METHODS OF

DIFFERENTIATION

1
Content

✓ Derivative of Standard Functions

✓ Derivative of Trigonometric Functions

2
METHODS OF DIFFERENTIATION

𝑦 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑄 𝑥 + ∆𝑥, 𝑓 𝑥 + ∆𝑥

𝑥, 𝑓 𝑥 𝑃

𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 + ∆𝑥

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METHODS OF DIFFERENTIATION

𝑦 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑥, 𝑓 𝑥 𝑃

𝑥
𝑥

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METHODS OF DIFFERENTIATION

𝑦 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑥, 𝑓 𝑥 𝑃

𝑥
𝑥

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METHODS OF DIFFERENTIATION

𝑦 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑥, 𝑓 𝑥 𝑃

𝑥
𝑥

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METHODS OF DIFFERENTIATION

𝑦 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑥, 𝑓 𝑥 ∆𝑥 O
𝑃

𝑥
𝑥

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METHODS OF DIFFERENTIATION

𝑦 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑥, 𝑓 𝑥 ∆𝑥 O
𝑃

𝑥
𝑥

 Tangent is limiting case of secant

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 METHODS OF DIFFERENTIATION

First Principle of Differentiation

𝑑𝑦
If 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) then the symbols = 𝐷(𝑦) = 𝑓′(𝑥) = 𝑦1 or y' represents
𝑑𝑥
derivative of 𝑦 w.r.t 𝑥.

𝑑𝑦 𝛥𝑦 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝛥𝑥) − 𝑓(𝑥 )

= lim = lim = 𝑓′ 𝑥 = 𝐷 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝛥𝑥→0 𝛥𝑥 𝛥𝑥→0 𝛥𝑥
or

𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥 )
𝑓′ 𝑥 = lim =
ℎ→0 ℎ

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METHODS OF DIFFERENTIATION

𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑃
𝑎, 𝑓 𝑎

𝑥=𝑎

 Suppose 𝑓 is a real valued function and 𝑥 = 𝑎 is a point in its

domain of definition, then the derivative of 𝑓 at 𝑥 = 𝑎 is defined by

𝑓(𝑎 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑎)
𝑓′(a) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ

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 Find the derivative of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 at 𝑥 = 2.

Ans. (5)

Solution

11
 Find D(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) using first principle.

Ans. (cos𝑥)

Solution

12
 𝒅(𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽)
G m r cally D r va f = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽
𝒅𝜽

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 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
𝜽

𝒙 𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏
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 𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 𝑟. ∆𝜃
𝑟=1
∆𝑦

𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
𝜽

𝒙 𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏
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 𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = ∆𝜃
𝜃

∆𝑦

𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
𝜽

𝒙 𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏
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 ∆𝜃
∆𝑦

𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
𝜽

𝒙 𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏
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 This region approaches to
a right angle triangle as
∆𝜃 → 0
∆𝜃
∆𝑦

𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
𝜽

𝒙 𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏
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 Because

∆𝜃
∆𝑦

𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
𝜽

𝒙 𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏
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20
21
 ∆𝑦
𝜶
𝜽 𝜶
𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽

𝜶
𝜽
∆𝜃 𝜶
𝜽

𝒙 𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏

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 ∆𝑦
𝜶
𝜽
𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽

∆𝜃
𝜽

𝒙 𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏

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 Similar Triangles

𝒙 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽
𝟏
∆𝑦
𝜶
∆𝜃
~
𝜶
𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽

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 Similar Triangles

∆𝑦 𝒙 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽
=
∆𝜃 𝟏

𝜶 ~
𝜶
𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽

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∆𝑦 ∆𝑦 𝑥
= lim =
∆𝜃 𝜃→0 ∆𝜃 1

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𝑑𝑦 𝑥
= = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑑𝜃 1

𝑑 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃)
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑑𝜃

27
 Find D(𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) using first principle.

1
Ans.
1 − 𝑥2

Solution

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METHODS OF DIFFERENTIATION

Derivative of Standard Functions

D(𝑥 𝑛 ) = n𝑥 n−1

𝐷 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 0

D(𝑎 𝑥 ) = 𝑎 𝑥 ℓna, a > 0

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METHODS OF DIFFERENTIATION

Derivative of Standard Functions

𝐷(𝑒 𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥

1
𝐷 ℓ𝑛𝑥 = , 𝑥 > 0
𝑥

1
𝐷(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑒 , 𝑎 > 0, 𝑎 ≠ 1
𝑥

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METHODS OF DIFFERENTIATION

Derivative of Trigonometric Functions

𝒇(𝒙) 𝒇′(𝒙)
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝒙
𝐜𝐨𝐬𝒙 −𝐬𝐢𝐧𝒙
𝐭𝐚𝐧𝒙 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝒙
𝐬𝐞𝐜𝒙 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝒙 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝒙
𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜𝒙 −𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜𝒙. 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒙
𝐜𝐨𝐭𝒙 −𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝒙

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METHODS OF DIFFERENTIATION

Derivative of Inverse Trigonometric Function

𝒇(𝒙) 𝒇′(𝒙)
𝟏
𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝒙 , −𝟏 < 𝒙 < 𝟏
𝟏−𝒙𝟐
𝟏
𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 𝒙 – , −𝟏 < 𝒙 < 𝟏
𝟏−𝒙𝟐
𝟏
𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝒙 ,𝒙 ∈ ℝ
𝟏+𝒙𝟐
𝟏
𝐬𝐞𝐜 −𝟏 𝒙 , 𝒙 >𝟏
|𝒙| 𝒙𝟐 −𝟏
𝟏
𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 −𝟏 𝒙 − , 𝒙 >𝟏
|𝒙| 𝒙𝟐 −𝟏
𝟏
𝐜𝐨𝐭 −𝟏 𝒙 − 𝟏+𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙 ∈ ℝ

32
 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝑥
Find 𝐷
1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥

Ans. (𝑠𝑒𝑐2𝑥)

Solution

33
 −1
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐷 𝑒 ℓ𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥

1
Ans. ( − )
1 + 𝑥2

Solution

34
 METHODS OF DIFFERENTIATION

Important information

𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙)

𝑷(𝒂, 𝒇(𝒂))
𝜽
𝒙=𝒂

If a real valued function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is differentiable at a point 𝑃(𝑎, 𝑓(𝑎)) in its

domain, then derivative of 𝑓 at point 𝑃 (i.e. 𝑓′(𝑎)) represents the slope of the
tangent drawn to the curve at point 𝑃.
𝑑𝑦
ቤ = 𝑓′(𝑎) = tan𝜃
𝑑𝑥 𝑥=𝑎

35
 𝑥 𝑥
D 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛4
2 2

Ans. (−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)

Solution

36
 1 1
Find 𝐷 when 𝑥 =
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑒 𝑒

Ans. (𝑒)

Solution

37
 𝐷(𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥)𝑛

Ans. (0)

Solution

38
 𝜋
If D(sin 𝑥) = cos𝑥 then 𝐷 𝑠𝑖𝑛 is ...........
3

Ans. (0)

Solution

39
 D(tan(tan–1𝑥))

Ans. (1)

Solution

40
 D(sin–1(sin 𝑥))

𝜋 𝜋
1𝑥 ∈ 2𝑘𝜋 − , 2𝑘𝜋 +
2 2
[Ans. ൞ 𝜋 3𝜋
, 𝑘 ∈ 𝐼]
−1𝑥 ∈ 2𝑘𝜋 + , 2𝑘𝜋 +
2 2

Solution

41
 1
𝐷 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 =. . . . .
𝑥

Ans. (0)

Solution

42
 𝑒
If y = {𝑥}[𝑥], 𝑥 ∈ӏ 𝐼 , then 𝑦′ is equal to (where {.} denotes fractional part
2
function & [.] denotes greatest integer function)
Ans. (1)

Solution

43
 Note

1 𝑥>0
𝑑
 (|𝑥|) = ൞ −1 𝑥<0
𝑑𝑥
non−differentiable 𝑥=0

𝟎 𝒙
non−differentiable

44
 Note

𝒚
𝑑 𝟐
 ([𝑥]) = 0, 𝑥 ∉ 𝐼 (Where [.] represents G.I.F)
𝑑𝑥
𝟏
–𝟐 –𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
𝒙
–𝟏

–𝟐

45
 Note

𝑑
 𝑥 = 1, 𝑥 ∈ӏ 𝐼
𝑑𝑥
(Where {.} represents fractional part function)

𝒚=𝟏

–𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝒙

46
 Note

𝒚=𝟏
𝑑
 (sgn 𝑥) = 0, 𝑥 ≠ 0
𝑑𝑥
𝟎 𝒙

𝒚 = −𝟏

47
 METHODS OF
DIFFERENTIATION

48
Content

✓ Fundamental Theorems

49
 Fundamental Theorems

𝐷(𝑓(𝑥) ± 𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑓′(𝑥) ± 𝑔′(𝑥)

𝐷(𝑓(𝑥) . 𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑓(𝑥) . 𝑔′(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) . 𝑓 ′ 𝑥

𝐷 𝑓 𝑥 .𝑔 𝑥 .ℎ 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 .𝑔 𝑥 .ℎ′ 𝑥 + 𝑔 𝑥 .ℎ 𝑥 .𝑓′ 𝑥 + ℎ 𝑥 .𝑓 𝑥 .𝑔′ 𝑥

50
 D(𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥)

[Ans. ℓ𝑛𝑥 + 1]

Solution

51
 D(𝑥sin–1𝑥)

𝑥
[Ans. 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 + ]
1 − 𝑥2

Solution

52
 –
D(𝑒𝑥 . tan 1𝑥)

𝑒𝑥
[Ans. 𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛
𝑥 −1
𝑥+ ]
(1 + 𝑥 2 )

Solution

53
 𝐷(ℓ𝑛𝑥. 𝑒 𝑥 . 𝑥 2 )

[Ans. 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥+ 2x𝑒 𝑥 ln𝑥+𝑒 𝑥 𝑥2ln𝑥]

Solution

54
 Let 𝐹 (𝑥) = ƒ (𝑥) . 𝑔(𝑥) . ℎ(𝑥).If for some 𝑥 = 𝑥0, 𝐹 ′ 𝑥0 = 21 𝐹 𝑥0 ;
ƒ ′(𝑥0) = 4ƒ (𝑥0) ; 𝑔′(𝑥0) = – 7𝑔(𝑥0) and ℎ′(𝑥0) = 𝑘 ℎ(𝑥0), then find 𝑘.
[IIT JEE- 1997]
Ans. (k = 24)

Solution

55
 1 1
If ƒ (𝑥) = (1 + 𝑥)(3 + 𝑥2)2 (9 + 𝑥3)3 , then ƒ '(–1) is equal to
(A) 0 (B) 2 2 (C) 4 (D) 6

Ans. (C)

Solution

56
 𝐷 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 . 𝑥 3 . 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥

1
𝐴ns. 𝑥 3 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
1 − 𝑥2
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 . 𝑥 3
2
+ 3𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 −1
𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 + ]
𝑥2 + 1

Solution

57
Fundamental Theorems

𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥). 𝑓′(𝑥) − 𝑓(𝑥). 𝑔′(𝑥)

𝐷 = (Quotient Rule)
𝑔(𝑥) 𝑔2 (𝑥)

58
 1 − ℓ𝑛𝑥
𝐷 =
1 + ℓ𝑛𝑥
2
[Ans. − ]
𝑥(1 + ℓ𝑛𝑥)2

Solution

59
 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥
𝐷 =
𝑒𝑥

3x 2 + 2𝑥 ℓ𝑛2 − (𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 )
[Ans. ]
𝑒𝑥

Solution

60
 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝐷 =
1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥

[Ans.
(1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥)(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) − (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥)(𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥)
]
(1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥)2

Solution

61
 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑥 𝑑𝑦
If y = , then equals to .
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

4
[Ans. ]
𝜋(1 + 𝑥 2 )

Solution

62
Chain Rule

𝑑
 (𝑓(𝑥))𝑛 = 𝑛(𝑓(𝑥))𝑛−1 𝑓′(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑 1
 ℓ𝑛𝑓 𝑥 = . 𝑓′ 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑓 𝑥

1 1
 𝐷
𝑓 𝑥
=−
𝑓 2 ( 𝑥)
𝑓′(𝑥)

63
 2
𝑑 1
𝑥+ =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

Ans. (A) 1 1 1
A 1− 2 B 1+ 2 C 1− D None of these
𝑥 𝑥 2𝑥
Solution

64
 𝑑𝑦
If 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 , then =
𝑑𝑥

1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

(A) (B)
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

Ans. (C) (C) . 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 (D) None of these
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
Solution

65
 1 1 1
If 𝑦 = + + ,
1 + 𝑥 𝛽−𝛼 + 𝑥 𝛾−𝛼 1 + 𝑥 𝛼−𝛽 + 𝑥 𝛾−𝛽 1 + 𝑥 𝛼−𝛾 + 𝑥 𝛽−𝛾

𝑑𝑦
then is equal to−
𝑑𝑥

Ans. (A)
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) ( +  + ) +  +  – (D) 
Solution

66
 𝑑 𝑥
(e sin 3 x) equals –
𝑑𝑥
(A) e𝑥 sin( 3𝑥 + /3) (B) 2e𝑥 sin( 3𝑥 + /3)
1 𝑥 1 𝑥
Ans. (B) (C) e sin( 3𝑥 + /3) (D) e sin( 3𝑥 − /3)
2 2

Solution

67
 1 𝑑𝑦
𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑥 find
3
3 𝑑𝑥

Ans. (𝑡𝑎𝑛4𝑥 )

Solution

68
 𝑑𝑦
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 2 find
𝑑𝑥

2𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
Ans. ( )
1− 𝑥2

Solution

69
 𝑑𝑦
𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥ℓ𝑛𝑥 find
𝑑𝑥

Ans. (sin𝑥𝑙𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑥 cos𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + sin𝑥 )

Solution

70
 𝑑𝑦
𝑦= ℓ𝑛(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥) find
𝑑𝑥

2𝑥 − 4
Ans. ( )
𝑥2 − 4𝑥

Solution

71
 1 − 10𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑦= find
1 + 10𝑥 𝑑𝑥

2 × 10𝑥𝑙𝑛10
Ans. ( − )
1 + 10𝑥 2

Solution

72
 1
Prove that the function 𝑦 = ln satisfies the relationship
1+𝑥
Ans. (1) 𝑥𝑦’ + 1 = ey (where dash denotes derivative)

Solution

73
 𝑥 12 + 𝑥 6 + 1 𝑑𝑦
If 𝑦 = 6 3
& = 𝑥 2 (𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏), then the value of (𝑎 + 𝑏) is equal to
𝑥 +𝑥 +1 𝑑𝑥

Ans. (3)

Solution

74
 𝐷(𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥) =

3 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
[Ans. ]
2 𝑥

Solution

75
 𝐷 ℓ𝑛3 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 ( 𝑥 4 ) =

24(ℓ𝑛(𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 4 ))2 (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 4 ). 𝑥 3

[Ans. ]
(𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 4 )

Solution

76