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    Applied Anatomy of Heart Circlation

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    απικλετ Ξλ

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Applied Anatomy of Heart Circlation

    Uploaded by

    απικλετ Ξλ
    1 views7 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    1 views7 pages

    Applied Anatomy of Heart Circlation

    Uploaded by

    απικλετ Ξλ

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    • The heart is one organ that needs to be functioning properly so that the body can

    operate at its best capacity. Heart disease is one of the leadin causes of deaths
    worldwide, especially with the changing lifestyles and Increased stress. The heart is
    the muscle of the body which oumps blood to the rest of the body for functioning
    with the help of arteries and veins. If arteries, veins, or the heart muscle stops,
    hat person suffers from heart diseases.

    • Applied anatomy knowledge is fundamental for diagnosing and treating


    cardiovascular disorders effectively.

    • Enables healthcare professionals to comprehend issues like atherosclerosis,


    hypertension, and heart attacks.

    • Essential for planning and performing medical procedures such as angiography,


    bypass surgery, and pacemaker implantation.

    -Heart disease can be described by several diseases mentioned below.-

    1. Coronary Heart Disease (CHD):Common. This occurs due to the blockage of


    arteries due to fat deposits causing improper circulation

    2. Arrhythmia The heartbeats are irregular. Heartbeats can be too fast, too slow or
    irregular.

    3.Heart Valve Disease Any of the four valves of the heart get affected or stops
    functioning.

    4. Heart failure The heart muscles just collapse and cannot pump enough blood to
    the body. It can be a very fatal condition.'

    -Common conditions that affect your heart include:


    • Cardiomyopathy: Unusual thickening, enlargement or stiffening of the heart
    muscle.
    • Congestive heart failure: The heart is too stiff or too weak to properly pump blood
    throughout your body.
    • Coronary artery disease: Plaque buildup that leads to narrow coronary arteries.
    • Diabetes: Your blood sugar is higher than it should be.
    • Heart attack (myocardial infarction): A sudden coronary artery blockage that cuts
    off oxygen to part of your heart muscle
    Diagnosis
    • Assessment of risk factors, medical, and family history of the patient.
    • Physical Examination
    • Electrocardiogram (ECG): ECG aids in detecting the incidence of arrhythmias,
    angina, and heart attacks.
    • Echocardiogram
    • Chest X-ray
    • Blood tests (Cardiac enzymes)

    Hypertension (high blood pressure)


    1. HYPERTENSION (high blood pressure)
    * • defined as a blood pressure above 140/90
    * • prolonged hypertension can damage the heart and the blood vessels
    • • it can cause many cardiovascular diseases like coronary heart disease or
    stroke

    • Treatments for Hypertension


    • • healthy diet
    • • exercise
    • * weight control
    • • medication
    • These methods are all designed to decrease cardiac output and lower
    the pressure in the arterieles
    • Healthy Diet
    • Reduced amounts of:
    • • saturated fats
    • • trans fats
    • • cholesterol

    • Exercise
    • • Some studies show that any amount of exercise is helpful in preventing
    hypertension while others show that a large amount of exercise is needed
    • • Cardlovascular exercise 3 times per week for at least 30 minutes each time
    Is most commonly recommended

    • Welght Control
    • • Body fat percentage should be kept within healthy range (17-27% females,
    10-20% males)
    • • BMI (body mass index) can also be used to calculate healthy body weight
    • Vasodilators cause blood vessels to expand and therefore reduce the resistance
    to blood flow
    • Diuretics cause the bodyto excrete more urine & reduce the volume of liquid in
    the body lower liquid volumes will decrease the blood volume and therefore
    decrease pressure on arteries Medications:
    Most lower blood pressure by decreasing cardiac output.

    2. ATHEROSCLEROSIS
    • • fatty deposits containing cholesterol and lipids accumulate in the lining of
    blood vessels (called plaques)
    • • plaques decrease the diameter of the blood vessels and the elasticity of the
    vessel wall
    • • usually occurs in the coronary arteries

    - Results in...
    • • decreased blood flow to the rest of the artery
    • • lack of nutrients and oxygen to the areas of the body after the narrowing
    • • may lead to abnormal blood circulation, heart attack or stroke

    Causes of Atherosclerosis
    • high cholesterol diet
    • high blood pressure
    • infection (not proven but scientists have found DNA from bacteria in the walls of
    blood vessels with atherosclerosis)

    3. HEART ATTACK AND ANGINA


    • Angina
    • • heart is deprived of oxygen
    • pain or tightness felt behind the sternum which may radiate to the jaw,
    back and arms
    • can occur during periods of exertion or emotional stress
    • relleved by rest or nitroglycerine
    HeartAttack
    • • a more severe fom of angina
    • • a clot completely blocks a coronary artery
    • • the cells in that area have no access to oxygen and nutrients and they die
    - - after the deuth of these cells scar tissue forms and the heart may be
    weaker
    • • symptoms include angina, fatigue, dizziness and indigestion

    Causes of Angina and Heart Attack


    • smoking
    • Age
    • poor diet
    • obesity
    • lack of exercise
    • Stress
    • family history of heart disease
    • diabetes

    4.STROKE(Ischemic Attack)
    • • blood vessel going to the brain is damaged
    • • a clot formed in the blood vessel causes a stroke by blocking blood flow to part
    of the brain
    • • the blood vessel bursts due to high blood pressure or weakened blood vessel
    walls (aneurysm) Results in a lack of oxygen and nutrients to the brain
    5. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
    • • sudden and temporary stroke that lasts only a few minutes
    • • occurs when blood flow to brain is temporarily interrupted
    • • symptoms are similar to a stroke

    Aneurysms
    • It is an abnormal local dilatation of arteries.
    • Complications:
    • Haemorrhage
    • Pressure
    • Thrombosis
    • Embolism

    Varicose veins
    - Dilated veins due to failure of the valves to close.
    • There is backflow of blood.
    • The veins become elongated, tortuous and lose their elasticity.
    • Common sites are long and short saphaneous veins, and tibial veins
    DVT

    Definition
    • A DVT is the
    formation of a blood clot that does not break down in a deep vein of the body.
    • Because the clot does not bread down, it can become large and obstruct the
    normal flow of blood in the vein.

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