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Lecture 5(a)_Introduction to Machine Tools Drive System

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Lecture 5(a)_Introduction to Machine Tools Drive System

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shezanlabib
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IPE 4821

MACHINE TOOLS
Lecture 5(a):

Introduction to Machine
Tool Drive
Machine Tool Drive
Definition: A machine tool drive is an aggregate of mechanisms that transmits motion from an external
source to the operative element of the machine tool.
• The external source is generally a three-phase AC motor which acts as a prime mover, and provides
rotary motion (primary motion).
• Rotary motion from this prime mover is transferred to the operative element to generate appropriate
working motion (auxiliary motion).
• This auxiliary motion can be of two types: Rotary and Translatory.
• If auxiliary/working motion is rotary, transmission takes place through mechanisms that transfer rotary
motion from one shaft to another (e.g. gears trains, belts, chains, etc.).
• If the auxiliary/working motion is translatory, transmission occurs through mechanisms (e.g. slider-
crank, crank-rocker, cam, etc.) that transform rotary motion into translatory (or, reciprocating/linear
motion).
Machine Tool Drive
It is a general requirement for machine tool drives that they should have provision for regulating the speed
of travel of the operative elements. The speed regulatory system of a machine tool drive refers to the
mechanism responsible for controlling and maintaining the rotational speed of the tool or workpiece
during machining operations.
• The speed regulatory system adjusts the motor's speed based on input parameters such as desired cutting
speeds, feed rates, and material properties.
• The regulation may be available in discrete steps, or it may be stepless, i.e., continuous. The former are
known as stepped drives and the latter stepless drives.
• Transmission of motion from the external source to the operative element can take place through
mechanical elements, such as gears, chains, belts, etc., or by means of hydraulic and electrical circuits.
• The drives are correspondingly known as mechanical, hydraulic and electrical.
• Mechanical drives may be of stepped or stepless type.
• Hydraulic and electrical drives are invariably stepless in nature.
Machine Tool Drive Elements
The machine tool drive system consists of two main elements:
• Prime Mover or Electric Motor to produce primary motion.
• A Transmission Arrangement to transfer the primary motion to the working element as
working/auxiliary motion in appropriate proportion.
Prime Mover/Electric Motor
Three-phase asynchronous ac motors (also known as induction motors) are generally used as the source of
power in machine tools. The power rating of the electric motor in general-purpose machine tools is
calculated by the formula:
Prime Mover/Electric Motor
Prime Mover/Electric Motor
Power Rating for Variable Loading Machine Tools
The selection of electric motors that work under conditions of variable loading is done by a different
procedure. This procedure is expedient for single purpose and special machine tools that machine identical
parts according to a set sequence of operations that is continuously repeated. An example of such a loading
is shown in Fig. 1.18. The power rating of the motor is determined from considerations of permissible
overloading and heating, and the higher of the two values is taken for selecting the motor.
Power Rating for Variable Loading Machine Tools
Power Rating for Variable Loading Machine Tools
Power Rating for Variable Loading Machine Tools
Power Rating for Variable Loading Machine Tools
Power Rating for Variable Loading Machine Tools
THANK YOU

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