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Computer_Science_Concepts

Basic computer science concepts

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11 views

Computer_Science_Concepts

Basic computer science concepts

Uploaded by

ae685233
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Computer Science Concepts

1. What is a Storage Unit? Explain types of primary memory.

- A Storage Unit is a component in computers that stores data, instructions, and information. It can

be divided into primary and secondary storage.

- Types of Primary Memory:

- RAM (Random Access Memory): Temporary memory that stores data actively in use. It is

volatile, meaning data is lost when the computer is turned off.

- ROM (Read-Only Memory): Permanent memory that holds the firmware or instructions for

booting up the computer. It is non-volatile.

- Cache Memory: A smaller, high-speed memory that stores frequently accessed data to increase

processing speed.

- Registers: Small, high-speed storage within the CPU used for specific functions, like holding

instructions or data that the CPU is processing.

2. What are the advantages of DBMS (Database Management System)?

- Data Redundancy Reduction: Centralized data management reduces data duplication.

- Data Integrity and Accuracy: Ensures that the data is consistent, accurate, and complete.

- Data Security: Provides a controlled access environment, allowing only authorized users.

- Data Consistency: Updates data across the system so it is consistent everywhere.

- Concurrent Access: Allows multiple users to access the same data simultaneously without

conflicts.

- Backup and Recovery: Manages backups automatically, ensuring data can be recovered in case

of failure.

3. Explain protocols with examples.


- A Protocol is a set of rules that allows two or more entities to communicate over a network.

- Examples:

- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Used for accessing web pages on the internet.

- FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Allows for the transfer of files over a network.

- SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): Manages the sending and receiving of email.

- TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): Fundamental protocol suite for the

internet, responsible for end-to-end data communication.

4. Which data types will you use for the above fields: Employee Name, Address, Gender, Age,

Birthdate?

- Employee Name: VARCHAR or TEXT (for variable-length strings).

- Address: VARCHAR or TEXT (if it could include special characters or is lengthy).

- Gender: CHAR(1) (storing as M/F or Male/Female), or use ENUM if supported.

- Age: TINYINT or SMALLINT (as it is generally a small number).

- Birthdate: DATE (to store complete date information in a standardized format).

5. Write a list of operating systems for mobile phones and personal computers.

- Mobile Phone OS:

- Android

- iOS

- HarmonyOS

- KaiOS

- Personal Computer OS:

- Windows

- macOS

- Linux (e.g., Ubuntu, Fedora)


- Chrome OS

6. Write the use of the following SQL commands:

- a) INSERT: Adds new records to a table.

INSERT INTO employees (name, age, position) VALUES ('John Doe', 30, 'Manager');

- b) UPDATE: Modifies existing records in a table.

UPDATE employees SET age = 31 WHERE name = 'John Doe';

- c) DELETE: Removes records from a table.

DELETE FROM employees WHERE name = 'John Doe';

- d) DROP: Deletes an entire table or database.

DROP TABLE employees;

- e) ALTER TABLE: Modifies the structure of an existing table, such as adding or removing

columns.

ALTER TABLE employees ADD COLUMN salary DECIMAL(10, 2);

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