NAME: OGUNRINOLA DAVID OMOTAYO
MATRIC NUMBER: 21/8038
DEPARTMENT: COMPUTER SCIENCE
LEVEL: 300
COURSE TITILE: SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
COURSE CODE: CSC311
SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 2 AND 3 OF THE PDF IN 4 PARAGRAPHS (2
FOR EACH CHAPTER)
CHAPTER 2
In system development, new computer systems are built to replace
existing manual systems. These new systems may be replaced by even
newer systems in the future to address challenges or opportunities that the
organisation faces. The system life cycle consists of steps such as system
analysis, design, programming, testing, conversion, and production and
maintenance. System analysis and design involves identifying application
areas and end users in order to select suitable solutions. This approach may
work for small businesses, but larger organisations often develop their own
systems or hire specialists to create information systems tailored to their
needs. System analysis also includes a feasibility study to determine if the
solution is achievable, as well as defining the specific information
requirements of the system. System design, or systems synthesis, assembles
the system’s components into a complete system that meets the information
requirements determined during analysis. It involves logical and physical
design specifications. Programming translates the design specifications into
program code for the computer system.
Testing is a crucial step to ensure that the system produces the desired
results. It includes unit testing, where each program is tested separately,
system testing to assess the functioning of the entire system, and
acceptance testing to certify the system for production. Conversion involves
changing from the old system to the new system. There are four major
conversion strategies: parallel strategy, where both systems run together for
a period; direct cutover strategy, where the new system replaces the old one
immediately; pilot study strategy, where the new system is introduced in a
limited area; and phased approach strategy, where the new system is
introduced in stages. Finally, in the production and maintenance stage, the
system is reviewed by end-users and technical specialists to evaluate its
performance and make any necessary changes. Overall, system
development encompasses various activities aimed at producing an
information system that addresses organisational challenges or problems.
These activities include system analysis, design, programming, testing,
conversion, and production and maintenance.
CHAPTER 3.
The chapter defines an information system as a collection of interrelated
components that collect, process, store, and distribute information within an
organisation. It also describes information systems as arrangements of
people, data, processes, and interfaces involved in daily business operations.
The chapter categories information systems as either formal or informal, with
formal systems being either computer-based or manual. The benefits of
information systems include faster data processing, instant distribution
through the internet, and new efficiencies in services. However, there are
also limitations, such as the potential elimination of jobs and privacy
concerns. Information systems play a crucial role in organisations by
providing tools for planning, forecasting, monitoring, and controlling
businesses.
They also enable organisations to become more flexible and restructure
workflows. To fully maximise the advantages of information systems,
organisations need to plan their information architecture and infrastructure.
There are six major types of information systems discussed in the chapter,
including Transaction Processing Systems, which collect and process daily
transactions. These systems have pre-specified functions and output formats
and are directly related to the organisation’s data structure. Any changes to
these systems require the intervention of information system specialists.