Applications of ICT Lab

Lab 2

NUMBER SYSTEM CONVERSIONS USING WINDOWS CALCULATOR

OBJECTIVES

1. Grasp the concepts of number systems and their conversion methods.

2. Acquire proficiency in utilizing the Windows calculator within the Windows operating
system.
3. Build self-assurance in employing the computer for fundamental tasks.

NUMBER SYSTEM

Number systems are the technique to represent numbers in the computer system
architecture, every value that you are saving or getting into/from computer memory has a
defined number system.

Computer architecture supports following number systems.

 Binary number system

 Octal number system
 Decimal number system
 Hexadecimal (hex) number system

BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM

A Binary number system has only two digits that are 0 and 1. Every number (value) represents with 0
and 1 in this number system. The base of binary number system is 2, because it has only two digits.

OCTAL NUMBER SYSTEM

Octal number system has only eight (8) digits from 0 to 7. Every number (value) represents
with 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7 in this number system. The base of octal number system is 8,
because it has only 8 digits.

DECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM

Decimal number system has only ten (10) digits from 0 to 9. Every number (value)
represents with 0,1,2,3,4,5,6, 7,8 and 9 in this number system. The base of decimal number
system is 10, because it has only 10 digits.

HEXADECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM

A Hexadecimal number system has sixteen (16) alphanumeric values from 0 to 9 and A to
F. Every number (value) represents with 0,1,2,3,4,5,6, 7,8,9, A, B, C, D, E and F in this
number system. The base of hexadecimal number system is 16, because it has 16
alphanumeric values. Here A is 10, B is 11, C is 12, D is 14, E is 15 and F is 16.

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Number system Base (Radix) Used digits Example

Binary 2 0,1 (11110000)2

Octal 8 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 (360)8

Decimal 10 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 (240)10

0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,
Hexadecimal 16 (F0)16
A, B, C, D, E, F

CONVERSIONS
DECIMAL TO OTHER

1. DECIMAL TO BINARY

Decimal Number System to Other Base

To convert Number system from Decimal Number System to Any Other Base is quite easy; you
have to follow just two steps:

a) Divide the Number (Decimal Number) by the base of target base system (in which you want
to convert the number: Binary (2), octal (8) and Hexadecimal (16)).
b) Write the remainder from step 1 as a Least Signification Bit (LSB) to Step last as a Most
Significant Bit (MSB).

Decimal to Binary Conversion Result

Decimal Number is: (12345)10

Binary Number is
(11000000111001)2

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2. DECIMAL TO OCTAL

Decimal to Octal Conversion Result

Decimal Number is: (12345)10

Octal Number is
(30071)8

3. DECIMAL TO HEXADECIMAL

Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversion Result

Example 1
Decimal Number is: (12345)10

Hexadecimal Number is
(3039)16

Example 2
Hexadecimal Number is
Decimal Number is: (725)10
(2D5)16
Convert
10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15
to its
equivalent... A,
B, C, D, E, F

BINARY TO OTHER
Multiply the digit with 2(with place value exponent). Eventually add all the
multiplication becomes the Decimal number.

1. BINARY TO DECIMAL

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2. BINARY TO OCTAL

An easy way to convert from binary to octal is to group binary digits into sets of three,
starting with the least significant (rightmost) digits.

Binary: 11100101 = 11 100 101

011 100 101 add the most significant digits with zeros if
necessary to complete a group of three.

Then, look up each group in a table:

Binary: 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111

Octal: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Binary = 011 100 101

Octal = 3 4 5 = 345 oct

3. BINARY TO HEXADECIMAL

An equally easy way to convert from binary to hexadecimal is to group binary digits into
sets of four, starting with the least significant (rightmost) digits.

Binary: 11100101 = 11100101

Then, look up each group in a table:

Binary: 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111

Hexadecimal: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Binary: 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111
Hexadecimal: 8 9 A B C D E F

Binary = 1110 0101

Hexadecimal = E 5 = E5 hex

OCTAL TO OTHER
1. OCTAL TO BINARY

Converting from octal to binary is as easy as converting from binary to octal. Simply
look up each octal digit to obtain the equivalent group of three binary digits.

Octal: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Binary: 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111

Octal = 3 4 5

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Binary = 011 100 101 = 011100101 binary

2. OCTAL TO HEXADECIMAL
When converting from octal to hexadecimal, it is often easier to first convert the octal
number into binary and then from binary into hexadecimal. For example, to convert 345
octal into hex:

(From the previous example)

Octal = 3 4 5

Binary = 011 100 101 = 011100101 binary

Drop any leading zeros or pad with leading zeros to get groups of four binary digits
(bits): Binary 011100101 = 11100101

Then, look up the groups in a table to convert to hexadecimal digits.

Binary: 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111

Hexadecimal: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Binary: 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111

Hexadecimal: 8 9 A B C D E F

Binary = 1110 0101

Hexadecimal = E 5 = E5 hex

Therefore, through a two-step conversion process, octal 345 equals binary 011100101
equals hexadecimal E5.

3. OCTAL TO DECIMAL

The conversion can also be performed in the conventional mathematical way, by

showing each digit place as an increasing power of 8.

345 octal = (3 * 82) + (4 * 81) + (5 * 80) = (3 * 64) + (4 * 8) + (5 * 1) = 229

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decimal (345)8 = (229)10

HEXADECIMAL TO OTHER

1. HEXADECIMAL TO BINARY

Converting from hexadecimal to binary is as easy as converting from binary to

hexadecimal. Simply look up each hexadecimal digit to obtain the equivalent group
of four binary digits.

Hexadecimal: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Binary: 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111
Hexadecimal: 8 9 A B C D E F
Binary: 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111

Hexadecimal = A 2 D E
Binary = 1010 0010 1101 1110 = 1010001011011110 binary

2. HEXADECIMAL TO OCTAL

First convert Hexadecimal number to decimal and then convert into octal. OR Convert Hexadecimal
to binary and then octal.

Convert A2DE into octal number.

3. HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL

Decimal conversion from any base is already discussed.

LAB TASKS
Task 1: Decimal to others

Utilize the Windows calculator to convert a decimal number into different bases.

Decima Binary Octa Hexadecimal

l l
120
32
54

Task 2: Binary to others

Utilize the Windows calculator to convert a binary number into different bases.

Binary Decimal Octal Hexadecimal

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1011110
1011
111111

Task 3: Octal to others

Utilize the Windows calculator to convert a binary number into different bases.

Octal Binar Decimal Hexadecimal

y

Task 4: Hexadecimal to others

Utilize the Windows calculator to convert a hexadecimal number into different bases.

Hexadecima Binary Octal Decimal

l

Questions:

Q 1 What is the purpose of converting numbers between different bases (e.g., decimal to binary or
hexadecimal to octal)?

Q 2 In what real-world applications is number system conversion essential?

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Q 3 How can you efficiently convert a hexadecimal number into its binary representation?

Conclusion: