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Detecting Glucose Level Using IR Sensor

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17 views7 pages

Detecting Glucose Level Using IR Sensor

Uploaded by

noneofforme
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Detecting Glucose Level using IR Sensor

 Introduction
 Diabetes is a significant health challenge today, affecting millions of
people. According to the Indian Diabetic Association, around 63
million people in India have diabetes, a number expected to rise to
80 million by 2025. People with diabetes need to check their blood
glucose levels more than twice a day, which can be inconvenient and
painful due to finger pricking. This method not only poses a risk of
infection but also incurs costs for test strips and lancets, as each test
requires new supplies.
 Diabetes Mellitus is a major cause of death among non-
communicable diseases. Currently, most people use self-monitoring
glucose meters, which are invasive and involve drawing blood for
chemical analysis. This can lead to pain and discomfort from
repeated finger pricks.
 Non-invasive techniques for monitoring glucose levels are more
user-friendly and can reduce costs, as well as the physical and
emotional pain associated with invasive methods. However,
traditional invasive methods still face challenges such as the need for
specific pressure during scanning, variations in body tissues,
correlation errors, and issues with hardware sensitivity and stability.
 The proposed solution uses a near-infrared sensor to send and receive
signals from the forearm. By analyzing changes in the intensity of
the received signal, glucose levels can be estimated. The data can
then be sent to a mobile device for further analysis. This easy and
pain-free method of measuring blood glucose will help keep doctors
and patients informed about glucose levels

 Hardware Components
Photodiode: Detects the IR light reflected off
the skin and converts light into an electrical
signal.
Op-Amp (Operational Amplifier):
Amplifies the electrical signal from the
photodiode for enhanced processing.
### 2. Node MCU
- **Description:**
- A microcontroller with Wi-Fi capabilities
(ESP8266) that connects the device to the
internet.
- Allows programming of the sensor using
embedded C code via USB connection.

### 3. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)


- **Description:**
- Displays glucose readings in a user-friendly
format. Typically a 16x2 screen, showing two
lines of 16 characters each.

### 4. Power Supply


- **Description:**
- Converts AC (Alternating Current) to DC
(Direct Current) to power the device using a
rectifier, which consists of diodes.

## Software Components

### 1. Arduino IDE


- **Description:**
- An open-source software development
environment used to write and upload programs
to the Node MCU. It supports various hardware
components and interfaces.

### 2. Mobile Application


- **Description:**
- Developed using PHP and MySQL for backend
data storage and Android Studio for the
application interface.
- This app displays glucose levels graphically
and allows users to monitor their data remotely.

## Working Methodology

### Operation
1. When the system is powered on, the IR LED
emits infrared light.
2. If the surface (skin) is light-colored (like white),
it reflects most of the IR radiation. Conversely, a
dark surface (like black) absorbs the radiation.
3. The light reflected from the skin hits the
photodiode, which decreases in resistance as it
detects light. This results in a change in voltage,
which the Op-Amp amplifies.
4. The system compares this voltage to a
reference voltage:
- If it exceeds the threshold, it indicates a high
glucose level.
- Otherwise, it indicates a low glucose level.
5. Measurements occur every seven seconds,
and results are displayed on the LCD and sent to
the mobile app for further analysis.

## Conclusion
This prototype provides a convenient and less
invasive method for monitoring blood glucose
levels compared to traditional finger-pricking
techniques. It integrates various hardware and
software components to achieve accurate
glucose readings while ensuring user comfort.

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