Department of Civil Engineering Theory of Structures (CEng3203)

METHOD OF ANALYSIS FOR INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES

DISPLACEMENT METHOD

SLOPE-DEFLECTION METHOD

Example-1 (Two-span continuous beam)

Determine the reactions and draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for the two-span
continuous beam shown in Figure below by the slope-deflection method. 𝐸 is constant.

Solution:

Step-1: Identify the unknown displacements (DoFs) i.e. the unknown translations (∆𝑖 ) and
rotations (𝜃𝑖 ).

Fixed support at point A, 𝜽𝑨 = 𝟎. Rollers support at point B and C, 𝜽𝑩 and 𝜽𝑪 are unknown. At
support C, the beam may translate horizontally. This translation is due to the axial deformation of
the beam. But, in the slope-deflection method axial deformation is neglected.

𝝍𝑨𝑩 = 𝝍𝑩𝑨 = 𝝍𝑩𝑪 = 𝝍𝑪𝑩 = 𝟎 because of there is no support settlement. Therefore, we have two
DoFs only which are 𝜽𝑩 and 𝜽𝑪

Step-2: Determine 𝑭𝑬𝑴 using the standard cases and the table.

𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑨𝑩 𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑩𝑨

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𝑃𝐿 100∗5 𝑃𝐿 100∗5
𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐴𝐵 = = = 62.50𝑘𝑁𝑚 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐵𝐴 = − =− = −62.50𝑘𝑁𝑚
8 8 8 8
𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑩𝑪 𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑪𝑩

𝑤𝐿2 20∗(7.5)2 𝑤𝐿2 20∗(7.5)2

𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐵𝐶 = = = 93.75𝑘𝑁𝑚 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐶𝐵 = − =− = −93.75𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12 12 12

Step-3: Write the SDE (slope-deflection equations) for each member.

93.75𝒌𝑵𝒎
𝟔𝟐. 𝟓𝟎𝒌𝑵𝒎 𝟔𝟐. 𝟓𝟎𝒌𝑵𝒎 93.75𝒌𝑵𝒎

𝜽𝑨 = 𝟎 𝜽𝑪
𝜽𝑩

𝟐𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝒏𝒇 = (𝟐𝜽𝒏 + 𝜽𝒇 − 𝟑𝝍𝒏𝒇 ) + 𝑭𝑬𝑴𝒏𝒇
𝑳

For member AB

2𝐸𝐼
For joint A: 𝑀𝐴𝐵 = 𝐿 (2𝜃𝐴 + 𝜃𝐵 − 3𝜓𝐴𝐵 ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐴𝐵
𝐴𝐵

2𝐸(𝐼)
𝑀𝐴𝐵 = (2 ∗ 0 + 𝜃𝐵 − 3 ∗ 0) + 62.50 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝜃𝐵 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟔𝟐. 𝟓
5

2𝐸𝐼
For joint B: 𝑀𝐵𝐴 = 𝐿 (𝜃𝐴 + 2𝜃𝐵 − 3𝜓𝐴𝐵 ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐵𝐴
𝐴𝐵

2𝐸(𝐼)
𝑀𝐵𝐴 = (2 ∗ 0 + 2𝜃𝐵 − 3 ∗ 0) − 62.50 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝜃𝐵 𝑬𝑰 − 𝟔𝟐. 𝟓
5

For member BC

2𝐸𝐼
For joint B: 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 𝐿 (2𝜃𝐵 + 𝜃𝐶 − 3𝜓𝐵𝐶 ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐵𝐶
𝐵𝐶

2𝐸(3𝐼)
𝑀𝐵𝐶 = (2 ∗ 𝜃𝐵 + 𝜃𝐶 − 3 ∗ 0) + 93.75 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝜽𝑩 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟎. 𝟖𝜽𝑪 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟗𝟑. 𝟕𝟓
7.5

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Department of Civil Engineering Theory of Structures (CEng3203)

2𝐸𝐼
For joint C: 𝑀𝐶𝐵 = 𝐿 (𝜃𝐵 + 2𝜃𝐶 − 3𝜓𝐵𝐶 ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐶𝐵
𝐵𝐶

2𝐸(3𝐼)
𝑀𝐶𝐵 = (𝜃𝐵 + 2𝜃𝐶 − 3 ∗ 0) − 93.75 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝜃𝐵 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟏. 𝟔𝜽𝑪 𝑬𝑰 − 𝟗𝟑. 𝟕𝟓
7.5

Step-4: Write EQE (Equilibrium Equation) ∑ 𝑀 = 0 for joints.

The directions of the Member End Moments (MEM) can be obtained by assuming the member
end moments in the positive sense as shown in the Figure.

With the help of this figure for the equilibrium of joint B (internal roller), we have ∑ 𝑀𝐵 = 0

𝑴𝑩𝑨 + 𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝟎

Similarly at joint C (roller support) 𝑴𝑪𝑩 = 𝟎

Step-5: Solve for the unknown displacements (𝜃𝑖 ) by substituting the SDE into the EQE.

For joint B: 𝑴𝑩𝑨 + 𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝟎

0.8𝜃𝐵 𝐸𝐼 − 62.5 + 1.6𝜃𝐵 𝐸𝐼 + 0.8𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 + 93.75 = 0

2.40𝜃𝐵 𝐸𝐼 + 0.8𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 = −31.25 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 1.1

For joint C: 𝑀𝐶𝐵 = 0

0.8𝜃𝐵 𝐸𝐼 + 1.60𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 = 93.75 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … .1.2

Solving equations 1.1 and 1.2 simultaneously, we have

𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑩 = −𝟑𝟗. 𝟎𝟔𝟐𝟓𝒌𝑵. 𝒎𝟐 and 𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑩 = 𝟕𝟖. 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝒌𝑵. 𝒎𝟐

Step-6: Determine final end moments (MEMs) 𝑴𝒊𝒋 , 𝑴𝒋𝒊 for each member by back substitution of
the unknown displacements into the slope-deflection equations.

𝑴𝑨𝑩 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝜃𝐵 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟔𝟐. 𝟓

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 Department of Civil Engineering Theory of Structures (CEng3203)

𝑀𝐴𝐵 = 0.4(−39.0625) + 62.5 = 46.875𝑘𝑁𝑚(↺)

𝑴𝑩𝑨 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝜃𝐵 𝑬𝑰 − 𝟔𝟐. 𝟓

𝑀𝐵𝐴 = 0.8(−39.0625) − 62.5 = −93.75𝑘𝑁𝑚 = 93.75𝑘𝑁𝑚(↻)

𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝜽𝑩 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟎. 𝟖𝜽𝑪 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟗𝟑. 𝟕𝟓

𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 1.6(−39.0625) + 0.8(78.125) + 93.75 = +93.75𝑘𝑁𝑚(↺)

𝑴𝑪𝑩 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝜃𝐵 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟏. 𝟔𝜽𝑪 𝑬𝑰 − 𝟗𝟑. 𝟕𝟓

𝑀𝐶𝐵 = 0.8(−39.0625) + 1.6(78.125) − 93.75 = 0

Step-7: Determine member end shear and the support reactions by using equilibrium equations for
each member.

𝟒𝟔. 𝟖𝟕𝟓𝒌𝑵𝒎
𝟗𝟑. 𝟕𝟓𝒌𝑵𝒎

𝑹𝑨 𝑹𝑩𝑳

↑ + ∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0; ⇒ 𝑅𝐴 + 𝑅𝐵𝐿 − 100 = 0 ⇒ 𝑅𝐴 + 𝑅𝐵𝐿 = 100

↺ + ∑ 𝑀𝐴 = 0 ⇒ 𝑅𝐵𝐿 ∗ 5 − 100 ∗ 2.5 + 46.875 − 93.75 = 0

𝑹𝑩𝑳 = 𝟓𝟗. 𝟑𝟕𝟓𝒌𝑵(↑) and 𝑹𝑨 = 𝟒𝟎. 𝟔𝟐𝟓𝒌𝑵(↑)

𝟗𝟑. 𝟕𝟓𝒌𝑵𝒎

𝑹𝑩𝑹 𝑹𝑪

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Department of Civil Engineering Theory of Structures (CEng3203)

↑ + ∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0; ⇒ 𝑅𝐵𝑅 + 𝑅𝐶 − 20 ∗ 7.5 = 0 ⇒ 𝑅𝐵𝑅 + 𝑅𝐶 = 150

↺ + ∑ 𝑀𝐵 = 0 ⇒ 𝑅𝐶 ∗ 7.5 − 20 ∗ 7.5 ∗ 3.75 + 93.75 = 0

𝑹𝑪 = 𝟔𝟐. 𝟓𝟎𝒌𝑵(↑) and 𝑹𝑩𝑹 = 𝟖𝟕. 𝟓𝟎𝒌𝑵(↑)

By considering the equilibrium of joint B in the vertical direction, we obtain

𝑅𝐵 = 𝑅𝐵𝐿 + 𝑅𝐵𝑅 = 59.375 + 87.50 = 𝟏𝟒𝟔. 𝟖𝟕𝟓𝒌𝑵(↑)

Step-8: Draw shear force and bending moment diagrams.

Example-2 (Two-span continuous beam with support settlement)

For the two-span continuous beam shown, support B settles 10𝑚𝑚 downward. Use the slope-
deflection method to: Take 𝐸 = 200𝐺𝑃𝑎, 𝐼 = 200 ∗ 106 𝑚𝑚4

a) Determine all the slopes at supports

b) Determine all the reactions at supports

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Department of Civil Engineering Theory of Structures (CEng3203)

c) Draw its quantitative shear force, bending moment diagrams, and qualitative deflected
shape.

𝐸𝐼 = (200 ∗ 106 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 )(200 ∗ 10−6 𝑚4 ) = 40000𝑘𝑁 ⁄𝑚2

Solution

Step-1: Identify the unknown displacements (DoFs) i.e. the unknown translations (∆𝑖 ) and
rotations (𝜃𝑖 ).

Fixed support at point C, 𝜽𝑪 = 𝟎. Rollers support at point A and B, 𝜽𝑨 and 𝜽𝑩 are unknown.

Because of settlement of joint B, joint B is coming down with respect to joint A and the member
AB rotating clockwise and its rotation is negative.

𝜟 𝟏𝟎∗𝟏𝟎−𝟑
𝝍𝑨𝑩 = 𝝍𝑩𝑨 = − 𝑳 =− = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟓𝒓𝒂𝒅
𝑨𝑩 𝟖

Similarly with respect to joint C, joint B going up and the member CB rotating counter-clockwise
and its rotation is positive.

𝜟 𝟏𝟎∗𝟏𝟎−𝟑
𝝍𝑩𝑪 = 𝝍𝑪𝑩 = 𝑳 = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟔𝟕𝒓𝒂𝒅
𝑩𝑪 𝟔

Therefore, we have two DoFs only. 𝜽𝑨 and 𝜽𝑩

Step-2: Determine 𝑭𝑬𝑴 using the standard cases and the table.

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Department of Civil Engineering Theory of Structures (CEng3203)

𝑃𝐿 10∗8 𝑃𝐿 10∗8
𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐴𝐵 = = = 10𝑘𝑁𝑚 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐵𝐴 = − =− = −10𝑘𝑁𝑚
8 8 8 8

𝑤𝐿2 6∗(6)2 𝑤𝐿2 6∗(6)2

𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐵𝐶 = = = 7.2𝑘𝑁𝑚 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐶𝐵 = − =− = −10.8𝑘𝑁𝑚
30 30 20 20

Step-3: Write the SDE (slope-deflection equations) for each member.

𝟐𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝒏𝒇 = (𝟐𝜽𝒏 + 𝜽𝒇 − 𝟑𝝍𝒏𝒇 ) + 𝑭𝑬𝑴𝒏𝒇
𝑳

For member AB

2𝐸𝐼
For joint A: 𝑀𝐴𝐵 = 𝐿 (2𝜃𝐴 + 𝜃𝐵 − 3𝜓𝐴𝐵 ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐴𝐵
𝐴𝐵

2𝐸(2𝐼)
𝑀𝐴𝐵 = [2𝜃𝐴 + 𝜃𝐵 − 3(−0.00125)] + 10 = 𝜃𝐴 𝑬𝑰 + 0.5𝜃𝐵 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟓𝑬𝑰 + 𝟏𝟎
8

For member BC

2𝐸𝐼
For joint B: 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 𝐿 (2𝜃𝐵 + 𝜃𝐶 − 3𝜓𝐵𝐶 ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐵𝐶
𝐵𝐶

2𝐸(3𝐼)
𝑀𝐵𝐶 = [2𝜃𝐵 + 0 − 3(0.00167)] + 7.2 = 𝟐𝜽𝑩 𝑬𝑰 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟎𝟏𝑬𝑰 + 𝟕. 𝟐
6

2𝐸𝐼
For joint C: 𝑀𝐶𝐵 = 𝐿 (𝜃𝐵 + 2𝜃𝐶 − 3𝜓𝐵𝐶 ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐶𝐵
𝐵𝐶

2𝐸(3𝐼)
𝑀𝐶𝐵 = [𝜃𝐵 + 0 − 3(0.00167)] − 10.8 = 𝜃𝐵 𝑬𝑰 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟎𝟏𝑬𝑰 − 𝟏𝟎. 𝟖
6

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Step-4: Write EQE (Equilibrium Equation) ∑ 𝑀 = 0 for joints.

The directions of the Member End Moments (MEM) can be obtained by assuming the member
end moments in the positive sense as shown in the side Figure.

𝑴𝑩𝑨 𝑴𝑩𝑪

With the help of this figure for the equilibrium of joint B (internal roller), we have ∑ 𝑀𝐵 = 0
−𝑴𝑩𝑨 − 𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝟎

Similarly, for the equilibrium of joint A (roller support), we have ∑ 𝑀𝐴 = 0

Step-5: Solve for the unknown displacements (𝜃𝑖 ) by substituting the SDE into the EQE.
For joint B:−𝑴𝑩𝑨 − 𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝟎
0.5𝜃𝐴 𝐸𝐼 + 𝜃𝐵 𝐸𝐼 + 0.001875𝐸𝐼 − 10 + 2𝜃𝐵 𝐸𝐼 − 0.00501𝐸𝐼 + 7.2 = 0
0.5𝜃𝐴 𝐸𝐼 + 3𝜃𝐵 𝐸𝐼 − 0.003135𝐸𝐼 = 2.8 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 2.1
For joint A: 𝑴𝑨𝑩 = −𝟏𝟐𝒌𝑵𝒎
𝜃𝐴 𝐸𝐼 + 0.5𝜃𝐵 𝐸𝐼 + 0.001875𝐸𝐼 = −22 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … .2.2
 Solving equations 2.1 and 2.2 simultaneously, we have
𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑨 = −𝟏𝟐𝟗. 𝟎𝟔𝒌𝑵. 𝒎𝟐 and 𝐸𝐼𝜽𝑩 = 𝟔𝟒. 𝟏𝟎𝟗𝒌𝑵. 𝒎𝟐
Step-6: Determine final end moments (MEMs) 𝑴𝒊𝒋 , 𝑴𝒋𝒊 for each member by back substitution of
the unknown displacements into the slope-deflection equations.
𝑴𝑨𝑩 = 𝜃𝐴 𝑬𝑰 + 0.5𝜃𝐵 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟓𝑬𝑰 + 𝟏𝟎
𝑀𝐴𝐵 = (−129.06) + 0.5(64.109) + 0.001875(40000) + 10
= −12𝑘𝑁𝑚 = 12𝑘𝑁𝑚(↻)

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𝑴𝑩𝑨 = 0.5𝜃𝐴 𝑬𝑰 + 𝜃𝐵 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟓𝑬𝑰 − 𝟏𝟎

𝑀𝐵𝐴 = 0.5(−129.06) + (64.109) + 0.001875(40000) − 10 = +64.98𝑘𝑁𝑚(↺)
𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝟐𝜽𝑩 𝑬𝑰 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟎𝟏𝑬𝑰 + 𝟕. 𝟐
𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 2(64.109) − 0.00501(40000) + 7.2 = −64.98𝑘𝑁𝑚 = 64.98𝑘𝑁𝑚(↻)
𝑴𝑪𝑩 = 𝜃𝐵 𝑬𝑰 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟎𝟏𝑬𝑰 − 𝟏𝟎. 𝟖
𝑀𝐶𝐵 = (64.109)𝐸𝐼 − 0.00501(40000) − 10.8 = −146.69𝑘𝑁𝑚 = 146.69𝑘𝑁𝑚(↻)
Step-7: Determine member end shear and the support reactions by using equilibrium equations for
each member.

Step-8: Draw shear force and bending moment diagrams.

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Department of Civil Engineering Theory of Structures (CEng3203)

Example-3 (Continuous beam with support settlement and overhanging portion)

A continuous beam is supported and loaded as shown in the Figure. During loading support B
sinks by10𝑚𝑚. Using Slope-Deflection method, analyze the beam for support moments and
reactions. Take 𝐸 = 200𝐺𝑃𝑎, 𝐼 = 100 ∗ 106 𝑚𝑚4

𝐸𝐼 = (200 ∗ 106 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 )(100 ∗ 10−6 𝑚4 ) = 20000𝑘𝑁 ⁄𝑚2

Solution

Step-1: Identify the unknown displacements (DoFs) i.e. the unknown translations (∆𝑖 ) and
rotations (𝜃𝑖 ).

Since the moment and shear at end C of the overhanging portion of the beam can be computed
directly by applying the equations of equilibrium, it is not necessary to include this member in the
analysis. But the moment of 20𝑘𝑁 ∗ 2𝑚 = 40𝑘𝑁𝑚(↻) and the downward force of 20𝑘𝑁 exerted
by this portion on the remaining indeterminate beam A-C should be included in the analysis.

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For this remaining indeterminate beam portion A-C, the unknowns are 𝜽𝑩 and 𝜽𝑪 and because of
sinking of support B, the member rotations and their values are shown in Figure below.

Step-2: Determine 𝑭𝑬𝑴 using the standard cases and the table.

𝑃𝐿 40∗4 𝑃𝐿 40∗4
𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐴𝐵 = = = 20𝑘𝑁𝑚 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐵𝐴 = − =− = −20𝑘𝑁𝑚
8 8 8 8

𝑤𝐿2 10∗(6)2 𝑤𝐿2 10∗(6)2

𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 12
= 12
= 30𝑘𝑁𝑚 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐶𝐵 = − 12
=− 12
= −30𝑘𝑁𝑚

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Department of Civil Engineering Theory of Structures (CEng3203)

Step-3: Write the SDE (slope-deflection equations) for each member.

𝟐𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝒏𝒇 = (𝟐𝜽𝒏 + 𝜽𝒇 − 𝟑𝝍𝒏𝒇 ) + 𝑭𝑬𝑴𝒏𝒇
𝑳

For member AB

2𝐸𝐼
For joint A: 𝑀𝐴𝐵 = 𝐿 (2𝜃𝐴 + 𝜃𝐵 − 3𝜓𝐴𝐵 ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐴𝐵
𝐴𝐵

2𝐸𝐼
𝑀𝐴𝐵 = [2 ∗ 0 + 𝜃𝐵 − 3(−0.0025)] + 20 = 0.5𝜃𝐵 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟕𝟓𝑬𝑰 + 𝟐𝟎
4

2𝐸𝐼
For joint B: 𝑀𝐵𝐴 = 𝐿 (𝜃𝐴 + 2𝜃𝐵 − 3𝜓𝐴𝐵 ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐵𝐴
𝐴𝐵

2𝐸𝐼
𝑀𝐵𝐴 = [0 + 2𝜃𝐵 − 3(−0.0025)] − 20 = 𝜃𝐵 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟕𝟓𝑬𝑰 − 𝟐𝟎
4

For member BC

2𝐸𝐼
For joint B: 𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 𝐿 (2𝜃𝐵 + 𝜃𝐶 − 3𝜓𝐵𝐶 ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐵𝐶
𝐵𝐶

2𝐸𝐼
𝑀𝐵𝐶 = [2𝜃𝐵 + 𝜃𝐶 − 3(0.00167)] + 30 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕𝜽𝑩 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑𝜽𝑪 𝑬𝑰 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟔𝟕𝑬𝑰 + 𝟑𝟎
6

2𝐸𝐼
For joint C: 𝑀𝐶𝐵 = 𝐿 (𝜃𝐵 + 2𝜃𝐶 − 3𝜓𝐵𝐶 ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐶𝐵
𝐵𝐶

2𝐸𝐼
𝑀𝐶𝐵 = [𝜃𝐵 + 2𝜃𝐶 − 3(0.00167)] − 30 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑𝜽𝑩 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕𝜽𝑪 𝑬𝑰 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟔𝟕𝑬𝑰 − 𝟑𝟎
6

Step-4: Write EQE (Equilibrium Equation) ∑ 𝑀 = 0 for joints.

The directions of the Member End Moments (MEM) can be obtained by assuming the member
end moments in the positive sense as shown in the Figure.

𝑴𝑨 𝑴𝑨𝑩 𝑴𝑩𝑨 𝑴𝑩𝑪 𝑴𝑪𝑩

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Department of Civil Engineering Theory of Structures (CEng3203)

With the help of this figure for the equilibrium of joint B (internal roller), we have ∑ 𝑀𝐵 = 0

−𝑴𝑩𝑨 − 𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝟎

Similarly, for the equilibrium of joint C (roller support), we have ∑ 𝑀𝐶 = 0 ⇒ −𝑴𝑪𝑩 − 𝟒𝟎 = 𝟎

Step-5: Solve for the unknown displacements (𝜃𝑖 ) by substituting the SDE into the EQE.

For joint B:−𝑴𝑩𝑨 − 𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝟎

𝜃𝐵 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟕𝟓𝑬𝑰 − 𝟐𝟎 + 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕𝜽𝑩 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑𝜽𝑪 𝑬𝑰 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟔𝟕𝑬𝑰 + 𝟑𝟎 = 𝟎

1.67𝜃𝐵 𝐸𝐼 + 0.33𝜃𝐵 𝐸𝐼 + 0.00375𝐸𝐼 = −10 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . .3.1

For joint C: −𝑴𝑪𝑩 − 𝟒𝟎 = 𝟎

0.33𝜃𝐵 𝐸𝐼 + 0.67𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 − 0.00167𝐸𝐼 = −70 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 3.2

 Solving equations 3.1 and 3.2 simultaneously, we have

𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑩 = −𝟒𝟐. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝒌𝑵. 𝒎𝟐 and 𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑪 = 𝟓𝟔. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝒌𝑵. 𝒎𝟐

Step-6: Determine final end moments (MEMs) 𝑴𝒊𝒋 , 𝑴𝒋𝒊 for each member by back substitution of
the unknown displacements into the slope-deflection equations.

𝑴𝑨𝑩 = 0.5𝜃𝐵 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟕𝟓𝑬𝑰 + 𝟐𝟎

𝑀𝐴𝐵 = 0.5(−42.222) + 0.00375(20000) + 20 = +73.889𝑘𝑁𝑚(↺)

𝑴𝑩𝑨 = 𝜃𝐵 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟕𝟓𝑬𝑰 − 𝟐𝟎

𝑀𝐵𝐴 = (−42.222) + 0.00375(20000) − 20 = 12.778𝑘𝑁𝑚(↺)

𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕𝜽𝑩 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑𝜽𝑪 𝑬𝑰 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟔𝟕𝑬𝑰 + 𝟑𝟎

𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 0.67(−42.222)𝐸𝐼 + 0.33(56.111) − 0.00167(20000) + 30

= −12.778𝑘𝑁𝑚 = 12.778𝑘𝑁𝑚(↻)

𝑴𝑪𝑩 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑𝜽𝑩 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕𝜽𝑪 𝑬𝑰 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟔𝟕𝑬𝑰 − 𝟑𝟎

𝑀𝐶𝐵 = 0.33(−42.222) + 0.67(56.111) − 0.00167(20000) − 30 = −40𝑘𝑁𝑚 = 40𝑘𝑁𝑚(↻)

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Department of Civil Engineering Theory of Structures (CEng3203)

Step-7: Determine member end shear and the support reactions by using equilibrium equations for
each member.

𝟕𝟑. 𝟖𝟖𝟗𝒌𝑵𝒎 𝟐𝟎𝒌𝑵

𝟏𝟐. 𝟕𝟕𝟖𝒌𝑵𝒎 𝟒𝟎𝒌𝑵𝒎

𝑹𝑨 = 𝟒𝟏. 𝟔𝟕𝒌𝑵 𝑹𝑩𝑳 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟕𝒌𝑵 𝑹𝑩𝑹 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟐𝟎𝟒𝒌𝑵 𝑹𝑪𝑳 = 𝟓𝟖. 𝟕𝟗𝟔𝒌𝑵

𝟒𝟎𝒌𝑵𝒎

𝑹𝑪𝑹 = 𝟐𝟎𝒌𝑵

By considering the equilibrium of joint B and C in the vertical direction, we obtain

𝑅𝐵 = −1.67 + 21.204 = 19.534kN

𝑅𝐶 = 58.796 + 20 − 20 = 58.796kN

Step-8: Draw shear force and bending moment diagrams.

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Department of Civil Engineering Theory of Structures (CEng3203)

Example-4 (Frame without side sway)

Determine the member end moments, the support reactions, and draw the quantitative shear,
bending moment diagrams and qualitative deflected curve for frame shown in the Figure below by
Slope-Deflection method. 𝑬 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝑮𝑷𝒂

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Department of Civil Engineering Theory of Structures (CEng3203)

Solution

Step-1: Identify the unknown displacements (DoFs) i.e. the unknown translations (∆𝑖 ) and
rotations (𝜃𝑖 ).

Side-sway of Frames

The lateral displacement of frames are commonly referred to as side-sway. When the portal frame
is likely to sway, i.e. it will displace the vertical members in the horizontal direction, thus the frame
whose joints undergo translations are termed frame with side-way whereas the frames without
joint translations are called frames without side-sway. The number of independent joint
translations is commonly referred to as the side-sway degrees of freedom (SS). The plane frames
sway in the following situations:

i. Unsymmetrical frame even though the load is symmetrical.

ii. Unsymmetrical loading on the plane frame (even though the frame is geometrically
symmetrical).
iii. Different end conditions of columns and unequal column heights.
iv. The flexural rigidity EI is not symmetric about axis symmetry.
v. Horizontal loading on columns.
vi. Settlement of supports.
vii. Any combination of the above.

For an arbitrary plane frame subjected to general coplanar loading, the side-sway can be
determined by:

a) By observing the symmetry, support conditions, and the loading.

b) Investigating the sway mechanism.
c) Sketching the deflected shape.
d) Using the expression 𝑆𝑆 = 2𝑗 − [2(𝑓 + ℎ) + 𝑟𝑠 + 𝑚] in which 𝑗 =number of joints;
𝑓 =number of fixed supports; ℎ =number of hinged supports; 𝑟𝑠 =number of roller
supports, and 𝑚 =number of inextensible members.

Therefore, in our case; 𝑗 = 5, 𝑓 = 1, ℎ = 2, 𝑟𝑠 = 0, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚 = 4.

𝑆𝑆 = 2𝑗 − [2(𝑓 + ℎ) + 𝑟𝑠 + 𝑚] = 2 ∗ 5 − [2(1 + 2) + 0 + 4] = 0

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Department of Civil Engineering Theory of Structures (CEng3203)

The frame is prevented to sway (𝑠𝑠 = 0), and because of no side sway of joints, the members’
rotation is zero. There is no rotation at support A. Thus, the frame has four degrees of freedom-
that is 𝜽𝑩 , 𝜽𝑪 , 𝜽𝑫 , and 𝜽𝑬 .

Step-2: Determine 𝑭𝑬𝑴 using the standard cases and the table.

𝑤𝐿2 5∗(4)2 𝑤𝐿2 5∗(4)2

𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐶𝐸 = = = 6.67𝑘𝑁𝑚 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐸𝐶 = − =− = −6.67𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12 12 12

𝑃𝐿 25∗6 𝑃𝐿 25∗6
𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐵𝐶 = = = 18.75𝑘𝑁𝑚 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐶𝐵 = − =− = −18.75𝑘𝑁𝑚
8 8 8 8

FEM for member AB, and CD is zero because of there is no external loaded.

Step-3: Write the SDE (slope-deflection equations) for each member.

𝟐𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝒏𝒇 = (𝟐𝜽𝒏 + 𝜽𝒇 − 𝟑𝝍𝒏𝒇 ) + 𝑭𝑬𝑴𝒏𝒇
𝑳

For member AB

2𝐸𝐼
For joint A: 𝑀𝐴𝐵 = 𝐿 (2𝜃𝐴 + 𝜃𝐵 − 3𝜓𝐴𝐵 ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐴𝐵
𝐴𝐶

2𝐸(2𝐼)
𝑀𝐴𝐵 = [2 ∗ 0 + 𝜃𝐵 − 3 ∗ 0] + 0 = 0.8𝜃𝐵 𝑬𝑰
5

For joint B:

2𝐸𝐼
𝑀𝐵𝐴 = 𝐿 (𝜃𝐴 + 2𝜃𝐵 − 3𝜓𝐴𝐵 ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐵𝐴
𝐴𝐵

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Department of Civil Engineering Theory of Structures (CEng3203)

2𝐸(2𝐼)
𝑀𝐵𝐴 = [0 + 2𝜃𝐵 − 3 ∗ 0] − 0 = 1.6𝜃𝐵 𝑬𝑰
5

2𝐸𝐼
𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 𝐿 (2𝜃𝐵 + 𝜃𝐶 − 3𝜓𝐵𝐶 ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐵𝐶
𝐵𝐶

2𝐸(4𝐼)
𝑀𝐵𝐶 = [2𝜃𝐵 + 𝜃𝐶 − 3 ∗ 0] + 18.75 = 2.67𝜃𝐵 𝑬𝑰 + 1.33𝜃𝐶 𝑬𝑰 + 18.75
6

For joint C:

2𝐸𝐼
𝑀𝐶𝐵 = 𝐿 (2𝜃𝐶 + 𝜃𝐵 − 3𝜓𝐵𝐶 ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐶𝐵
𝐵𝐶

2𝐸(4𝐼)
𝑀𝐶𝐵 = [2𝜃𝐶 + 𝜃𝐵 − 3 ∗ 0] − 18.75 = 1.33𝜃𝐵 𝑬𝑰 + 2.67𝜃𝐶 𝑬𝑰 − 18.75
6

2𝐸
𝑀𝐶𝐸 = 𝐿 (2𝜃𝐶 + 𝜃𝐸 − 3𝜓𝐶𝐸 ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐶𝐸
𝐶𝐸

2𝐸(3𝐼)
𝑀𝐶𝐸 = [2𝜃𝐶 + 𝜃𝐸 − 3 ∗ 0] + 6.67 = 3𝜃𝐶 𝑬𝑰 + 1.5𝜃𝐸 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟔. 𝟔𝟕
4

2𝐸𝐼
𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 𝐿 (2𝜃𝐶 + 𝜃𝐷 − 3𝜓𝐶𝐷 ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐶𝐷
𝐶𝐷

2𝐸𝐼
𝑀𝐶𝐷 = [2𝜃𝐶 + 𝜃𝐷 − 3 ∗ 0] + 0 = 0.8𝜃𝐶 𝑬𝑰 + 0.4𝜃𝐷 𝑬𝑰
5

For joint D:

2𝐸𝐼
𝑀𝐷𝐶 = 𝐿 (2𝜃𝐷 + 𝜃𝐶 − 3𝜓𝐷𝐶 ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐷𝐶
𝐷𝐶

2𝐸𝐼
𝑀𝐷𝐶 = [2𝜃𝐷 + 𝜃𝐶 − 3 ∗ 0] − 0 = 0.8𝜃𝐷 𝑬𝑰 + 0.4𝜃𝐶 𝑬𝑰
5

2𝐸𝐼
For joint E: 𝑀𝐸𝐶 = 𝐿 (2𝜃𝐸 + 𝜃𝐶 − 3𝜓𝐸𝐶 ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐸𝐶
𝐸𝐶

2𝐸(3𝐼)
𝑀𝐸𝐶 = [2𝜃𝐸 + 𝜃𝐶 − 3 ∗ 0] − 6.67 = 3𝜃𝐸 𝑬𝑰 + 1.5𝜃𝐶 𝑬𝑰 − 𝟔. 𝟔𝟕
4

Step-4: Write EQE (Equilibrium Equation) ∑ 𝑀 = 0 for joints.

The directions of the Member End Moments (MEM) can be obtained by assuming the member
end moments in the positive sense as shown in the Figure.

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Department of Civil Engineering Theory of Structures (CEng3203)

𝑴𝑩𝑪
𝑴𝑪𝑩 𝑴𝑪𝑬

𝑴𝑩𝑨
𝑴𝑪𝑫

𝑴𝑨𝑩

𝑴𝑨
The equilibrium equations at joints B, C, D, and E are:
Joint B: 𝑴𝑩𝑨 + 𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝟎
Joint C: 𝑴𝑪𝑩 + 𝑴𝑪𝑫 + 𝑴𝑪𝑬 = 𝟎
Joint D: 𝑴𝑫𝑪 = 𝟎
Joint E: 𝑴𝑬𝑪 = 𝟎
Step-5: Solve for the unknown displacements (𝜃𝑖 ) by substituting the SDE into the EQE.
Joint B: 𝑴𝑩𝑨 + 𝑴𝑩𝑪 = 𝟎
1.6𝜃𝐵 𝑬𝑰 + 2.67𝜃𝐵 𝑬𝑰 + 1.33𝜃𝐶 𝑬𝑰 + 18.75 = 𝟎
⇒ 4.27𝜃𝐵 𝐸𝐼 + 1.33𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 = −18.75 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 4.1
Joint C: 𝑴𝑪𝑩 + 𝑴𝑪𝑫 + 𝑴𝑪𝑬 = 𝟎
1.33𝜃𝐵 𝑬𝑰 + 2.67𝜃𝐶 𝑬𝑰 − 18.75 + 0.8𝜃𝐶 𝑬𝑰 + 0.4𝜃𝐷 𝑬𝑰 + 3𝜃𝐶 𝑬𝑰 + 1.5𝜃𝐸 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟔. 𝟔𝟕 = 𝟎
⇒ 1.33𝜃𝐵 𝐸𝐼 + 6.47𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 + 0.4𝜃𝐷 𝐸𝐼 + 1.5𝜃𝐸 𝐸𝐼 = 12.08 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 4.2
Joint D: 𝑴𝑫𝑪 = 𝟎
0.8𝜃𝐷 𝐸𝐼 + 0.4𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 = 0 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 4.3
Joint E: 𝑴𝑬𝑪 = 𝟎

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Department of Civil Engineering Theory of Structures (CEng3203)

3𝜃𝐸 𝐸𝐼 + 1.5𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 = 6.67 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 4.4

Solving equations 4.1 through 4.4 simultaneously, we have
𝐸𝐼𝜃𝐵 = −5.29𝑘𝑁. 𝑚2 𝐸𝐼𝜃𝐷 = −1.43𝑘𝑁. 𝑚2
𝐸𝐼𝜃𝐶 = 2.86𝑘𝑁. 𝑚2 𝐸𝐼𝜃𝐸 = 0.793𝑘𝑁. 𝑚2
Step-6: Determine final end moments (MEMs) 𝑴𝒊𝒋 , 𝑴𝒋𝒊 for each member by back substitution of
the unknown displacements into the slope-deflection equations.

𝑀𝐴𝐵 = 0.8𝜃𝐵 𝐸𝐼 = 0.8(−5.29) = −4.23𝑘𝑁𝑚 = 4.23𝑘𝑁𝑚(↻)

𝑀𝐵𝐴 = 1.6𝜃𝐵 𝐸𝐼 = 1.6(−203.25) = −8.46𝑘𝑁𝑚 = 8.46𝑘𝑁𝑚(↻)

𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 2.67𝜃𝐵 𝐸𝐼 + 1.33𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 + 18.75 = 2.67(−5.29) + 1.33(2.86) + 18.75

= +8.46𝑘𝑁𝑚(↺)

𝑀𝐶𝐵 = 1.33𝜃𝐵 𝐸𝐼 + 2.67𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 − 18.75 = 1.33(−5.29) + 2.67(2.86) − 18.75

= −18.18𝑘𝑁𝑚 = 18.18𝑘𝑁𝑚(↻)

𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 0.8𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 + 0.4𝜃𝐷 𝐸𝐼 = 0.8(2.86) + 0.4(−1.43) = +1.72𝑘𝑁𝑚(↺)

𝑀𝐶𝐸 = 3𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 + 1.5𝜃𝐸 𝐸𝐼 + 6.67 = 3(2.86) + 1.5(0.793) + 6.67 = +16.44𝑘𝑁𝑚(↺)

Checking

𝑀𝐷𝐶 = 0.8𝜃𝐷 𝐸𝐼 + 0.4𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 = 0.8(−1.43) + 0.4(2.86) = 0 … … … … … … . 𝑂𝑘!

𝑀𝐸𝐶 = 3𝜃𝐸 𝐸𝐼 + 1.5𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 − 6.67 = 3(0.793) + 1.5(2.86) − 6.67 = 0 … … … … 𝑂𝑘!

Step-7: Determine member end shear and the support reactions by using equilibrium equations for
each member.

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Department of Civil Engineering Theory of Structures (CEng3203)

𝟐. 𝟐𝒌𝑵

𝟓. 𝟖𝟗𝒌𝑵

𝟐. 𝟓𝟒𝒌𝑵 𝟒. 𝟐𝟑𝒌𝑵𝒎
𝟎. 𝟑𝟒𝒌𝑵

𝟏𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝒌𝑵 𝟐𝟖. 𝟐𝟑𝒌𝑵

Step-8: Draw the quantitative shear, bending moment diagrams and qualitative deflected curve.

Analysis of indeterminate structures by Slope-Deflection Method Page 21

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Analysis of indeterminate structures by Slope-Deflection Method Page 22

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Example-5 (Frame with side sway)

Determine the member end moments, the support reactions, and the horizontal deflection of joint
F of the two-story frame shown in the Figure below by Slope-Deflection method.

Use 𝐸 = 200𝐺𝑃𝑎, 𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠 = 252 ∗ 106 𝑚𝑚4 and 𝐼𝑔𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑠 = 504 ∗ 106 𝑚𝑚4

Solution

Step-1: Identify the unknown displacements (DoFs) i.e. the unknown translations (∆𝑖 ) and
rotations (𝜃𝑖 ).

As shown in the deflected shape of the frame, joints C, D, E, and F are free to rotate, and translate
in the horizontal direction.

𝑗 = 6, 𝑓 = 2, ℎ = 0, 𝑟𝑠 = 0, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚 = 6.

𝑆𝑆 = 2𝑗 − [2(𝑓 + ℎ) + 𝑟𝑠 + 𝑚] = 2 ∗ 6 − [2(2 + 0) + 0 + 6] = 2

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Department of Civil Engineering Theory of Structures (CEng3203)

The horizontal displacement of the first-story joints C and D is designated as ∆1, whereas
horizontal displacement of the first-story joints E and F is expressed as ∆1 + ∆2, with ∆2
representing the displacement of the second-story joints relative to the first-story joints. Thus, the
frame has six degrees of freedom-that is 𝜽𝑪 , 𝜽𝑫 , 𝜽𝑬 , 𝜽𝑭 , ∆𝟏 , and ∆𝟐 .

Because of side sway of joints C and D, the member AC and BD rotating clockwise and its rotation
is negative.

∆𝟏 ∆𝟏
𝝍𝑨𝑪 = 𝝍𝑩𝑫 = − =−
𝑳𝑨𝑪 𝟓

∆𝟐 ∆𝟐
Similarly, 𝝍𝑪𝑬 = 𝝍𝑫𝑭 = − =− and𝝍𝑪𝑫 = 𝝍𝑬𝑭 = 0.
𝑳𝑪𝑬 𝟓

Step-2: Determine 𝑭𝑬𝑴 using the standard cases and the table.
𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑬𝑭 𝑤 = 24𝑘𝑁 ⁄𝑚
𝑤 = 24𝑘𝑁 ⁄𝑚 𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑫𝑪 𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑭𝑬
𝑭𝑬𝑴𝑪𝑫

𝑤𝐿2 24∗(10)2
𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐸𝐹 = = = 200𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12

𝑤𝐿2 24∗(10)2
𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐷𝐶 = 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐹𝐸 = − =− = −200𝑘𝑁𝑚
12 12

FEM for member AC, CE, BD, and DE is zero because of there is no external loads on

Step-3: Write the SDE (slope-deflection equations) for each member.

𝟐𝑬𝑰
𝑴𝒏𝒇 = (𝟐𝜽𝒏 + 𝜽𝒇 − 𝟑𝝍𝒏𝒇 ) + 𝑭𝑬𝑴𝒏𝒇
𝑳

For member AC

2𝐸𝐼
For joint A: 𝑀𝐴𝐶 = 𝐿 (2𝜃𝐴 + 𝜃𝐶 − 3𝜓𝐴𝐶 ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐴𝐶
𝐴𝐶

2𝐸𝐼 ∆
𝑀𝐴𝐶 = [2 ∗ 0 + 𝜃𝐶 − 3 (− 51 )] + 0 = 0.4𝜃𝐶 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟎. 𝟐𝟒𝑬𝑰∆1
5

2𝐸𝐼
For joint C: 𝑀𝐶𝐴 = 𝐿 (𝜃𝐴 + 2𝜃𝐶 − 3𝜓𝐴𝐶 ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐶𝐴
𝐴𝐶

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2𝐸𝐼 ∆
𝑀𝐶𝐴 = [0 + 2𝜃𝐶 − 3 (− 51 )] − 0 = 0.8𝜃𝐶 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟎. 𝟐𝟒𝑬𝑰∆1
5

For member BD

2𝐸𝐼
For joint B: 𝑀𝐵𝐷 = 𝐿 (2𝜃𝐵 + 𝜃𝐷 − 3𝜓𝐵𝐷 ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐵𝐷
𝐵𝐷

2𝐸𝐼 ∆
𝑀𝐵𝐷 = [2𝜃𝐵 + 𝜃𝐷 − 3 (− 51 )] + 0 = 0.4𝜃𝐷 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟎. 𝟐𝟒𝑬𝑰∆1
5

2𝐸𝐼
For joint D: 𝑀𝐷𝐵 = 𝐿 (𝜃𝐵 + 2𝜃𝐷 − 3𝜓𝐵𝐷 ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐵𝐷
𝐵𝐷

2𝐸𝐼 ∆
𝑀𝐷𝐵 = [0 + 2𝜃𝐷 − 3 (− 51 )] − 0 = 0.8𝜃𝐷 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟎. 𝟐𝟒𝑬𝑰∆1
5

For member CE

2𝐸𝐼
For joint C: 𝑀𝐶𝐸 = 𝐿 (2𝜃𝐶 + 𝜃𝐸 − 3𝜓𝐶𝐸 ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐶𝐸
𝐶𝐸

2𝐸𝐼 ∆
𝑀𝐶𝐸 = [2𝜃𝐶 + 𝜃𝐸 − 3 (− 52 )] + 0 = 0.8𝜃𝐶 𝑬𝑰 + 0.4𝜃𝐸 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟎. 𝟐𝟒𝑬𝑰∆2
5

2𝐸𝐼
For joint E: 𝑀𝐸𝐶 = 𝐿 (𝜃𝐶 + 2𝜃𝐸 − 3𝜓𝐶𝐸 ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐸𝐶
𝐶𝐸

2𝐸𝐼 ∆
𝑀𝐸𝐶 = [𝜃𝐶 + 2𝜃𝐸 − 3 (− 52 )] + 0
5

𝑴𝑬𝑪 = 0.4𝜃𝐶 𝑬𝑰 + 0.8𝜃𝐸 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟎. 𝟐𝟒𝑬𝑰∆2

For member DF

2𝐸𝐼
For joint D: 𝑀𝐷𝐹 = 𝐿 (2𝜃𝐷 + 𝜃𝐹 − 3𝜓𝐷𝐹 ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐷𝐹
𝐷𝐹

2𝐸𝐼 ∆
𝑀𝐷𝐹 = [2𝜃𝐷 + 𝜃𝐹 − 3 (− 52 )] + 0 = 0.8𝜃𝐷 𝑬𝑰 + 0.4𝜃𝐹 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟎. 𝟐𝟒𝑬𝑰∆2
5

2𝐸𝐼
For joint F: 𝑀𝐹𝐷 = 𝐿 (𝜃𝐷 + 2𝜃𝐹 − 3𝜓𝐷𝐹 ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐹𝐷
𝐷𝐹

2𝐸𝐼 ∆
𝑀𝐹𝐷 = [𝜃𝐷 + 2𝜃𝐹 − 3 (− 52 )] + 0 = 0.4𝜃𝐷 𝑬𝑰 + 0.8𝜃𝐹 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟎. 𝟐𝟒𝑬𝑰∆2
5

For member CD

2𝐸𝐼
For joint C: 𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 𝐿 (2𝜃𝐶 + 𝜃𝐷 − 3𝜓𝐶𝐷 ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐶𝐷
𝐷𝐹

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2𝐸(2𝐼)
𝑀𝐶𝐷 = [2𝜃𝐶 + 𝜃𝐷 − 3 ∗ 0] + 200 = 0.8𝜃𝐶 𝑬𝑰 + 0.4𝜃𝐷 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟐𝟎𝟎
10

2𝐸𝐼
For joint D: 𝑀𝐷𝐶 = 𝐿 (𝜃𝐶 + 2𝜃𝐷 − 3𝜓𝐶𝐷 ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐷𝐶
𝐷𝐶

2𝐸(2𝐼)
𝑀𝐷𝐶 = [𝜃𝐶 + 2𝜃𝐷 − 3 ∗ 0] − 200 = 0.4𝜃𝐶 𝑬𝑰 + 0.8𝜃𝐷 𝑬𝑰 − 𝟐𝟎𝟎
10

For member EF

2𝐸𝐼
For joint E: 𝑀𝐸𝐹 = 𝐿 (2𝜃𝐸 + 𝜃𝐹 − 3𝜓𝐸𝐹 ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐸𝐹
𝐸𝐹

2𝐸(2𝐼)
𝑀𝐸𝐹 = [2𝜃𝐸 + 𝜃𝐹 − 3 ∗ 0] + 200 = 0.8𝜃𝐸 𝑬𝑰 + 0.4𝜃𝐹 𝑬𝑰 + 𝟐𝟎𝟎
10

2𝐸𝐼
For joint F: 𝑀𝐹𝐸 = 𝐿 (𝜃𝐸 + 2𝜃𝐹 − 3𝜓𝐸𝐹 ) + 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝐹𝐸
𝐸𝐹

2𝐸(2𝐼)
𝑀𝐹𝐸 = [𝜃𝐸 + 2𝜃𝐹 − 3 ∗ 0] − 200 = 0.4𝜃𝐸 𝑬𝑰 + 0.8𝜃𝐹 𝑬𝑰 − 𝟐𝟎𝟎
10

Step-4: Write EQE (Equilibrium Equation) ∑ 𝑀 = 0 for joints.

The directions of the Member End Moments (MEM) can be obtained by assuming the member
end moments in the positive sense as shown in the Figure.

The equilibrium equations at joints C, D, E, and F are:

Joint C: 𝑴𝑪𝑨 + 𝑴𝑪𝑫 + 𝑴𝑪𝑬 = 𝟎

Joint D: 𝑴𝑫𝑩 + 𝑴𝑫𝑪 + 𝑴𝑫𝑭 = 𝟎

Joint E: 𝑴𝑬𝑪 + 𝑴𝑬𝑭 = 𝟎

Joint F: 𝑴𝑭𝑫 + 𝑴𝑭𝑬 = 𝟎

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𝑴𝑬𝑪 𝑴𝑭𝑬 𝑴𝑭𝑫

𝑴𝑬𝑭

𝑴𝑪𝑬
𝑴𝑫𝑪 𝑴𝑫𝑭

𝑴𝑪𝑫 𝑴𝑫𝑩
𝑴𝑪𝑨

𝑴𝑨𝑪
𝑴𝑩𝑫

𝑴𝑨 𝑴𝑩

To establish the remaining two equilibrium equations, we successively pass a horizontal section
just above the lower ends of the columns of each story of the frame and apply the equation of
horizontal equilibrium ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0, to the free body of the portion above the section.

𝑺𝑪𝑬 𝑴𝑪𝑬 𝑴𝑫𝑭

𝑺𝑫𝑭

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By applying EQE

← + ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 ⇒ 𝑺𝑪𝑬 + 𝑺𝑫𝑭 = 𝟒𝟎

FBD of the top-story

𝑴𝑪𝑬 𝑴𝑫𝑭

𝑺𝑫𝑭
𝑺𝑪𝑬

By expressing column end shears in terms of column end moments

𝑴𝑪𝑬 +𝑴𝑬𝑪
↻ + ∑ 𝑀𝐸 = 0; 𝑆𝐶𝐸 ∗ 5 − 𝑀𝐶𝐸 − 𝑀𝐸𝐶 = 0 ⇒ 𝑺𝑪𝑬 = 𝟓
𝑴𝑫𝑭 +𝑴𝑭𝑫
↻ + ∑ 𝑀𝐹 = 0; 𝑆𝐷𝐹 ∗ 5 − 𝑀𝐷𝐹 − 𝑀𝐹𝐷 = 0 ⇒ 𝑺𝑫𝑭 = 𝟓

FBD of the entire frame

𝑴𝑨𝑪 𝑴𝑩𝑫
𝑺𝑨𝑪 𝑺𝑩𝑫

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FBD of the bottom-story

𝑴𝑩𝑫
𝑴𝑨𝑪
𝑺𝑩𝑫
𝑺𝑨𝑪

By expressing column end shears in terms of column end moments

𝑴𝑨𝑪 +𝑴𝑪𝑨
↻ + ∑ 𝑀𝐶 = 0; 𝑆𝐴𝐶 ∗ 5 − 𝑀𝐴𝐶 − 𝑀𝐶𝐴 = 0 ⇒ 𝑺𝑨𝑪 = 𝟓
𝑴𝑩𝑫 +𝑴𝑫𝑩
↻ + ∑ 𝑀𝐷 = 0; 𝑆𝐵𝐷 ∗ 5 − 𝑀𝐵𝐷 − 𝑀𝐹𝐷𝐵 = 0 ⇒ 𝑺𝑩𝑫 = 𝟓

Then, by substituting these expressions into the force equilibrium equations, we obtain the
following two simultaneous equations:

𝑀𝐶𝐸 +𝑀𝐸𝐶 𝑀𝐷𝐹 +𝑀𝐹𝐷

𝑺𝑪𝑬 + 𝑺𝑫𝑭 = 𝟒𝟎 ⇒ + = 40
5 5

𝑴𝑪𝑬 + 𝑴𝑬𝑪 + 𝑴𝑫𝑭 + 𝑴𝑭𝑫 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎

𝑀𝐴𝐶 +𝑀𝐶𝐴 𝑀𝐵𝐷 +𝑀𝐷𝐵

𝑺𝑨𝑪 + 𝑺𝑩𝑫 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎 ⇒ + = 120
5 5

𝑴𝑨𝑪 + 𝑴𝑪𝑨 + 𝑴𝑩𝑫 + 𝑴𝑫𝑩 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎

Step-5: Solve for the unknown displacements (𝜃𝑖 ) by substituting the SDE into the EQE.

Joint C: 𝑴𝑪𝑨 + 𝑴𝑪𝑫 + 𝑴𝑪𝑬 = 𝟎

0.8𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 + 0.24𝐸𝐼∆1 + 0.8𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 + 0.4𝜃𝐷 𝐸𝐼 + 200 + 0.8𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 + 0.4𝜃𝐸 𝐸𝐼 + 0.24𝐸𝐼∆2 = 0

⇒ 2.4𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 + 0.4𝜃𝐷 𝐸𝐼 + 0.4𝜃𝐸 𝐸𝐼 + 0.24𝐸𝐼∆1 + 0.24𝐸𝐼∆2 = −200 … … … … … … … .5.1

Joint D: 𝑴𝑫𝑩 + 𝑴𝑫𝑪 + 𝑴𝑫𝑭 = 𝟎

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0.8𝜃𝐷 𝐸𝐼 + 0.24𝐸𝐼∆1 + 0.4𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 + 0.8𝜃𝐷 𝐸𝐼 − 200 + 0.8𝜃𝐷 𝐸𝐼 + 0.4𝜃𝐹 𝐸𝐼 + 0.24𝐸𝐼∆2 = 0

⇒ 0.4𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 + 2.4𝜃𝐷 𝐸𝐼 + 0.4𝜃𝐹 𝐸𝐼 + 0.24𝐸𝐼∆1 + 0.24𝐸𝐼∆2 = 200 … … … … … … … … .5.2

Joint E: 𝑴𝑬𝑪 + 𝑴𝑬𝑭 = 𝟎

0.4𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 + 0.8𝜃𝐸 𝐸𝐼 + 0.24𝐸𝐼∆2 + 0.8𝜃𝐸 𝐸𝐼 + 0.4𝜃𝐹 𝐸𝐼 + 200 = 0

⇒ 0.4𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 + 1.6𝜃𝐸 𝐸𝐼 + 0.4𝜃𝐹 𝐸𝐼 + 0.24𝐸𝐼∆2 = −200 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 5.3

Joint F: 𝑴𝑭𝑫 + 𝑴𝑭𝑬 = 𝟎

0.4𝜃𝐷 𝐸𝐼 + 0.8𝜃𝐹 𝐸𝐼 + 0.24𝐸𝐼∆2 + 0.4𝜃𝐸 𝐸𝐼 + 0.8𝜃𝐹 𝐸𝐼 − 200 = 0

⇒ 0.4𝜃𝐷 𝐸𝐼 + 0.4𝜃𝐸 𝐸𝐼 + 1.6𝜃𝐹 𝐸𝐼 + 0.24𝐸𝐼∆2 = 200 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 5.4

𝑴𝑪𝑬 + 𝑴𝑬𝑪 + 𝑴𝑫𝑭 + 𝑴𝑭𝑫 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎

0.8𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 + 0.4𝜃𝐸 𝐸𝐼 + 0.24𝐸𝐼∆2 + 0.4𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 + 0.8𝜃𝐸 𝐸𝐼 + 0.24𝐸𝐼∆2 + 0.8𝜃𝐷 𝐸𝐼 + 0.4𝜃𝐹 𝐸𝐼 +

0.24𝐸𝐼∆2 + 0.4𝜃𝐷 𝐸𝐼 + 0.8𝜃𝐹 𝐸𝐼 + 0.24𝐸𝐼∆2 = 200

⇒ 1.2𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 + 1.2𝜃𝐷 𝐸𝐼 + 1.2𝜃𝐸 𝐸𝐼 + 1.2𝜃𝐹 𝐸𝐼 + 0.96𝐸𝐼∆2 = 200 … … … … … … … … … .5.5

𝑴𝑨𝑪 + 𝑴𝑪𝑨 + 𝑴𝑩𝑫 + 𝑴𝑫𝑩 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎

0.4𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 + 0.24𝐸𝐼∆1 + 0.8𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 + 0.24𝐸𝐼∆1 + 0.4𝜃𝐷 𝐸𝐼 + 0.24𝐸𝐼∆1 + 0.8𝜃𝐷 𝐸𝐼 + 0.24𝐸𝐼∆1

= 600

⇒ 0.4𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 + 0.4𝜃𝐷 𝐸𝐼 + 0.32𝐸𝐼∆2 = 200 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 5.6

Solving equations 5.1 through 5.6 simultaneously, we have

𝑬𝑰𝜽𝑪 = −𝟐𝟎𝟑. 𝟐𝟓𝒌𝑵. 𝒎𝟐

𝐸𝐼𝜃𝐷 = −60.389𝑘𝑁. 𝑚2

𝐸𝐼𝜃𝐸 = −197.40𝑘𝑁. 𝑚2

𝐸𝐼𝜃𝐹 = 88.31𝑘𝑁. 𝑚2

𝐸𝐼∆1 = 954.55𝑘𝑁. 𝑚3 ⇒ ∆1 = 18.95𝑚𝑚(→)

𝐸𝐼∆2 = 674.24𝑘𝑁. 𝑚3 ⇒ ∆2 = 13.40𝑚𝑚(→)

Analysis of indeterminate structures by Slope-Deflection Method Page 30

Department of Civil Engineering Theory of Structures (CEng3203)

∆𝐹 = ∆1 + ∆2 = 18.95 + 13.40 = 32.35𝑚𝑚(→)

Step-6: Determine final end moments (MEMs) 𝑴𝒊𝒋 , 𝑴𝒋𝒊 for each member by back substitution of
the unknown displacements into the slope-deflection equations.

𝑀𝐴𝐶 = 0.4𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 + 0.24𝐸𝐼∆1

= 0.4(−203.25) + 0.24(954.55) = +147.81𝑘𝑁𝑚(↺)

𝑀𝐶𝐴 = 0.8𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 + 0.24𝐸𝐼∆1

= 0.8(−203.25) + 0.24(954.55) = +66.50𝑘𝑁𝑚(↺) = 𝑀𝐴

𝑀𝐶𝐸 = 0.8𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 + 0.4𝜃𝐸 𝐸𝐼 + 0.24𝐸𝐼∆2

= 0.8(−203.25) + 0.4(−197.40) + 0.24(674.24) = −79.74𝑘𝑁𝑚 = 79.74𝑘𝑁𝑚(↻)

𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 0.8𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 + 0.4𝜃𝐷 𝐸𝐼 + 200

= 0.8(−203.25) + 0.4(−60.389) + 200 = +13.20𝑘𝑁𝑚(↺)

𝑀𝐸𝐶 = 0.4𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 + 0.8𝜃𝐸 𝐸𝐼 + 0.24𝐸𝐼∆2

= 0.4(−203.25) + 0.4(−197.40) + 0.24(674.24) = −77.40𝑘𝑁𝑚

= 77.40𝑘𝑁𝑚(↻)

𝑀𝐸𝐹 = 0.8𝜃𝐸 𝐸𝐼 + 0.4𝜃𝐹 𝐸𝐼 + 200

= 0.8(−197.40) + 0.4(88.31) + 200 = +77.40𝑘𝑁𝑚(↺)

𝑀𝐹𝐸 = 0.4𝜃𝐸 𝐸𝐼 + 0.8𝜃𝐹 𝐸𝐼 − 200

= 0.4(−197.40) + 0.8(88.31) − 200 = −208.30𝑘𝑁𝑚 = 208.30𝑘𝑁𝑚(↻)

𝑀𝐹𝐷 = 0.4𝜃𝐷 𝐸𝐼 + 0.8𝜃𝐹 𝐸𝐼 + 0.24𝐸𝐼∆2

= 0.4(−60.389) + 0.8(88.31) + 0.24(674.24) = +208.30𝑘𝑁𝑚(↺)

𝑀𝐷𝐹 = 0.8𝜃𝐷 𝐸𝐼 + 0.4𝜃𝐹 𝐸𝐼 + 0.24𝐸𝐼∆2

= 0.8(−60.389) + 0.4(88.31) + 0.24(674.24) = +148.80𝑘𝑁𝑚(↺)

𝑀𝐷𝐵 = 0.8𝜃𝐷 𝐸𝐼 + 0.24𝐸𝐼∆1

Analysis of indeterminate structures by Slope-Deflection Method Page 31

Department of Civil Engineering Theory of Structures (CEng3203)

= 0.8(−60.389) + 0.24(954.55) = +180.80𝑘𝑁𝑚(↺)

𝑀𝐷𝐶 = 0.4𝜃𝐶 𝐸𝐼 + 0.8𝜃𝐷 𝐸𝐼 − 200

= 0.4(−203.25) + 0.8(−60.389) − 200 = −329.60𝑘𝑁𝑚 = 329.60𝑘𝑁𝑚(↻)

𝑀𝐵𝐷 = 0.4𝜃𝐷 𝐸𝐼 + 0.24𝐸𝐼∆1

= 0.4(−60.389) + 0.24(954.55) = 204.90𝑘𝑁𝑚(↺) = 𝑀𝐵

Step-7: Determine member end shear and the support reactions by using equilibrium equations for
each member.

𝟔𝟔. 𝟓𝟎𝒌𝑵𝒎 𝟐𝟎𝟒. 𝟗𝟎𝒌𝑵𝒎

𝟏𝟑. 𝟑𝟎𝒌𝑵 𝟏𝟎𝟔. 𝟕𝟎𝒌𝑵

𝟏𝟖𝟕. 𝟏𝟒𝒌𝑵 𝟐𝟗𝟐. 𝟖𝟔𝒌𝑵

Analysis of indeterminate structures by Slope-Deflection Method Page 32