UNIT-3-SEQUENTIAL LOGIC DESIGN

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Sequential Logic Design
UNIT 3: Sequential Logic Design

Computer Science Department: University of the People
CS 1105-01 - AY2025-T2
Altaf Din
December 06, 2024.
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a. In this project we are going to design a digital stop watch which utilizes
registers and counters in collaboration.
Our objective is to create a digital stop watch that can;

 Accurately track time
 Provide user interaction
 Display elapsed seconds and
 Allow pausing and resetting the clock
System Requirements: for this system to work accurately we will be using a combination of
Sequential circuits such as:
 Register
 Binary Counter
 Clock generator
and Combinational circuits such as :
 7-segement decoder
 Control Logic
 Display Unit
b. Here’s a complete Operational Workflow of the project
a. Initial State
 System powered on
 All components initialized
 Display shows 0
 Waiting for user interaction
b. Start Scenario
 When the User presses Start button

 Control logic enables counting
 Clock pulses trigger counter
 Counter increments
 Register captures counter value
 Display updates in real-time
c. We will start by implementing our inputs functionality and outline how

each component is utilized to achieve the desired result;
1. Control Logic (Inputs):

 This is the circuit to manage system state and handle button inputs
 Start/Stop Button: this will be a button that controls the counting process
 Clock Generator: this will provide consistent timing pulse for our counting
process and ensure precise time measurement.
 Reset Button: This will reset the stop watch counter to 0
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2. Binary Counter Functionality: Binary counters are circuits that generate binary
sequences that can be associated with the number of clock signal pulses applied to the
input. Ndjountche, T. (2016)
A Decade 4-bit Synchronous Counter is an excellent choice for this project, we will
use this because of advantages such as;
 Precise Counting
 It exactly tracks the 0-9 range we require
 It is a natural fit for seconds’ display
 Synchronous with clock signal
 It is simple to implement
 Minimizes time related errors
 Ideal for educational purposes.
 It also has a built-in reset mechanism
(“Electronics Tutorials”, nd).
 The purpose of the counter is to track elapsed time on each count.

Implementation:
 We will use a 4-bit Binary counter that counts from 0-9
 The counter increments on each clock pulse and Resets to 0 after reaching
9.
3. Register:
 The register’s purpose will be to store and preserve count value.
 We will utilize a Parallel Load Register due to its advantages such as;
 Direct 4-bit input loading

 Synchronous operation
 Easy reset functionality
 Ideal for storing counter value
 Provides stable display output

Implementation:
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 The register will store current counter value when the Control logic receives
signal states from clock.
 The register will also maintain the display state and allow continuity without
losing progress when the stop button is pressed.
Counter Value → Parallel Load Register → Display Decoder
4. 7-segement Decoder:
 To control the sequence of operation or the display of the numbers represented
by flip-flop states, a decoder must be associated with the counter.
Ndjountche, T. (2016)
 This is where the binary signals from the counter is converted to display
signals.
 It works by converting a 4-bit binary to 7-segement pattern
d. The digital stopwatch project effectively illustrates the application of

sequential circuits, registers, and counters. This is an overview of the
harmonizing perfection of this intricate digital circuit design of electrical
components.
 The Clock Generator serves as the fundamental heartbeat, producing a

consistent 1 Hz pulse that synchronizes the entire system's operations.
 Control Logic acts as the intelligent conductor, interpreting user
interactions through start/stop and reset buttons, managing the
stopwatch's operational states
 The Decade Counter emerges as the computational core, utilizing a 4-
bit binary design to methodically track elapsed time.
 The Parallel Load Register functions as the system's memory,
capturing and preserving the counter's current state, enabling seamless
pausing without losing progress.
 The 7-Segment Decoder translates binary data into human-readable
numeric representations,
 while Display Unit brings the intricate electronic processing to visual
display.
REFERENCES:
1. Ndjountche, T. (2016). Digital electronics 2: Sequential and arithmetic logic
circuits. John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated.
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2. Elector Tutorlas (nd) Synchronous Counter Retrieved from
https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/counter/count_3.html
3. Ndjountche, T. (2016). Digital electronics 2: Sequential and arithmetic logic
circuits. John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated. (p.2.6)

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Sequential Logic Design

UNIT 3: Sequential Logic Design

Our objective is to create a digital stop watch that can;

b. Here’s a complete Operational Workflow of the project

 When the User presses Start button

c. We will start by implementing our inputs functionality and outline how

1. Control Logic (Inputs):

(“Electronics Tutorials”, nd).

 The purpose of the counter is to track elapsed time on each count.

 Direct 4-bit input loading

Counter Value → Parallel Load Register → Display Decoder

d. The digital stopwatch project effectively illustrates the application of

 The Clock Generator serves as the fundamental heartbeat, producing a

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