Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.

1 (Set 2)

Name: ____________________ ( ) Class: Date:

Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

Objectives: 1 To find the discriminant of a quadratic equation and determine the nature of roots.
‚ To find the unknown / the range of values of the unknown, given the nature of roots
of a quadratic equation.

The discriminant ∆ of a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ¹ 0, is given by

∆ = b2 - 4ac.
Its value can determine the nature of roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0.

D>0 D=0 D<0

Two distinct real roots One double real root No real roots
(or two unequal real roots) (or two equal real roots) (or two nonreal roots)

For example: For example: For example:

Consider x2 + 5x + 2 = 0. Consider x2 + 4x + 4 = 0. Consider x2 + 3x + 7 = 0.
D = 52 - 4(1)(2) D = 42 - 4(1)(4) D = 32 - 4(1)(7)
= 17 =0 = -19
>0 ∴ The equation has one <0
∴ The equation has two double real root. ∴ The equation has no
distinct real roots. real roots.

1. Complete the following table.

Quadratic equation
ax2 + bx + c = 0 a b c Discriminant (∆ = b2 - 4ac)

(a) x2 + 2x - 5 = 0

(b) -36x2 + 12x - 1 = 0

(c) 8x2 + 3 = 4x

(d) 1 - x = -2x2

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Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

2. In each of the following, find the discriminant and hence determine the nature of roots.

(a) 3x2 + 7x - 4 = 0

(b) x2 = 10x - 25

(c) 3x2 + 5x + 8 = 1

3. Show that the quadratic equation -9x2 - 6x - 1 = 0 has real roots.

For a quadratic equation,

if ∆ > 0 or ∆ = 0 (i.e. ∆ ³ 0),
then the equation has real roots.

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Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

4. If the quadratic equation x2 – 8x – 2k = 0 has no real roots, find the range of values of k.

Demonstration
If the quadratic equation
x2 + 2x – k = 0 has two distinct real
roots, find the range of values of k.

Solution
∵ The equation has two distinct
real roots.
∴ ∆>0
(2)2 – 4(1)(–k) > 0
4 + 4k > 0
4k > –4
k > –1
∴ The range of values of k is k > –1.

5. If the quadratic equation 3x2 – px + 12 = 0 has one double real root, find p.

6. If the quadratic equation x2 - 8x + (5 + m) = 0 has real roots, find the range of values of m.

Demonstration
If the quadratic equation
5x2 + 10x + p = 0 has real roots, find
the range of values of p.

Solution
∵ The equation has real roots.
∴ ∆³0
(10) – 4(5)(p) ³ 0
2

100 – 20p ³ 0
–20p ³ –100
p£5
∴ The range of values of p is p £ 5.

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Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

7. If the quadratic equation x2 + kx - k = –3 has two equal real roots, find k.

8. If the quadratic equation 2x2 + 5h = 3x + 4 has two unequal real roots, find the range of values of
h.

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Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

Try More
9. The quadratic equation 4x2 – 3x + k(1 – x) = 0 has one double real root.
(a) Find k.
(b) When k takes up the smaller value in (a), solve the equation.

EPH Secondary Mathematics 5 © Educational Publishing House

Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

Name: ____________________ ( ) Class: Date:

Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 3)

Objectives: 1 To find the discriminant of a quadratic equation and determine the nature of roots.
‚ To find the unknown / the range of values of the unknown, given the nature of roots
of a quadratic equation.

The discriminant ∆ of a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ¹ 0, is given by

∆ = b2 - 4ac.
Its value can determine the nature of roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0.

D>0 D=0 D<0

Two distinct real roots One double real root No real roots
(or two unequal real roots) (or two equal real roots) (or two nonreal roots)

For example: For example: For example:

Consider x2 + 5x + 2 = 0. Consider x2 + 4x + 4 = 0. Consider x2 + 3x + 7 = 0.
D = 52 - 4(1)(2) D = 42 - 4(1)(4) D = 32 - 4(1)(7)
= 17 =0 = -19
>0 ∴ The equation has one <0
∴ The equation has two double real root. ∴ The equation has no
distinct real roots. real roots.

1. In each of the following, find the discriminant and hence determine the nature of roots.
(a) 6x2 + x + 7 = 0

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Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

(b) x2 – 5x – 3 = 3x

(c) x(5 – 4x) = 25 – 15x

2. If the quadratic equation 3kx2 – 7x + 7 = 0 has no real roots, find the range of values of k.

EPH Secondary Mathematics 7 © Educational Publishing House

Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

3. If the quadratic equation 16x2 + 6x – p + 3 = 0 has two unequal real roots, find the range of values
of p.

4. If the quadratic equation x2 – 2(k – 1)x = –k2 has one double real root, find k.

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Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

5. The quadratic equation 2x2 – 8 = 6x + h has real roots. If h is an integer, find the minimum value
of h.

6. The quadratic equation x2 + k(x + 5) = 16 has two equal real roots.

(a) Find k.

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Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

(b) Solve the equation for each value of k found in (a).

7. The quadratic equation x2 = (–2x – k)(k + 4) has two unequal real roots. When k takes up the
minimum integral value, solve the equation.
(Leave the answers in surd form if necessary.)

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Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

8. It is given that the quadratic equation 18x – x2 = k has real roots, where k is a constant.
(a) Find the range of values of k.
(b) Suppose that the quadratic equation (x - 9)2 + h = 81 has no real roots, where h is a constant.
Using the result of (a), find the range of values of h.

9. Let p be a real number. Someone claims that the quadratic equation -2x2 + (p - 4)x + p + 5 = 0
has two distinct real roots. Do you agree? Explain your answer.

EPH Secondary Mathematics 11 © Educational Publishing House

Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

Name: ____________________ ( ) Class: Date:

Lesson Worksheet 2.2 (Set 3)

Objective: To form quadratic equations with given roots.

If the roots of a quadratic equation are given, we can reverse the process of the factor method
to form the quadratic equation.

Solve x2 - 3x + 2 = 0 by the factor Form a quadratic equation in x with roots

method. 1 and 2.
x2 - 3x + 2 = 0 x=1 or x=2
(x - 1)(x - 2) = 0 x-1=0 or x-2=0
x-1=0 or x-2=0 (x - 1)(x - 2) = 0
x=1 or x=2 x2 - 3x + 2 = 0

Solving an equation

x2 - 3x + 2 = 0 x = 1 or x = 2

Forming an equation

1. Form a quadratic equation in x with roots -6 and -10, and write the equation in the general form.

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Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

3 4
2. Form a quadratic equation in x with roots - and , and write the equation in the general form.
4 3

5
3. Form a quadratic equation in x with roots a and - , where a is a non-zero constant, and write
a
the equation in the general form.

EPH Secondary Mathematics 13 © Educational Publishing House

Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

4. (a) Solve 2x2 - 5x - 3 = 0.

(b) Form a quadratic equation in x whose roots are less than the roots of the equation in (a) by 1.

5. Form a quadratic equation in x whose roots are 3 times the roots of the quadratic equation

3x2 + 5x - 28 = 0.

EPH Secondary Mathematics 14 © Educational Publishing House

Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

Name: ____________________ ( ) Class: Date:

Lesson Worksheet 2.2 (Set 2)

Objective: To form quadratic equations with given roots.

If the roots of a quadratic equation are given, we can reverse the process of the factor method
to form the quadratic equation.

Solve x2 - 3x + 2 = 0 by the factor Form a quadratic equation in x with roots

method. 1 and 2.
x2 - 3x + 2 = 0 x=1 or x=2
(x - 1)(x - 2) = 0 x-1=0 or x-2=0
x-1=0 or x-2=0 (x - 1)(x - 2) = 0
x=1 or x=2 x2 - 3x + 2 = 0

Solving an equation

x2 - 3x + 2 = 0 x = 1 or x = 2

Forming an equation

1. Form a quadratic equation in x with roots -2 and 8, and write the equation in the general form.

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Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

2. Form a quadratic equation in x with roots 1 and 5, and write the equation in the general form.
2

Demonstration
Form a quadratic equation in x with
roots - 1 and 2, and write the equation
3
in the general form.

Solution

x= -
1 or x=2
3
3x = -1 or x - 2 = 0
3x + 1 = 0 or x - 2 = 0
(3x + 1)(x - 2) = 0
3x2 - 5x - 2 = 0
∴ The required equation is
3x2 - 5x - 2 = 0.

3. Form a quadratic equation in x with roots - 2 and -4, and write the equation in the general form.
3

EPH Secondary Mathematics 16 © Educational Publishing House

Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

3
4. Form a quadratic equation in x with roots and - 1 , and write the equation in the general form.
2 3

Try More
1
5. Form a quadratic equation in x with roots -1 and , where a is a non-zero constant, and write
a
the equation in the general form.

EPH Secondary Mathematics 17 © Educational Publishing House

 Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

Name: ____________________ ( ) Class: Date:

NF Lesson Worksheet 2.3 (Set 2)

Objectives: 1 To understand the sum and the product of roots of a quadratic equation.
2 To form quadratic equations using the sum and the product of roots.

1 If a and b are the roots of a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ¹ 0, then

b
sum of roots = a + b = - ; Note that
a
(x - a)(x - b) = 0 ax2 + bx + c = 0
c
product of roots = ab = . x2 - (a + b) + ab = 0
a x2 + b x + c = 0
a a

Find the sum of roots and the product of roots for each of the following quadratic equations. (1 - 4)
1. x2 + 6x - 12 = 0 2. 2x2 - 8x + 5 = 0

3. -3x2 + x + 9 = 0 4. 4x - 2x2 = 1

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Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

5. If the product of the roots of the quadratic equation -x2 + 8x - 4h = 0 is 16, find h.

Demonstration
If the product of the roots of the
quadratic equation x2 + 6x + k - 3 = 0 is
2, find k.

Solution
Product of roots = 2

k -3
=2
1
k-3=2
k=5

6. If the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation 3x2 - (p + 1)x + 7 = 0 is -5, find p.

7. If the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation 4x2 - 2qx + q - 1 = 0 is 3, find
(a) q,

(b) the product of the roots.

Demonstration
If the sum of the roots of the quadratic
equation x2 + (k - 4)x + 2k = 0 is 6, find
(a) k,
(b) the product of the roots.

Solution
(a) Sum of roots = 6
k -4
- =6
1
k - 4 = -6
k = -2
2( -2)
(b) Product of roots =
1
= -4

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Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

8. It is given that the product of the roots of the quadratic equation (r - 2)x2 + 10x - 3r = 0 is -6,
where r ¹ 2. Find
(a) r,
(b) the sum of the roots.

9. If a and b are the roots of the quadratic equation x2 - 6x - 9 = 0, find the values of the following.

a +b
(a) (b) a2b 2
3
Demonstration
1 1 If a and b are the roots of the quadratic
(c) + equation x2 + 5x + 3 = 0, find the values
a b
of the following.
(a) 4a + 4b
(b) a2b + ab 2
Solution
For the equation x2 + 5x + 3 = 0,
5
a + b = - = -5
1
3
ab = = 3
1
(a) 4a + 4b = 4(a + b)
= 4(-5)
= -20
(b) a2b + ab 2 = ab (a + b )
= 3(-5)
= -15

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Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

10. If a and b are the roots of the quadratic equation 2x2 - 8x + 3 = 0, find the values of the following.
(a) a2 + 2ab + b 2 (b) a2 + b 2
‡
a + 2ab + b 2 = (__________)2
2

11. If a and 3a are the roots of the quadratic equation -3x2 + 12x + k = 0, find k.

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 Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

If the roots of a quadratic equation are a and b, the equation can be written as
2 x2 - (a + b)x + ab = 0
i.e. x2 - (sum of roots)x + (product of roots) = 0

12. By using the sum and the product of roots, form a quadratic equation in x with roots - 14 and 14 .
(Write the equation in the general form.)
Demonstration
By using the sum and the product of
roots, form a quadratic equation in x
with roots 6 and - 6 .
(Write the equation in the general
form.)

Solution
Sum of roots = 6 + (- 6)
=0
Product of roots = 6 ´ (- 6)
= -6
∴ The required equation is
x2 - 6 = 0.

13. Form a quadratic equation in x with roots 3 + 5 and 3 - 5 .

(Write the equation in the general form.)

EPH Secondary Mathematics 22 © Educational Publishing House

Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

14. If a and b are the roots of the quadratic equation x2 + 6x + 3 = 0,

(a) find a + b and ab ,
(b) form a quadratic equation in x with roots 4a and 4b.
(Write the equation in the form ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b and c are integers.)

15. If a and b are the roots of the quadratic equation x2 + 8x - 10 = 0, form a quadratic equation in x
5 5
with roots and . (Write the equation in the form ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b and c are integers.)
a b

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Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

Try More
16. It is given that a and b are the roots of the quadratic equation x2 - kx - 3k + 1 = 0.
(a) Express a + b and ab in terms of k.
(b) If a2 + b 2 = 5, find k.

EPH Secondary Mathematics 24 © Educational Publishing House

 Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

Name: ____________________ ( ) Class: Date:

NF Lesson Worksheet 2.3 (Set 3)

Objectives: 1 To understand the sum and the product of roots of a quadratic equation.
2 To form quadratic equations using the sum and the product of roots.

1 If a and b are the roots of a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ¹ 0, then

b
sum of roots = a + b = - ; Note that
a
(x - a)(x - b) = 0 ax2 + bx + c = 0
c
product of roots = ab = . x2 - (a + b) + ab = 0 b c
a x2 + x+ =0
a a

Find the sum of roots and the product of roots for each of the following quadratic equations. (1 - 2)
1. 2x2 - 11x + 8 = 0 2. 3 - 4x2 = 12x

3. It is given that the sum and the product of the roots of the quadratic equation rx2 + 4x + s = 0 are
4
and -2 respectively, where r ¹ 0. Find r and s.
5

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Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

4. It is given that the product of the roots of the quadratic equation px2 + (p + 7)x = 18 is -3, where
p ¹ 0. Find
(a) p,
(b) the sum of the roots.

1
5. It is given that the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation (4x + 3)(kx - 5) = k is , where
4
k ¹ 0. Find the product of the roots.

EPH Secondary Mathematics 26 © Educational Publishing House

Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

6. If a and b are the roots of the quadratic equation 2x2 - 9x + 8 = 0, find the values of the following.
2 2
(a) + (b) (4 - a)(4 - b)
a b

ìa 2 = 6a + 3
7. If a ¹ b and ïí , find the values of
ïî b = 6 b + 3
2

(a) a2 + b 2, (b) (a - b)2.

EPH Secondary Mathematics 27 © Educational Publishing House

Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

8. Let k be a constant. If a and b are the roots of the quadratic equation 4x2 + 2x - k = 0, express
2a2 - b in terms of k.

9. It is given that a and b are the roots of the quadratic equation x2 + (k - 1)x + k - 2 = 0, where k is
a constant. If a - b = -5, find k.

EPH Secondary Mathematics 28 © Educational Publishing House

 Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

If the roots of a quadratic equation are a and b, the equation can be written as
2 x2 - (a + b)x + ab = 0
i.e. x2 - (sum of roots)x + (product of roots) = 0

10. Form a quadratic equation in x with roots -4 + 6 and -4 - 6 .

(Write the equation in the general form.)

11. If a and b are the roots of the quadratic equation 4x2 + 9x - 16 = 0, form a quadratic equation in x
with roots a + 1 and b + 1.
(Write the equation in the form ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b and c are integers.)

EPH Secondary Mathematics 29 © Educational Publishing House

Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

12. If a and b are the roots of the quadratic equation x2 - 5x - 20 = 0, form a quadratic equation in x
with each of the following pairs of roots.
(a) a2, b 2
a b
(b) ,
b a
(Write the equation in the form ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b and c are integers.)

EPH Secondary Mathematics 30 © Educational Publishing House

 Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

Name: ____________________ ( ) Class: Date:

Lesson Worksheet 2.4 (Set 2)

Objectives: 1 To classify numbers according to the real number system.
2 To convert recurring decimals into fractions.
3 To recognize imaginary numbers and complex numbers.

1 Real Number System

The relationship between different types of numbers under the real number system is shown below.

Real numbers

Rational numbers Irrational numbers

p Numbers which cannot be expressed
Numbers which can be expressed as ,
q p
as , where p and q are integers
where p and q are integers and q ¹ 0. q
and q ¹ 0.
e.g. - 5 , 2 , p.

Integers
Numbers that can be
expressed as fractions
(excluding integers)
Positive integers Zero Negative integers 1 17 • 5
e.g. - , 1.7 = , 0.5 = .
(Natural numbers) i.e. 0 e.g. -1, -2, -3, … 4 10 9
e.g. 1, 2, 3, …

1. Determine whether each of the following statements is true (T) or false (F).
8
(a) - is an integer. _____
4
(b) 16 is a natural number. _____
(c) 7p - 1 is a rational number. _____
• •
(d) 3.25 is an irrational number. _____

(e) -10 is not a real number. _____

EPH Secondary Mathematics 31 © Educational Publishing House

 Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

2. Consider the following numbers:

• 2
14, - 12 , 0, 2.3 , 1.08, -7 , , p + 10
5
Complete the following table.

(a) Natural number

(b) Rational number

(c) Irrational number

(d) Real number

2 All fractions can be expressed as terminating decimals or recurring decimals.

e.g. (i) Terminating Decimals (ii) Recurring Decimals
7 1
= 0.7 = 0.333 333…
10 3
•

0.7 is a terminating = 0.3

decimal.
is a recurring
decimal.
All terminating decimals and recurring decimals can be converted to fractions.

3. Convert the following recurring decimals into fractions.

•
(a) 2.4 Demonstration
•
Convert 0.6 into a fraction.

Solution
•
Let x = 0.6 .
Then x = 0.666 666… ……(1)
10x = 6.666 666… ……(2)
(2) - (1): 9x = 6
2
x=
3
• 2
∴ 0.6 =
3

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Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

•
(b) 0.27

• •
(c) 1.36
Demonstration
• •
Convert 0.81 into a fraction.

Solution
• •
Let x = 0.81 .
Then x = 0.818 181… ……(1)
100x = 81.818 181… ……(2)
(2) - (1): 99x = 81
9
x=
11
• • 9
∴ 0.81 =
11

• •
(d) 4.7 2

EPH Secondary Mathematics 33 © Educational Publishing House

 Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

(a) Imaginary Unit

3 The imaginary unit i is defined as follows:
i = -1
Note that i is not a real number.

(b) Imaginary Numbers

(i) An imaginary number is a number that can be written in the form bi,
where b is a real number with b ¹ 0 and i = -1 .
(ii) For any positive real number k,
-k = k ´ -1 = ki
(c) Pattern of Powers of i
i1 = i, i2 = -1, i3 = -i, i4 = 1
For any non-negative integer n,
i4n = 1; Note that i0 is defined as 1.

i4n + 1 = i1 = i;
i4n + 2 = i2 = -1;
i4n + 3 = i3 = -i.
(d) Complex Numbers
(i) A complex number is a number in the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and
i= -1 .
(ii) For a complex number a + bi, the real number a is called real part and the real number b
is called the imaginary part.

a + bi
real part imaginary part
(iii) For two complex numbers, if their real parts are equal and their imaginary parts are
equal, the two complex numbers are said to be equal.
If a = m and b = n, then a + bi = m + ni. The converse is also true.

4. Express each of the following numbers in the form bi, where b is a real number.
(a) -33
Demonstration
Express -11 in the form bi, where
b is a real number.

Solution
(b) - -64 -11 = 11 ´ -1
= 11i

EPH Secondary Mathematics 34 © Educational Publishing House

 Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

NF 5. Simplify each of the following expressions.

(a) i7 Demonstration
Simplify i10.

Solution
i10 = (i4)2 × i2
= (1)(-1)
= -1

(b) i13 (c) i20

6. Write down the real part and the imaginary part of each of the following complex numbers.

i
Complex number -i 2 - 4i 81 -1 + 7i +5 -6
2

Real part

Imaginary part

7. Find a and b for each of the following cases.

(a) 2a + 4i = -8 + (b – 1)i (b) a + bi = -9 - 25

‡
The real parts are equal and the imaginary
parts are equal.

EPH Secondary Mathematics 35 © Educational Publishing House

 Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

NF 8. Solve each of the following equations, and express the results in the form a + bi.

(a) x2 = -36 (b) 3x2 = -48

(c) x2 + 10 = 0 (d) 2x2 + 12 = 0

(e) (x + 3)2 = -7
Demonstration
Solve (x - 9)2 = -2 and express the
results in the form a + bi.

Solution
(x - 9)2 = -2
x - 9 = ± -2
x - 9 = ± 2i
x = 9 ± 2i

(f) (x - 5)2 + 4 = 0

EPH Secondary Mathematics 36 © Educational Publishing House

Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

Try More

9. Let z = -2k + k - 1, where k is a positive real number. If the imaginary part of z is 4, find k.

EPH Secondary Mathematics 37 © Educational Publishing House

 Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

Name: ____________________ ( ) Class: Date:

Lesson Worksheet 2.4 (Set 3)

Objectives: 1 To classify numbers according to the real number system.
2 To convert recurring decimals into fractions.
3 To recognize imaginary numbers and complex numbers.

1 Real Number System

The relationship between different types of numbers under the real number system is shown below.

Real numbers

Rational numbers Irrational numbers

p Numbers which cannot be expressed
Numbers which can be expressed as ,
q p
as , where p and q are integers
where p and q are integers and q ¹ 0. q
and q ¹ 0.
e.g. - 5 , 2 , p.

Integers
Numbers that can be
expressed as fractions
(excluding integers)
•
5
Positive integers Zero Negative integers e.g. - 1 , 1.7 = 17 , 0.5 = .
(Natural numbers) i.e. 0 e.g. -1, -2, -3, … 4 10 9
e.g. 1, 2, 3, …

1. Determine whether each of the following statements is true (T) or false (F). If it is false, give a
counter-example.

(a) All decimals can be converted into fractions. ____________________________

(b) All surds are real numbers. ____________________________

(c) The sum of two rational numbers is rational. ____________________________

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 Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

2. Consider the following numbers:

••
p
cos 60°, -4 , 0, - 15 , 0.21, 3.56, 4 + 36 ,
3.14
(a) Write down all the real numbers.

(b) Write down all the rational numbers.

(c) Write down all the irrational numbers.

2 All fractions can be expressed as terminating decimals or recurring decimals.

e.g. (i) Terminating Decimals (ii) Recurring Decimals
7 1
= 0.7 = 0.333 333…
10 3
•
= 0.3
0.7 is a terminating
decimal.
is a recurring
decimal.
All terminating decimals and recurring decimals can be converted to fractions.

3. Convert the following recurring decimals into fractions.

•
(a) 7.6

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Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

••
(b) 3.18

• •
(c) 1.0 27

• •
(d) 0.594

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 Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

(a) Imaginary Unit

3 The imaginary unit i is defined as follows:
i = -1
Note that i is not a real number.

(b) Imaginary Numbers

(i) An imaginary number is a number that can be written in the form bi,
where b is a real number with b ¹ 0 and i = -1 .
(ii) For any positive real number k,
-k = k ´ -1 = ki
(c) Pattern of Powers of i
i1 = i, i2 = -1, i3 = -i, i4 = 1
For any non-negative integer n,
i4n = 1; Note that i0 is defined as 1.

i4n + 1 = i1 = i;
i4n + 2 = i2 = -1;
i4n + 3 = i3 = -i.
(d) Complex Numbers
(i) A complex number is a number in the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and
i= -1 .
(ii) For a complex number a + bi, the real number a is called real part and the real number b
is called the imaginary part.

a + bi
real part imaginary part
(iii) For two complex numbers, if their real parts are equal and their imaginary parts are
equal, the two complex numbers are said to be equal.
If a = m and b = n, then a + bi = m + ni. The converse is also true.

4. Express each of the following numbers in the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers.

(a) 2 - -81 (b) -65 - 5

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 Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

NF 5. Simplify each of the following expressions.

(a) i34 (b) i65

(c) (-i)7 (d) (-i)13

6. Write down the real part and the imaginary part of each of the following complex numbers.

-64
(a) -25 + 10 (b) - 36 -
2

7. Let z = (x - 2) + (x + 9)i, where x is a real number. Find z for each of the following cases.
(a) z is a real number. (b) z is an imaginary number.

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 Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

NF 8. Solve each of the following equations, and express the results in the form a + bi.
(a) 5x2 + 75 = 0 (b) (x + 1)2 + 16 = 0

(c) x2 - 3x + 4 = 0 (d) x2 + 4x + 13 = 0

9. Consider the quadratic equation

2x2 - (k - 6)x – 4k = 0 ……(*)

It is given that the product of the roots of (*) is 6.

(a) Find k.
(b) Someone claims that all the roots of (*) are irrational numbers. Do you agree? Explain your
answer.

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 Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

Name: ____________________ ( ) Class: Date:

NF Lesson Worksheet 2.5 (Set 2)

Objectives: 1 To perform addition and subtraction of complex numbers.
2 To perform multiplication of complex numbers.
3 To perform division of complex numbers.

1 (a) Addition of complex numbers

If a, b, m and n are real numbers, then
(a + bi) + (m + ni) = (a + m) + (b + n)i
(b) Subtraction of complex numbers
If a, b, m and n are real numbers, then
(a + bi) - (m + ni) = (a - m) + (b - n)i

1. Simplify the following and express the results in the form a + bi.

(a) (3 + 7i) + (5 - i)
Demonstration
Simplify (-3 + i) - (2 - 3i) and express the
result in the form a + bi.

Solution
(-3 + i) - (2 - 3i) = -3 + i - 2 + 3i
= (-3 - 2) + (1 + 3)i
= -5 + 4i

(b) (1 - 8i) - (-4 + 2i)

(c) 9 + (2 - 4i) - (6 + 3i) (d) (3 + i) - (7 - 5i) + 2i

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 Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

Multiplication of complex numbers

2 If a, m and n are real numbers, then

(i) (a)(m + ni) = am + ani Distributive law of multiplication

(ii) ai(m + ni) = (ai)(m) + (ai)(ni)

= ami + ani2
= ami + an(-1) i2 = -1

= -an + ami

2. Simplify the following and express the results in the form a + bi.

(a) 3i(5 + 3i) (b) (-7 + 9i)(-2i)

(c) (8 - 2i)(4 - i) Demonstration

Simplify (1 - 3i)(2 + i) and express the result
in the form a + bi.

Solution
(1 - 3i)(2 + i) = (1 - 3i)(2) + (1 - 3i)(i)
= 2 - 6i + i - 3i2
= 2 - 6i + i - 3(-1)
= (2 + 3) + (-6 + 1)i
= 5 - 5i

(d) (1 + 4i)(2 - 3i)

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 Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

(e) (2 + 5i)2
(a + b)2
=( )2 + 2( )( )+( )2

(f) (7 + 3i)(7 - 3i)

(a + b)(a – b)
=( )2 – ( )2

Division of complex numbers

3 To complete the division process, we should eliminate ‘i’ in the denominator.
(i) If the denominator is an imaginary number in the form ni, where n is a non-zero real number,
then
a + bi = a + bi i
´
ni ni i (ni)(i) = ni2 = -n
(ii) If the denominator is a complex number in the form m + ni, where m and n are non-zero real
numbers, then
a + bi = a + bi m - ni
´
m + ni m + ni m - ni (m + ni)(m - ni) = m2 - (ni)2 = m2 + n2

3. Simplify the following and express the results in the form a + bi.

(a) 9 - i (b) 2 + 6i
4i 10i

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Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

(c) 4 (d) 10i

3+i 1 - 2i

(e) 8-i Demonstration

2+i
Simplify and express the result in the

form a + bi.

Solution

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Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

1 - 5i
(f)
3 - 2i

4. Simplify the following and express the results in the form a + bi.
(a) 8(1 - 3i) + 2i(-4i) (b) 10 - (2 + i)(7 - 2i)

(3 - i)2 5
(c) (d) + 2i
6i 3 + 4i

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Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

Try More

5. Let u = k and v = k , where k is a real number. Simplify the following and express the
4 + 2i 4 - 2i
results in the form a + bi.
(a) uv
(b) u - v

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 Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

Name: ____________________ ( ) Class: Date:

NF Lesson Worksheet 2.5 (Set 3)

Objectives: 1 To perform addition and subtraction of complex numbers.
2 To perform multiplication of complex numbers.
3 To perform division of complex numbers.

1 (a) Addition of complex numbers

If a, b, m and n are real numbers, then
(a + bi) + (m + ni) = (a + m) + (b + n)i
(b) Subtraction of complex numbers
If a, b, m and n are real numbers, then
(a + bi) - (m + ni) = (a - m) + (b - n)i

1. Simplify the following and express the results in the form a + bi.

(a) (15 + 10i) - (9 + 5i) (b) (21 - 13i) + (-25 + 8i)

(c) (3 + 6i) - (-5 + 4i) + (-8 - 3i) (d) (12 - 6i) + (4 - 9i) - (7 - 14i)

2. In each of the following, k is a real number. Simplify the expression and express the result in the
form a + bi.

(a) (k + 4i) + ki (b) (3 + ki) - (k - 2ki)

Multiplication of complex numbers

2
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Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

If a, m and n are real numbers, then

(i) (a)(m + ni) = am + ani Distributive law of multiplication

(ii) ai(m + ni) = (ai)(m) + (ai)(ni)

= ami + ani2
= ami + an(-1) i2 = -1

= -an + ami

3. Simplify the following and express the results in the form a + bi.

(a) (4 + 7i)(3 - 2i) (b) (9 - 6i)(-4 - 8i)

(c) (10 - 2i)2 (d) (5 + 7i)(7i - 5)

4. In each of the following, k is a real number. Simplify the expression and express the result in the
form a + bi.

(a) (5 + 8i)(-3ki) (b) (2k + 3i)2

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 Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

3
Division of complex numbers
To complete the division process, we should eliminate ‘i’ in the denominator.
(i) If the denominator is an imaginary number in the form ni, where n is a non-zero real number,
then
a + bi = a + bi i
´
ni ni i (ni)(i) = ni2 = -n

(ii) If the denominator is a complex number in the form m + ni, where m and n are non-zero real
numbers, then
a + bi = a + bi m - ni
´
m + ni m + ni m - ni (m + ni)(m - ni) = m2 - (ni)2 = m2 + n2

5. Simplify the following and express the results in the form a + bi.
-16 + 4i 2i
(a) (b)
8i -1 + 7 i

8+i
(c) (d) 3 - 5i
2 - 3i 3 + 5i

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Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

6. In each of the following, k is a real number. Simplify the expression and express the result in the
form a + bi.
k k +i
(a) (b)
3+i 1 - ki

7. Simplify the following and express the results in the form a + bi.
2
(a) 11 - 9i + 2i (b) æç 5i ö÷
4i è 1 - 3i ø

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Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

i11 - 2i12 + 4i13 - 6i14

8. Find the real part of .
8i10

i4n = 1;
i4n + 1 = i1 = i;
i4n + 2 = i2 = -1;
i4n + 3 = i3 = -i.

9. Find the imaginary part of

i19 + 5 .
i3

3+ k
10. If k and k - are real numbers, find k.
2i

Rewrite it in the form a + bi first.

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Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (II) Lesson Worksheet 2.1 (Set 2)

10 r
11. If r and + i are real numbers, find r.
4 - 3i 5

mi
12. Let z = m + , where m is a real number. If the imaginary part of z is 8, find the real part of z.
2+i

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