Adonis V.

Garces
IT Faculty [Part Time]
Consider the implications of using digital video
in multimedia.
Discuss video recording and how it relates to
multimedia production.
Prepare digital video and images for conversion
to television.
Prepare for shooting and editing video for use in
multimedia.
Select the best video recording formats for your
multimedia project.
Begin preparing video for the Web and CD-
ROM.
Using video.
How video works?
Broadcast video standards.
Analog video.
Digital video.
Video recording and tape formats.
Shooting and editing video.
Optimizing video files for CD-ROM.
Video is an excellent tool for delivering
multimedia.
Video places the highest performance
demand on computer and its memory and
storage.
Digital video has replaced analog as the
method of choice for making and delivering
video for multimedia.
Digital video device produces excellent
finished products at a fraction of the cost of
analog.
Digital video eliminates the image-degrading
analog-to-digital conversion.
Many digital video sources exist, but getting
the rights can be difficult, time-consuming,
and expensive.
Light reflected from an object through the
camera’s lens is converted into electronic
signal by charge-coupled device (CCD).
This electronic signal contains three channels
of color information and synchronization
pulses (sync).
Several video standards exist that deal with
the amount of separation between the
components of the signal.
National Television Standards Committee
(NTSC):
These standards define a method for encoding
information into electronic signal that creates a
television picture.
It has screen resolution of 525 horizontal scan
lines and a scan rate of 30 frames per second.
Phase Alternate Line (PAL) and Sequential Color

and Memory (SECAM):

▪ PAL has a screen resolution of 625 horizontal lines and a scan rate of 25 frames

per second.

▪ SECAM has a screen resolution of 625 horizontal lines and is a 50 Hz system.

▪ SECAM differs from NTSC and PAL color systems in its basic technology and

broadcast method.
Advanced Television Systems Committee
(ATSC) Digital Television (DTV):
▪ This digital standard provides TV stations with sufficient bandwidth to
present four or five Standard Television (STV) signals or one High Definition
TV (HDTV) signal.
▪ This standard allows for transmission of data to computers and for new
Advanced TV (ATV) interactive services.
Overscan and the safe title area:
Analog television sets remain the most widely
installed platforms for delivering and viewing
video.
Overscan occurs when an image is larger than the
standard TV screen.
Overscan and the safe title area (continued):
Underscan occurs when computer monitors
display a smaller image on picture tube.
The safe title area is where the image will not be
affected by overscanning, even in the worst
conditions.
Video color:

Television sets use composite input. Hence colors

are less pure and less accurate than computers

using RGB component.

NTSC television uses a limited color palette and

restricted luminance (brightness) levels and black

Video color (continued):
Some colors generated by a computer that
display fine on a RGB monitor may be illegal for
display on a NTSC TV.
While producing a multimedia project, consider
whether it will be played on a RGB monitor or a
conventional television set.
Interlacing effects:

In television, the electron beam makes two passes

on the screen while drawing a single video frame.

It first lays down all the odd-numbered lines, and

then all the even-numbered lines, hence they are

interlaced.
Text and titles for television and taking care of
analog tapes:
Titles for video productions can be created with
an analog character generator.
Computers can create titles digitally using video
and image-editing software.
New tapes should always be fast-forwarded to the
end and then rewound, to ensure even tape
tension.
Video clip stored on any mass-storage device
can be played back on a computer’s monitor
without special hardware.
Setting up a production environment for
making digital video, requires some hardware
specifications.
Some specifications include computer with
FireWire connection and cables, fast
processor, plenty of RAM, fast and big hard
disk.
Digital video architecture.
Digital video compression.
Digital video architecture consists of a format
for encoding and playing back video files by a
computer.
Architecture includes a player that can
recognize and play files created for that
format.
Digital video compression schemes or codecs
is the algorithm used to compress (code) a
video for delivery.
The codec then decodes the compressed
video in real-time for fast playback.
Streaming audio and video starts playback as
soon as enough data has transferred to the
user’s computer to sustain this playback.
MPEG is a real-time video compression
algorithm.
MPEG-4 includes numerous multimedia
capabilities and is a preferred standard.
MPEG-7 (or Multimedia Content Description
Interface) integrates information about
motion video elements with their use.
Composite analog video.
Component analog video.
Composite digital.
Component digital.
ATSC digital TV.
Composite video combines the luminance
and chroma information from the video
signal.
Composite video produces lowest quality
video and is most susceptible to generation
loss.
Generation loss is the loss of quality that
occurs while moving from original footage to
editing master to copy.
Component video separates the luminance

and chroma information.

It improves the quality of the video and

decreases generation loss.

In S-video, color and luminance information

are kept on two separate tracks (Y/C) to

Composite digital recording formats combine
the luminance and chroma information.
They sample the incoming waveforms and
encode the information in binary (0/1) digital
code.
It improves color and image resolution and
eliminates generation loss.
Component digital formats add the

advantages of component signals to digital

recording.

D-1 component digital format is an

uncompressed format which has a very high

quality image.
These standards provide for digital STV and
HDTV recordings that can be broadcast by
digital TV transmitters to digital TV receivers.
ATSC standards also provide for enhanced TV
bringing the interactivity of multimedia and
the Web to broadcast television.
Import video and sound at the highest
resolution and with the least amount of
compression possible.
Resolution should be reduced and footage
must be compressed later according to the
requirements.
A steady shooting platform should always be
used.
Good and even lighting is extremely
important.
Blue screen in digital video editing
applications is a popular technique for
making multimedia.
Wide panoramic shots and camera motion
should be avoided when shooting for a small
computer window on CD-ROM or the Web.
CD-ROMs provide an excellent distribution medium for computer-

based video.

When preparing video for CD-ROM distribution, interleave the

audio track(s) with the video track.

Key frames should be used every 10 to 15 frames and the size of

the video window must be kept small.

The Sorenson codec is optimized for CD-ROM playback.

Digital video method is used for making and
delivering video for multimedia.
Charge-coupled device (CCD) converts the
light that has been reflected from an object
through the camera’s lens.
Various video standards are NTSC, PAL,
SECAM, and ATSC DTV.
Categories of video standards are composite
analog, component analog, composite
digital, and component digital.
RESOURCES CALL NO Bibliographic Citation
Text Book IT006.7 C788 Coorough, Calleen. (2006) Multimedia for the Web. Deluxe Education Edition.
2006 Thomson Course Technology

Reference IT006.6 C367d Chapman, Miguel (2009). Digital Multimedia. John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
2009
Supplementary Materials GIMP 2.0 User Manual
Audacity 1.3 User Manual
Movie Maker 3.0 User Manual
Avidemux 2.5 User Manual

Online and Non-Print Resources Text in Multimedia. In

http://www.ctl.utm.my/publications/manuals/imedia/media/text/. Last Modified
February 20, 2012
Graphics in Multimedia.
http://www.ctl.utm.my/publications/manuals/imedia/media/graphics/ index.htm.
Last Modified February 20, 2012
Multimedia Basics: Understanding Sound. IN
http://www.stevenestrella.com/IWP/multimediabasics/ sound.html. Last
Modified February 20, 2012
Animation in Multimedia. In
http://www.ctl.utm.my/publications/manuals/imedia/media/anim/. Last
Modified February 20, 2012
Video in Multimedia. In
http://www.ctl.utm.my/publications/manuals/imedia/media/video/. Last
Modified February 20, 2012