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THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA

NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION

012 HISTORY
(For Private Candidates Only)

Time: 3 Hours Wednesday, 06​th​ November 2013 p.m.

Instructions

1. This paper consists of sections A, B and C.

2. Answer ​all​ questions in sections A and B and ​three (3)​ questions from section C.

3. Cellular phones are ​not​ allowed in the examination room.

4. All drawings should be in pencil.

5. Write your ​Examination Number​ on every page of your answer booklet(s).

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SECTION A (20 Marks)

Answer ​all​ questions in this section.

1. For each of the items (i) - (x), choose the correct answer from among the given alternatives and
write its letter beside the item number.
(i) Places which contain remains showing man’s physical development, his activities and the
tools he made and used are called
A Museums
B Libraries
C Archives
D Historical sites
E Laboratories

(ii) Which name is given to Homo Habilis?

A The Modern Man.
B The Skilful Man.
C The Primates.
D The Iron Smith.
E The Homo Sapiens.

(iii) Which of the following countries were Portuguese colonies?

A Angola, Cape Verde and Sierra Leone.
B Cameroon, Mozambique and Angola.
C Angola, Mozambique and Botswana.
D Mozambique, Cape Verde and Guinea Bissau.
E Guinea Bissau, Angola and Namibia.

(iv) What were the hopes of the majority of South Africans by May 1990?
A To see civil strife and confrontations with the Boers.
B To see ANC and other racist organizations fighting each other.
C To revive racial discriminations and internal peace.
D To live under democratic minority rule and development.
E To have internal peace and democratic majority rule.

(v) Britain was the first country to industrialize towards the second half of the
A 17​th​ century
B 18​th​ century
C 19​th​ century
D 20​th​ century
E 21​st​ century.

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(vi) Which country used “Feed Yourself” operations in 1973 in order to make the country
self-sufficient in food production?
A Ghana
B Nigeria
C Tanzania
D Cameroon
E Zambia.

(vii) The United Nations Organization (UNO) operates from its headquarters in
A Washington DC
B San Francisco
C New York
D The Hague
E Geneva.

(viii) Which of the following was ​not​ the cause of the fall of Mali Empire in the 15​th​ century?
A Weak leadership.
B The Mossi invasion.
C Secession of vassal states.
D Succession disputes.
E Moroccan invasion.

(ix) The most immediate and practicable solution to Britain’s economic crisis after the First
World War in East Africa was to
A intensify the exploitation of human and natural resources
B train sons of chiefs in order to get leaders of Chartered companies
C propagate African economic, social and political policies
D integrate the educational system with local values
E perpetuate the neo-colonial situation among the capitalist powers.

(x) The formation of Independent Churches in Africa during the colonial period aimed at
A accepting Europeans’ civilizing missions
B eliminating poverty and European backwardness
C determining the common policies of the colonial masters
D imposing new agricultural methods and forced labour
E protesting against colonial exploitative and oppressive systems.

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2. Match the stems in ​List A​ with the correct responses in ​List B​ by writing the letter of the response
beside the item number. The options in ​List B​ can be used once, more than once or not at all.

List A List B

(i) An armed resistance against German A Meroe.

imperialism in German East Africa.
B Semei Kakunguru.
(ii) An ex-slave who built a wealthy kingdom in C Maji Maji war.
West Africa..
D Mansa Kankan Musa.
(iii) A notable group that challenged the British E Kabaka Mwanga.
invasion from 1895 to 1905.
F Sumanguru.
(iv) The founder of Songhai Empire.
G Mzilikazi.
(v) The former capital of the Kush Empire. H Wamwinyi.
(vi) Master of the conquered or ravaged lands. I Pharaoh.

(vii) The kingdom which was placed under the J Moroccan invasion.
British control after an invasion of K Jaja of Opobo.
Anglo-Fante force.
L Askia Mohamed.
(viii) The Anglo-French conspiracy led to his M Suni Ali.
defeat.
N The Nandi.
(ix) A class of political and religious leaders
O Napata.
along the coast of East Africa who controlled
the major means of production. P Asante Empire.

(x) Collaborated with the British to extend their Q Sundiata.

rule in Uganda. R Mwenemutapa.
S Samouri Toure.
T The Nama and Herero.

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SECTION B (20 Marks)

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Answer ​all​ questions in this section.

3. (a) Draw a sketch map of Africa and locate the following:

(i) Uganda Protectorate
(ii) British East Africa Protectorate
(iii) Zanzibar Island
(iv) Sultan of Zanzibar’s Coastal Strip (16 kilometres)
(v) Boundary between Uganda and British East Africa Protectorates (until 1902).

(b) Outline five roles played by the explorers in the scramble and partition of East Africa.

4. (a) Arrange the following statements in chronological order by writing number 1 to 5 beside the
item number.
(i) The brutality revealed by Stanley while supervising road construction earned him the
name “Mbula-Matale” or the “rock-breaker.”
(ii) Another explorer who worked hard to open up crucial areas in Africa for European
conquest and exploitation was Henry Morton Stanley.
(iii) From about 1876 Stanley was employed by King Leopold of Belgium in the Congo
basin.
(iv) Among the best known explorers in South, Central and East Africa was David
Livingstone who travelled widely from South Africa to the Zambezi valley.
(v) In the course of exploration, he accidentally came to the “Victoria Falls” locally called
“Mosi Atunya” that means “water that thunders”.

(b) The items (i-v) consist of four sentences which form a complete historical meaning. One of
the sentences is missing. Identify the missing sentence from the sentences given after each set
of items (A - E) and write its letter beside the item number.

(i) 1. Journeys of exploration were also financed by European capitalist interests.

2. Their main aim was to gather vital information about Africa.
3. Among the British explorers was Mungo Park and Clapperton.
4. __________________________________________.
A They came from denominations like African Church Movement.
B Their conflicts caused civil strife in Buganda in 1880s.
C They gathered vital information about the economy and politics in West
Africa.
D They urged the companies to raise armies to protect them in Europe.
E They got financial help from African states to extend their influence and
control in some inland areas.

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(ii) 1. At first the body of man’s ancestors was closer to that of a chimpanzee in
appearance.
2. __________________________________________.
3. Gradually as he developed by improving his methods of obtaining food and
shelter, his shape became like that of modern man.
4. This process is known as evolution.
A It was huge and was covered with plenty of hair.
B It was small and was covered with plenty of hair.
C It was huge and was covered with little hair.
D It was huge and was covered with feather-like hair.
E It was small and hairless.

(iii) 1. The range of productive activities man performs is determined by two factors.
2. __________________________________________.
3. The second are the productive forces of a given society.
4. Productive forces include the producers, the skills and experience.
A The first is the major means of production.
B The first is the tools of production.
C The first is the relations of production.
D The first is the nature of the environment.
E The first is the availability of capital.

(iv) 1. The relations of production in states such as Buganda, Bunyoro, Karagwe,

Ankole, Rwanda and Burundi were feudal.
2. The forms of these relations varied from one place to another.
3. In the interlacustrine area the power of the ruler was based on land ownership.
4. __________________________________________.
A The Nyarubanja and Busulo in Buganda were forms of feudal relations.
B Nyarubanja in Karagwe and Busulo in Buganda were examples of these
feudal relations.
C The Nvunjo in Buhaya and Busulo in Ankole provided the best example of
such feudal relations.
D Such feudal relations developed among the Shirazi of Burundi.
E In such feudal relations, the Wamwinyi monopolized the industries.

(v) 1. In the Congo basin, resistances were also sparked off by taxation, forced labour
and land alienation.
2. The recruitment of labour for tapping wild rubber and railway construction
enraged the local population.
3. __________________________________________.
4. This tendency created acute shortage of cheap labour.
A The Portuguese resisted this situation through waging wars.
B The Ndebele resisted strongly against the British in Congo.
C Such anti-colonial actions resulted into the Chimurenga war of 1897.
D Mani-Kongo called upon all the Lunda to unite and expel the British.
E The Africans resisted this exploitation and those captured always escaped
from the labour camps.

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SECTION C (60 Marks)

Answer ​three (3)​ questions from this section.

5. Explain eight effects of the caravan routes linking the Western Sudan and North Africa during the
pre-colonial period.

6. Examine six factors which weakened African resistances against the colonial conquest in the 19​th
century.

7. Elaborate three motives that led Prince Henry to organize the Portuguese voyages to East Africa
and give three social effects of those voyages to East Africa.

8. Explain six roles of the colonial state in the development of settler economy in Kenya.

9. Analyse six causes of the Great Depression of 1929 to 1933.

10. “Development of capitalism in Europe caused the scramble for and partition of Africa in the 19​th
century.” Substantiate this statement by giving five points.

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