Department of Software Engineering

Faculty of Engineering and Technology

University of Sindh

Class: BSSW Part 1 (Morning)

Semester: First Semester
Course: Programming Fundamentals
Full Name: Abdul QUDOOS
Roll No. 2K24/SWE/11

WEEK 1
 WEEK 2

EXERCISE 1:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int r;
cout<<"Enter the radius of the sphere: ";
cin>>r;
r=r*r*r;
float pi=3.14159;
float volume = 4 * pi * r/3;
cout<<"The volume of sphere is: "<<volume;
return 0;
}

OUTPUT:

EXERCISE 2:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int k;
cout<<"Enter temprature in Kelvin: ";
cin>>k;
float f=(k - 273.15) / 5 * 9 + 32;
cout<<"Temprature in Fahrenheit: "<<f;
return 0;
}
OUTPUT:

EXERCISE 3:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int sec;
cout<<"Enter the time in seconds: ";
cin>>sec;
int hours=sec/3600;
sec=sec-(3600*hours);
int min=sec/60;
sec=sec%60;
cout<<"Hours : "<<hours<<endl;
cout<<"Minutes : "<<min<<endl;
cout<<"Seconds : "<<sec;
return 0;
}
OUTPUT:

WEEK 3
EXERCISE 1:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
cout<<"\"Welcome\" is a String Constant \n"
<<"\'A\' is character constant\n"
<<"\\t is for new tab \n"
<<"\\n is for new line"; return 0;
}

OUTPUT:

EXERCISE 2 :

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int num1, num2;
cout<<"Enter first number: ";
cin>>num1;
cout<<"Enter second number: ";
cin>>num2;
cout<<num1<<" + "<<num2<<" = "<<num1+num2<<endl;
cout<<num1<<" - "<<num2<<" = "<<num1-num2<<endl;
cout<<num1<<" x "<<num2<<" = "<<num1*num2<<endl;
cout<<num1<<" / "<<num2<<" = "<<(float)num1/num2<<endl;
cout<<num1<<" % "<<num2<<" = "<<num1%num2<<endl;
return 0;
}

OUTPUT:
EXERCISE 3 :

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int num1,num2,num3,sum;
cout<<"Enter three number: ";
cin>>num1;
cin>>num2;
cin>>num3;
sum=num1+num2+num3;
cout<<"Sum = "<<sum<<"\n Average = "<<sum/3;
return 0;
}

OUTPUT :

EXERCISE 4 :

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int initialSpeed;
int acc;
int time;
cout<<"Enter the initial speed of the car (m/s): ";
cin>>initialSpeed;
cout<<"Enter the acceleration of the car (m/s\xFD): ";
cin>>acc;
cout<<"Enter the time traveled (s): ";
cin>>time;
int timeSquare=time*time;
float distance = initialSpeed * time + 0.5 * acc * timeSquare;
cout<<"TOTAL DISTANCE COVERED BY CAR: "<<distance;
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :

WEEK 4

EXERICE 1 :

#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
int main(){
float a;
float b;
cout<<"----------------------------------------------\n";
cout<<"Please do not enter Zero or any negative value.\n";
cout<<"----------------------------------------------\n";
cout<<"Enter first value : ";
cin>>a;
cout<<"Enter second value: ";
cin>>b;
// formula to calculate area
double area= 0.5 * b * (sqrt( pow(a,2) - pow(b,2) / 4));
cout<<"Area : "<<area;
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :

EXERCISE 2 :

#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int radius;
cout<<"Enter the radius(1/2 of diameter) of a circle: ";
cin>>radius;
float area=M_PI * pow(radius,2);
float cir=2*M_PI * radius;
cout<<"The area of the circle is: "<<area<<endl;
cout<<"The circumference of the circle is: "<<cir;
return 0;
}

OUTPUT:

WEEK 5

EXERCISE 1 :
#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
int main(){
for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
cout<<pow(7,i)<<" ";
return 0;
}

OUTPUT :

EXERCISE 2 :

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
// temp variable for storing num value, as it will be equal to zero in the end.
int num, sum, temp;
cout<<"Enter a number: ";
cin>>num;
temp=num;
while(num!=0){
sum+=num%10;
num/=10;
}
cout<<"The sum of digits of "<<temp<<" is "<<sum;
}

OUTPUT :
EXERCISE 3 :

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int num;
cout<<"Enter a number to calculate Factorial: ";
cin>>num;
int temp=1;
for(int i=num;i>=1;i--){
cout<<i<<" x ";
temp*=i;
}
/* Here we use \b\b\b to erase the last " x " from the output.
\b is a backspace character that moves the cursor back one position.
Using it three times moves the cursor back over the last " x " we printed.*/
cout<<"\b\b\b";
cout<<" = "<<temp;
return 0;
}

OUTPUT :

EXERCISE 4 :

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int table,start,end;
cout<<"Enter table number: ";
cin>>table;
cout<<"Enter starting value: ";
cin>>start;
cout<<"Enter ending value: ";
cin>>end;
for(int i=start;i<=end;i++){
cout<<table<<" * "<<i<<" = "<<table*i<<endl;
}
return 0;
}

OUTPUT :

WEEK 6

EXERCISE 1 :

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int day;
cout<<"Input day number(1-7): ";
cin>>day;
switch(day){
case 1:cout<<"Monday"; break;
case 2:cout<<"Tuesday"; break;
case 3:cout<<"Wednesday"; break;
case 4:cout<<"Thrusday"; break;
case 5:cout<<"Friday"; break;
case 6:cout<<"Saturday"; break;
case 7:cout<<"Sunday"; break;
default: cout<<"Please input valid day number.";
}
}

OUTPUT :

EXERCISE 2 :

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int month;
cout << "Enter month number (1-12): ";
cin >> month;
switch(month) {
case 1:
case 3:
case 5:
case 7:
case 8:
case 10:
case 12:
cout << "Total number of days = 31" << endl;
break;
case 4:
case 6:
case 9:
case 11:
cout << "Total number of days = 30" << endl;
break;
case 2:
cout << "Total number of days = 28" << endl;
break;
default:
cout << "Invalid month number!" << endl;
}
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :

EXERCISE 3 (SWITCH METHOD) :

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
char ch;
// Input character
cout << "Enter a character: ";
cin >> ch;
switch(ch) {
case 'a':
case 'e':
case 'i':
case 'o':
case 'u':
case 'A':
case 'E':
case 'I':
case 'O':
case 'U':
cout << "'" << ch << "' is a vowel" << endl;
break;
default:
cout << "'" << ch << "' is a consonant" << endl;
}
return 0;
}

EXERCISE 3 (IF ELSE METHOD) :

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
char ch;
cout << "Enter an alphabet: ";
cin >> ch;
if(ch == 'a' || ch == 'e' || ch == 'i' || ch == 'o' || ch == 'u' ||
ch == 'A' || ch == 'E' || ch == 'I' || ch == 'O' || ch == 'U') {
cout << "'" << ch << "' is a vowel." << endl;
}
else if((ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z') || (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z')) {
cout << "'" << ch << "' is a consonant." << endl;
}
else {
cout << "Invalid input. Please enter an alphabet." << endl;
}
return 0;
}

OUTPUT :
Trying different outputs here.
EXERCISE 4 :

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int count=0;
for (int i = 129; i <= 255; ++i) {
if(count==8){
count=0;
cout<<endl;
}
cout << setw(5) << i << setw(5) << (char)(i) << setw(5);
count++;
}
cout << endl;
return 0;
}

OUTPUT :
 WEEK 7

EXERCISE 1 :

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
char ch;
cout << "Input character: ";
cin.get(ch);
if (ch == '\n') {
cout << "Exit";
return 0;
}
if ((ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z') || (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z'))
cout << "'" << ch << "' is alphabet";
else if (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9')
cout << "'" << ch << "' is a number";
else
cout << "'" << ch << "' is special character";
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :

EXERCISE 2 :

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int rows=10;
for (int i = 1; i <=rows ; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <=i ; j++) {
cout<<"<";
}
cout<<" - ";
for (int k = rows-i; k>=0 ; k--) {
cout<<">";
cout<<endl;
}
return 0;
}

OUTPUT :
EXERCISE 3 :

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
for (int i = 1; i <=5 ; i++) {
for (int j =5; j >=i ; j--) {
cout<<" ";
}
for (int r = 1; r <=i ; r++) {
cout<<"*";
}
for (int l = 2; l <=i ; l++) {
cout<<"*";
}
cout<<endl;
}
return 0;
}

OUTPUT :

EXERCISE 4 :

#include<iostream>
#include<conio.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{ int num,unit,tens;
do{
cout<<endl <<"Enter the number(1-99): ";
cin>>num;
if (num < 1 || num > 99) {
cout << "Number out of range, please enter a number between 1 and 99." << endl;
continue;
}
unit=num % 10;
tens=num / 10;
switch (tens)
{ case 1:
switch(unit)

{
case 0:cout<<"Ten"; break;
case 1:cout<<"Eleven"; break;
case 2:cout<<"Twelve"; break;
case 3:cout<<"Thirteen"; break;
case 4:cout<<"Fourteen"; break;
case 5:cout<<"Fifteen"; break;
case 6:cout<<"Sixteen"; break;
case 7:cout<<"Seventeen"; break;
case 8:cout<<"Eighteen"; break;
case 9:cout<<"Ninteen"; break;
}break;
case 2:cout<<"Twenty"; break;
case 3:cout<<"Thirty"; break;
case 4:cout<<"Fourty"; break;
case 5:cout<<"Fifty"; break;
case 6:cout<<"Sixty"; break;
case 7:cout<<"Seventy"; break;
case 8:cout<<"Eighty"; break;
case 9:cout<<"Ninty"; break;
}
switch(tens)
{ case 1: cout<<""; break;
default:
switch(unit)
{
case 1:cout<<" One"; break;
case 2:cout<<" Two"; break;
case 3:cout<<" Three"; break;
case 4:cout<<" Four"; break;
case 5:cout<<" Five"; break;
case 6:cout<<" Six"; break;
case 8:cout<<" Eight"; break;
case 9:cout<<" Nine"; break;
} break;
}
}while(num != '\r' );
return 0;
}

OUTPUT :

WEEK 8

EXERCISE 1 :

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int a[5];
int sum = 0;
float average;
cout << "Enter 5 integers:" << endl;
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
cout << "Enter element " << i+1 << ": ";
cin >> a[i];
sum += a[i];
}
// Calculate the average of the elements
average = (float) (sum) / 5;
cout << "The sum of the elements is: " << sum << endl;
return 0;
}

OUTPUT :

EXERCISE 2 :

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int size;
cout<<"Enter the size of array: ";
cin>>size;
int a[size];
// Take input for the array elements from the user
cout << "Enter " << size << " integers:" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
cout << "Enter element " << i + 1 <<": ";
cin >> a[i];
}
// Initialize the smallest variable to the first element of the array
int smallest = a[0];
// Find the smallest element in the array
for (int i = 1; i < size; i++) {
if (a[i] < smallest) {
smallest = a[i];
}
}
// Print the smallest element
cout << "The smallest element in the array is: " << smallest << endl;
return 0;
}

OUTPUT :

EXERCISE 3 :

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int matrix1[3][3], matrix2[3][3], result[3][3];
// Input for first matrix
cout << "Input elements in the first matrix:" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; ++j) {
cout << "[" << i << "][" << j << "] : ";
cin >> matrix1[i][j];
}
}
// Input for second matrix
cout << "Input elements in the second matrix:" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; ++j) {
cout << "[" << i << "][" << j << "] : ";
cin >> matrix2[i][j];
}
}
// Addition of two matrices
for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {

for (int j = 0; j < 3; ++j) {

result[i][j] = matrix1[i][j] + matrix2[i][j];
}
}
// Displaying the result
cout << "The First matrix is :" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; ++j) {
cout << matrix1[i][j] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
cout << "The Second matrix is :" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; ++j) {
cout << matrix2[i][j] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
cout << "The Addition of two matrices is :" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; ++j) {
cout << result[i][j] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
return 0;
}

OUTPUT :

WEEK 9

EXERCISE 1 :
#include <iostream>
#include <ctype.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {
string regNumber;
while (true) {
cout << "Enter car registration number: ";
cin >> regNumber;
// Check if the length is exactly 6 characters
if (regNumber.length() != 6) {
cout << "Sorry, Enter again" << endl;
continue;
}
// Check if the first three characters are alphabetic
bool valid = true;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
if (!isalpha(regNumber[i])) {
valid = false;
break;
}
}
// Check if the last three characters are numeric
if (valid) {
for (int i = 3; i < 6; ++i) {
if (!isdigit(regNumber[i])) {
valid = false;
break;
}
}
}
if (valid) {
cout << "Registration Number Verified" << endl;
break;
} else {
cout << "Sorry, Enter again" << endl;
}
}
return 0;
}

OUTPUT :
EXERCISE 2 :

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
string url;
cout << "Enter URL: ";
cin >> url;
if (url.substr(0, 4) == "www." && url.substr(url.length() - 4, 4) == ".com") {
// Extract the name of the site
string siteName = url.substr(4, url.length() - 8); // Removing "www." and ".com"
cout << "Name of Site: " << siteName << endl;
} else {
cout << "Invalid URL. Please enter a URL that starts with 'www.' and ends with
'.com'" << endl;
}
return 0;
}

OUTPUT :
 WEEK 10

EXERCISE 1 :

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// Function to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius
double fahrenheitToCelsius(double fahrenheit) {
return (fahrenheit - 32) * 5.0 / 9.0;
}
int main() {
double fahrenheit;
cout << "Enter Temperature in Fahrenheit: ";
cin >> fahrenheit;
double celsius = fahrenheitToCelsius(fahrenheit);
cout << "Temperature in Celsius is: " << celsius << endl;
return 0;
}

OUTPUT :

EXERCISE 2 :

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// Function to convert hours, minutes, and seconds to total seconds
long hms_to_secs(int hours, int minutes, int seconds) {
return hours * 3600 + minutes * 60 + seconds;
}
int main() {
int hours, minutes, seconds;
while (true) {
cout << "Enter Hours: ";
cin >> hours;
if (hours < 0 || hours > 24) {
cout << "Wrong Value, Renter" << endl;
continue;
}
cout << "Enter Min: ";
cin >> minutes;
if (minutes < 0 || minutes >= 60) {
cout << "Wrong Value, Renter" << endl;
continue;
}
cout << "Enter Sec: ";
cin >> seconds;
if (seconds < 0 || seconds >= 60) {
cout << "Wrong Value, Renter" << endl;
continue;
}
long totalSeconds = hms_to_secs(hours, minutes, seconds);
cout << "The Value in Seconds is: " << totalSeconds << endl;
break;
}
cout << "Exiting Program" << endl;
return 0;
}

OUTPUT :
EXERCISE 3 :

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring> // For strlen()
using namespace std;
// Function to reverse a C-string
void reversit(char str[]) {
int length = strlen(str);
for (int i = 0; i < length / 2; ++i) {
// Swap the characters
char temp = str[i];
str[i] = str[length - 1 - i];
str[length - 1 - i] = temp;
}
}
int main() {
const int MAX_LENGTH = 100;
char str[MAX_LENGTH];
cout << "Enter a string: ";
cin.getline(str, MAX_LENGTH);
reversit(str);
cout << "Reversed string: " << str << endl;
return 0;
}

OUTPUT :