* Cry stal FieLe Theory [CF TJ

be tween the
Consers the bondg
Cova lent.
metal Con the Ceqans bure y
The CF T Consoers meta l ugan bon o to be
the
Lonic n te actons
arisng elec tro s t a t i c

beUeen the metal the The

Wgans tre a t o pont cha qes

-’Ir case negative Wgans tte n ttràc tons wtt

metal Cons Lon - Con in texactions Tf the
liq a n s neutral 3 the nteractions
witt
ttbe metac a e Con dpole Gter dctions.
’In Case f ffee metal con the f e o- rbals
bave tte Same
0rbtols havig
enegy
These the Same energces Called

cegenerate orbta ls elec ron cdn occpy ny one

of thes e five ß orbita Ls
y

d z2
 bitaL elecon s wll
when the

be e oe lle by he Cone bacrs nega tiue charges

the Cug ands. The re bu lscon wil the energg

of t e ß- o r b t a Ls

al metà L an
the igans a bþroachnq e Cen

are at equal from each the ß- orbuta ls

istànceS
9 the wil ncease by the
enegy of e ach orbtal
orbta ls Cwc Stzl
Same Thee foe 3 toes e
reman oegenera te but they haue highe
energ Ehan tbat of toe fee Con.

The - orbütaLs hae Jiffe rent 0rcen tatLons

thee fore tes e orbCtal expe ence Cferent

o tt àctions The orbital yna
fron ig ands
in t e dre ction will e p e e n c e ,
the iq ands
greaten repulsion à n their ene qes be ase

the orbtals yina away from the iqand

will have Lesser n teraction s there fore

en erq ieS wil be Cowe tan that spbeieal

field. Thee fore to toe elecrica L fLe Lo f te

t e energ es te

The con ersion of the fiue deqenera te d-or bcta of

te metaL Lon unto diffevent sets of orbitals baung
dif fe ren t enerq tes te bresence eLectricaL

fielo of igan ds Cry sta l fie lo sputting

th e energ dLffe ence be twe en toe tuo sets of
Lewels
energ9 Cry stal flelo spitting ene9y
Crystal FCe ld St a bt zation
energy LCFse7
Toe atte m splitting depends Upon th e nàt re

the Crystal fielo exer t n its nfwence the

Cen tral me t a l atom| Con
 ¥Chystal FieLd Spitting in Octa hedral Complexes
In the octahedral fielo the igand appro dches
the metaL a tbm | ion through the hence te

ß- orbitals tte wil have

which
through
hig her energy. Thee foe
d-y
orbtal dy yz
high energ 9 àn calCd
eg
Ca lled orbitals
haue Lower ener9 ano ae
teg
eg

Ener99
Average
energy ofd
Spittin g
t2g
orbita Ls in
-rbitaLs of d-orbitals
the free meta l
crystal in octahedral
a tom | on

fAs the igand

a bproàches
Cry s tal Fceld spittig enegy 0ctahedral
Field

The energy f the two eq orbtals

(o-6 4o) ano tthat tbe three

decvease by

For a giuen metal Con 9 the magnitude o f aod ejpend

Opon the nau e the ig and. Some ugands produce
stron field s and hen Ce tbe shittinq is Carge
whe eas Some others pro duce wea R fie loS and hence

they resut n Sma spittin q of - cr bita s

The ligands which cauSe on y Sma deq ree of cy sta(

fielo sputtng Ca lle d
wganes wh le

those whih Large spitting are called Strcn

 fiel Wgandc
àccord nq t te
The a r r n a e ment

maq n c t u e of Ca l e d sbec ro che mecaL Se nles,

2
a F OH C0y
field ig anos

o2 Hy o <NcS < ed ta by NH <en kdipy <No2

f e lo
Strong
L In 9eneral the ig àn ds y ing boNe H 0 a e s o n q

field Lig ands tey cauSe e a ter

sputting On the ot e r the leg an s

below i t Called wea K eld igands
Lesser feld spitting ]
A pattern oce a s g follaueo
Ha Loe oonorS KC onors