntre of curvature.
 349 diagram
formed the CBSE
2015
than
the F.
2
of of is of
size amaterial
light
medium.
converges.
ms been beyond the medium rays
in
10* fill than of of denser
rayis have
beampath
if
lens,
x
=1.78 B information been been bigger it
incomplete 2F,
A' lens. would have
a , tolens,
ms! image have been theconvex
in parallel > rarer
convex convex
by 10 AB would A
of kept Draw n,
x10 given x
A
would have from
16 the
following above object made the(ii) a
2.67 is 2_ 9 a AB would is A lens. , goesthrough
from
x2xo water from
where objectobject n, n,. n=
= x 3
of light
10 iin X10 refraction
of position size
of
image. F1 object lensindex theemergingpassing
index
of (ii) n,,
x light theobject basis the position
2F1 the convex on n,<on
3 8 of
a 8 3 Observe 2F1 of image. refractive
of refractive
incident ,
Speed theblanks.
The Size of < When Thus,
anafter The B Size lightn,
of On (i) (ii) Sol.) (i) Sol:)
(in) (i) A
24 25.
by the going
of angle CBSE
2016
refractive to and of the 2015
CBSE
refraction
suffered ai. glass speed
1/3 through to glasS calculate
Hd
Retraction an light from
:sin
30° =
19.5°
=1/2 mark
glass the
forthe 3is going of
the shiftpassing from glass If ms!
glass,
2
sin and qlass
find displacement 1 indices 2x10ms-,
respectively.
refraction
refractionto light x108 vacuum
given
by
and showlateral going
R
air
=1
slab 3/2, for
1/3ls to
through
aglass
Draw
diagramthe
while of
refractive
index
is light
to
glass
of of
from
angle lateralindex
angle
2x air
of
refractive (ii)
water
3 2 = v, is
30° 195°
sin sin andlight 3 2 that, index is
for figure, =
ZN'00'=Zr=
ZMO'0=Lr= 3and2 in and
H
Tây
refraction
air 0'Brefractive known by absolute
Refracçve
glasslight in light
3 ofray
the above 4 3 light
1/2 a air fof. N
Distance, given 4 3 i)
vacuum
Sin
i
tlight slab.the fromindex Given, is
it
are in of
water of
of Speed
the
of If In
is
i.e. air The ughtspeed Sol.
Given,Speed
(i22) it Sol.le) 1.e.
0)
(i 4
 27 Does the incident and emergent ray coincide in 31 List the sign conventions for reflection of
the process of refraction through glass slab? Give spherical mirrors. Draw a diagram and
conventions in the determination of focal applylighttheseby
reason.
spherical mirror which forms athree timeslength of a
A ray of light enters a diamond from air. If the real image of an object placed 16 cm in front ofmagni
it fied
refractive index of diamond is 2.42, what (Ans. Focal length of concave mirror is -12 cm)
% (percent) is speed of light in diamond with that
of speed in air? 32 List the new cartesian sign convention for reflection.
light by spherical mirors. Draw a diagram and
these conventions for calculating the focal apply
nature of a spherical mirror which forms alength
Long Answer (LA Type Questions l/3 ti and
29 The image of an object placed at 60 cm in front of magnified virtual image of an object placed 18 cm i
a lens is obtained on a screen at a distance of 120 front ofit. (Ans. Focal length of convex mirtor
cm from it. Find the focal length of the lens. is + 9 cm)
What would be the height of the image, if the
object is 5 cm high? 33 (i) State and define the SIunit of power of a lens.
(Ans. + 120 cm, convex lens, Height of image is 10 cm) (ii) A convex lens of focal length 25 cm and a concave.
lens of focal length 10 cmare placed in close contact
30 (i) Two lenses have power of (a) +2D (b) 4D. with each other. Calculate the lens power of this
What is the nature and focal length of each combination.
lens?
(ii) An object is kept at adistance of 100 cm from 34 List the sign conventions that are followed in case of
each of the above lenses. refraction of light through spherical lenses. Draw a
Calculate the diagramn and apply these conventions in determining
the nature and focal length of a spherical lens which
(a)image distance and forms three times magnified real image of an
(b) magnification in cach of two cases.
(Ans. (i) (a) 50 cm, convex lens, (b) -25 cm, object placed l6 cm from the lens.
concave lens] [Ans. Focal length of convex lens is + 12 cm