LEARNING OUTCOMES
• Explain the principle of assimilation advocated by
the Propaganda Movement
• Appraise Rizal’s relationship with other
propagandist
• Analyze Rizal’s growth as Propagandist and
disavowal of assimilation
IN SUNNY SPAIN (1882-1885)
• Rizal decided to complete his studies in Spain
• Aside from completing his studies in Spain,
Rizal has his “secret mission”—was to observe
keenly the life and culture, languages and
customs, industries and commerce, and
government and laws of the European nations
in order to prepare himself in the mighty task
of liberating his oppressed people from Spanish
tyranny
IN SUNNY SPAIN (1882-1885)
• Rizal’s departure for Spain was kept secret to
avoid detection by the Spanish authorities
and the friars
• Jose Mercado- Rizal used this name; a cousin
from Biñan
• May 3, 1882- Rizal departed on board the
Spanish streamer Salvadora bound for
Singapore
Colombo
Barcelona & Madrid Naples
Diariong Tagalog- the first Manila bilingual newspaper
(Spanish and Tagalog)
AMOR PATRIO (LOVE OF COUNTRY)
• nationalistic essay, Rizal’s first article written on Spain’s soil
• under his pen-name Laong Laan, appeared in print in Diariong
Tagalog on August 20, 1882
LOS VIAJES (TRAVELS)
• Rizal’s second article for Diariong Tagalog
REVISTA DE MADRID (REVIEW OF MADRID)
• Rizal’s third article written in Madrid on November 29, 1882 but
returned to him because the Diariong Tagalog had ceased
publication for lack of funds
• Rizal received sad news about the cholera that was ravaging
Manila and sad news from the Philippines was the chatty letter of
Chengoy recounting the unhappiness of Leonor Rivera
• Rizal left Barcelona in the fall of 1882 and established himself in
Madrid, the capital of Spain
LIFE IN MADRID
• November 3, 1882 - Rizal enrolled in the Universidad
Central de Madrid (Central University of Madrid) in two
courses—Medicine and Philosophy and Letters
• Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando - Rizal
studied painting and sculpture
LIFE IN MADRID
• He invested in lottery ticket in every draw of the Madrid
Lottery
• Spent his leisure time reading and writing at his boarding
house, attending the reunions of Filipino students at the
house of the Paterno brothers (Antonio, Maximo and Pedro)
and practicing fencing and shooting at the gymnasium
LIFE IN MADRID
• Me Piden Versos (They Ask Me For Verses)- upon the request of the
members of this society, Rizal’s wrote this poem which he personally
declaimed during the New Year’s Eve reception of the Madrid Filipinos held in
the evening of December 31, 1882
• Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Eugene Sue’s The Wandering
Jew - these two books aroused Rizal’s sympathy for the oppressed and
unfortunate people
Colombo
Naples
Barcelona and Madrid
FIRST VISIT TO PARIS (1883)
• Lodge Solidaridad (Madrid) – Rizal transferred from
a Masonic lodge called Acacia in Madrid,wherein he
became a Master Mason on November 15, 1890
• Science,Virtue and Labor- Rizal’s only Masonic
writing; a lecture which he delivered in 1889 at Lodge
Solidaridad, Madrid
FIRST VISIT TO PARIS (1883)
• After Rizal’s departure for Spain, things turned from bad to worse in
Calamba:
• (1) harvests of rice and sugarcane failed on account of drought and locusts
• (2) the manager of the Dominican-owned hacienda increased the rentals of
the lands
• (3) a dreadful pest killed most of the turkeys. Due to hard times in
Calamba, the monthly allowances of Rizal in Madrid were late in arrival and
there were times when they never arrived
FIRST VISIT TO PARIS (1883)
• June 21, 1884- Rizal completed his medical course in Spain; he was
conferred the degree of Licentiate in Medicine by the Universidad Central
de Madrid
• He did not present the thesis required for graduation nor paid the
corresponding fees, he was not awarded his Doctor’s diploma
• June 19, 1885- on his 24th birthday, Rizal was awarded the degree of
Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters by the Universidad Central de Madrid
with the rating of “Excellent”: (Sobresaliente)
Colombo
Naples
Heidelberg, Leipzig,
Paris Barcelona and Madrid
Dresden, Berlin
IN HISTORIC HEIDELBERG (GERMANY)
• Dr. Otto Becker - distinguished German ophthalmologist
where Rizal worked—University Eye Hospital
• April 22, 1886- Rizal wrote a fine poem “A Las Flores
de Heidelberg” (To the Flowers of Heidelberg)
• Rizal was fascinated by the
blooming flowers along the cool
banks of the Neckar River. Among
them was his favorite flower—the
light blue “forget-me-not”
IN HISTORIC HEIDELBERG (GERMANY)
• Dr. Karl Ullmer- a kind Protestant
pastor where Rizal stayed, who became
his good friend and admirer
• July 31, 1886- Rizal wrote his first letter
in German (which he had improved after
his stay with the Ullmers) to Professor
Blumentritt, Director of the Ateneo of
Leitmeritz, Austria
IN LEIPZIG AND DRESDEN(GERMANY)
• Professor Friedrich Ratzel
- a famous German
historian, Rizal befriend
with him
• Dr. Hans Meyer - German
anthropologist, a friend of
Rizal
IN LEIPZIG AND DRESDEN(GERMANY)
TRANSLATED WORKS IN TAGALOG:
• Schiller’s William Tell - so that Filipino might know the story of that
champion of Swiss independence
• Hans Andersen’s Fairy Tales - for his nephews and niece
• Cost of living in Leipzig was cheapest in Europe so that
he stayed two months and a half.
IN LEIPZIG AND DRESDEN(GERMANY)
•October 29, 1886- Rizal left
Leipzig for Dresden where he met
Dr. Adolph B. Meyer, Director of
the Anthropological and
Ethnological Museum
BERLIN (GERMANY)
•Rizal met for the first time Dr.
Feodor Jagor, celebrated German
scientist-traveler and author of
Travels in the Philippines, a book
which Rizal read and admired during
his student days in Manila
BERLIN (GERMANY)
•Dr. Rudolf Virchow - introduced to Rizal by
Dr. Jagor; famous German anthropologist
•Dr. Hans Virchow - son of Dr. Rudolf
Virchow, professor of Descriptive Anatomy
•Dr. W. Joest - noted German geographer
•Dr. Ernest Schweigger (1830-1905)- famous
German ophthalmologist where Rizal worked
BERLIN (GERMANY)
•Rizal lived in Berlin for five reasons:
(1) to gain further knowledge of ophthalmology
(2) to further his studies of sciences and languages
(3) to observe the economic and political conditions of the German
nation
(4) to associate with famous German scientists and scholars
(5) to publish his novel, Noli Me Tangere
NOLI ME TANGERE PUBLISHED IN BERLIN (1887)
• The bleak winter of 1886 in Berlin was Rizal’s darkest
winter because no money arrived from Calamba and he was
flat broke.
• The diamond ring which his sister, Saturnina, gave him was
in the pawnshop.
It was memorable in the life of Rizal for two reasons
(1) it was a painful episode for he was hungry, sick and
despondent in a strange city
(2) it brought him great joy after enduring so much
sufferings, because his first novel, Noli Me Tangere
came off the press in March, 1887
RIZAL’S GRAND TOUR OF EUROPE WITH VIOLA (1887)
GERMANY CZECH REPUBLIC AUSTRIA
BERLIN LEITMERITZ and PRAGUE VIENNA
ITALY SWITZERLAND
GENEVA
MORALS
• Sacrifices are inevitable to obtain success or goal.
• Live outside of the box. There are many things out there that we
are not aware of yet.
• Be resourceful. Do not let every opportunity slip out if it will
help you.
• Being alone doesn’t mean you are alone. If you are, then, do not
neglect that someone who chose to stay with you despite the
hardships,YOURSELF.
