RESEARCH WORK 2

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 1

ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

ERICA G. CADIENTE ARCH'T V.G GUNTAYON JR.

STUDENT INSTRUCTOR - CEAT

ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

LINE

A line can be vertical, diagonal, horizontal, and even curved. It can be any width, size, shape,
position, direction, interval, or density. Points create lines and lines create shapes. A line can
have other elements like color, texture, and movement applied to it

line – horizontal, vertical, curving, diagonal; each has an impact on how you perceive space.
Lines can also be combined to create shapes and planes, or form – but that’s for another
post. Structural elements, applied finishes, even lighting can all be applied to create strong
lines within a space.

Horizontal Line

Lines applied horizontally often evoke feelings of stability, grounding, emphasis and
direction. So, although horizontal lines tend create length and lower the ceiling of a space
they can also be applied to direct the viewer to a particular focal point.
Vertical Line

Vertical lines are often associated with strength (think pillar of strength), stability, balance,
and elevation. It has been hypothesized that viewing vertical lines is unnatural compared to
viewing horizontal lines. Additionally, vertical lines extend away from our visual plane. For
these reasons, the length of a line applied vertically is often extended lending to the feeling
of height in a space.

Diagonal Line

Diagonal lines typically connote a sense of dynamic movement, transformation, and

freedom. Diagonal lines can really bring life to a space, direct the eye upwards or
downwards, and add volume to a space, making it feel larger than it is. That being said if
applied incorrectly, diagonal lines can conjure a sense of confusion and imbalance.
Curved Line

Curving lines whether free form, arcing, circular, or elliptical often feel natural, organic,
playful, and soothing. If you are looking to make a space flow curving lines are a great way
to do it. They are also very voluminous taking up space within an interior.

SPACE

Space refers to the area within, around, above or below an object or objects. It is important
to creating and understanding both two dimensional or three dimensional works of art.
With three dimensional art the space things occupy is real as is the space around object. In
two dimensional art this is definitely not the case. Two dimensional art exists on a flat
surface, so if something looks three dimensional- it is an illusion! Even the most realistic
paintings or photographs are illusions.
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
A. CONTRAST

As a principle of art, contrast refers to the arrangement of opposite elements and

effects. For example, light and dark colors, smooth and rough textures, large and small
shapes. Contrast can be used to create variety, visual interest, and drama in an artwork.

B. REPETITION

Repetition is the reusing of the same or similar elements throughout the design. We
use repetition to create a sense of unity and consistency throughout a design. Repetition
creates a particular style, creates cohesiveness, creates emphasis, hierarchy structure and
strengthens a design.
C. SYMMETRICAL

Symmetry is the visual quality of repeating parts of an image across an axis, along a path
or around a center. Asymmetry, on the other hand, refers to anything that isn't symmetrical.
Balance is the visual principle of making a design appear equally weighted throughout the
composition.

D. ASYMMETRICAL

Asymmetrical design is an intentionally uneven arrangement of visual elements. To

identify an asymmetrical design, you can check for irregular sizing, changes in line weight,
differing shapes and contrasting colors.
E. RADIAL

In radial balance, the elements are arranged around a central point and may be similar.
Emphasis is the part of the design that catches the viewer's attention. Usually the artist will
make one area stand out by contrasting it with other areas. The area could be different in
size, color, texture, shape, etc.

F. BALANCE

Balance, one of the key principles of design, refers to the way visual elements are
arranged so that their visual weight harmonizes with the other elements in the design, and
the composition gives an appearance of properly distributed elements. This brings up
another definition we should address, visual weight.
G. RHYTHM

Rhythm is a principle of design that suggests movement or action. Rhythm is usually

achieved through repetition of lines, shapes, colors, and more. It creates a visual tempo in
artworks and provides a path for the viewer's eye to follow.

H. EMPHASIS

Emphasis is the part of the design that catches the viewer's attention. Usually the artist
will make one area stand out by contrasting it with other areas. The area could be different
in size, color, texture, shape, etc. ... The repetition of elements of design creates unity within
the work of art.
I. HARMONY

Harmony can be described as sameness, the belonging of one thing with another. The
repetition of design elements like colour, texture, shape, and form is one of the easiest ways
to achieve harmony to create a composition.
 What are the different colors and how it stimulates emotion?

Blue: Transmits the feeling of positivity, confidence, and security. It is often used in
commercial and business spaces, such as banking agencies, offices and companies.

Yellow: Portrays optimism, curiosity, joviality and a bright atmosphere. It is frequently

used in commercial spaces or restaurants to gain the attention of pedestrians.

Red: This color shows energy, excitement, impulse. Therefore, it is regularly used in
commercial spaces, such as stores or fast food outlets, as it portrays a certain compulsivity
and consumer desire.

Green: Evokes calm, tranquility, serenity and well-being. It is regularly used in

spaces associated with health and well-being, such as hospitals and relaxation centers.

Orange: The result of the combination of yellow and red, orange projects an idea of
intensity, creativity, euphoria, and enthusiasm. It is often used in creative environments,
such as offices, studios, and schools. If used together with blue, it conveys the idea of
impulsivity and trust, and so is adopted by banking agencies and offices.

Violet: It transmits well-being, calmness, and softness.

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