North Coast Medical Training College

Diploma in Community Health & Development

Research Methods

End of Term Assessment

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Answer all questions

2h: 30minutes
 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (100 MARKS)

1. How is random sampling helpful?

a) Reasonably accurate
b) An economical method of data collection
c) Free from personal biases
d) *All of the above
2. In order to pursue the research, which of the following is priorly required?
a) Developing a research design
b) *Formulating a research question
c) Deciding about the data analysis procedure
d) Formulating a research hypothesis
3. Which one among the following statement is true in the context of the testing of
hypotheses?
a) It is only the alternative hypotheses that can be tested.
b) *It is only the null hypotheses that can be tested.
c) Both the alternative and the null hypotheses can be tested.
d) Both the alternative and the null hypotheses cannot be tested.
4. What does the longitudinal research approach actually deal with?
a) *Long-term research
b) Short-term research
c) Horizontal research
d) None of the above
5. Which of the following does not correspond to characteristics of research?
a) Research is not passive
b) Research is systematic
c) Research is not a problem-oriented
d) *Research is not a process
6. Which of the following is not the method of Research?
a) Survey
b) Historical
c) Observation
d) *Philosophical
7. Which one is called non-probability sampling?
a) *Quota sampling
b) Cluster sampling
c) Systematic sampling
d) Stratified random sampling
8. Research problem is selected from the standpoint of
a) *Social relevance
b) Financial support
c) Researcher's interest
d) Availability of relevant literature
9. Action-research can be understood as ___________
a) A longitudinal research
b) An applied research
c) *A kind of research being carried out to solve a specific problem
d) All of the above
10. Which one among the following falls under the category of research development?
a) Descriptive Research
b) Philosophical Research
c) Action Research
d) *All of the above
11. Which one among the following phrases does not correspond to the meaning of
research as a process?
a) Problem Solving
b) Trial and Error
c) *Objective Observation
d) Systematic Activity
12. The main concept behind doing research is to
a) Study and explore knowledge.
b) Start with a predefined and clear-cut objectives.
c) *Get new ideas.
d) Define clear objectives.
e) all the above
13. Diagnostic research studies is a category of research that aims to
a) Achieve new insights of a concept.
b) Analyze characteristics of something.
c) *Determine the frequency with which something occurs.
d) Test the relationship between variables.
14. Descriptive research studies is a category of research that aims to
a) Achieve new insights of a concept.
b) Analyze characteristics of something.
c) *Determine the frequency with which something occurs.
d) test the relationship between variables
15. Descriptive research is the type of research that
a) Is made for performing the basic or pure research; it’s a theoretical research.
b) Is intended for finding some solution to the problem considered.
c) *Includes fact-finding enquires and surveys.
d) uses available information as the base to make the further critical evaluation
16. Analytical research is the type of research that
a) Is made for performing the basic or pure research; it’s a theoretical research.
b) Is intended for finding some solution to the problem considered.
c) Includes fact-finding enquires and surveys.
d) *Uses available information as the base to make the further critical evaluation.
17. Applied research is the type of research that
a) Is made for performing the basic or pure research; itʼs a theoretical research.
b) *Is intended for finding some solution to the problem considered.
c) Includes fact-finding enquires and surveys.
d) Uses available information as the base to make the further critical evaluation.
18. According to the text, which of the following orders is the recommended in the
flowchart of the development of a research idea?
a) *Research topic, research problem, research purpose, research question, hypothesis
b) Research topic, research purpose, research problem, research question, hypothesis
c) Research topic, research problem, research purpose, research question, hypothesis
d) Research topic, hypothesis, research problem, research question, research purpose
19. Sources of researchable problems can include:
a) Researchers’ own experiences as educators
b) Practical issues that require solutions
c) Theory and past research
d) *All of the above
20. Research hypotheses are ______.
a) Formulated prior to a review of the literature
b) Statements of predicted relationships between variables
c) Stated such that they can be confirmed or refuted
d) *b and c
21. According to your text, which of the following is not a source of research ideas?
a) Everyday life
b) Practical issues
c) Past research
d) Theory
e) *All of the above are sources of research ideas

f) The chapter that

details the way in which
the research was
 conducted is the
_________ chapter
g) a. Introduction
h) b. Literature review
i) c. Research
methodology
j) d. Data analysis
k) e. Conclusion and
recommendations
22. The chapter that details the way in which the research was conducted is the
_________ chapter
a) Introduction
b) Literature review
c) *Research methodology
d) Data analysis
e) Conclusion and recommendations
23. What is an hypothesis? a.
a) *Prediction of a relationship between certain variables
b) An experiment that tests certain predictions
c) An independent variable
d) A dependent variable
24. What is the reason for consulting handbooks, yearbooks, encyclopedias, or reviews
in the initial stages of identifying a research topic?
a) They are readily available
b) *They provide an overview of the issues related to a topic.
c) They are primary sources
d) They avoid reporting statistical data so one can interpret the results more easily
25. Why do you need to review the existing literature?
a) To give your dissertation a proper academic appearance, with lots of references
 b) Because without it, you could never reach the required word-count
c) *To find out what is already known about your area of interest
d) To help in your general studying
26. A statement made about a population for testing purpose is called?
a) Statistic
b) *Hypothesis
c) Level of Significance
d) Test-Statistic
27. If the assumed hypothesis is tested for rejection considering it to be true is called?
a) *Null Hypothesis
b) Statistical Hypothesis
c) Simple Hypothesis
d) Composite Hypothesis
28. If the null hypothesis is false then which of the following is accepted?
a) Null Hypothesis
b) Positive Hypothesis
c) Negative Hypothesis
d) *Alternative Hypothesis.
29. Which of the following is defined as the rule or formula to test a Null Hypothesis?
a) *Test statistic
b) Population statistic
c) Variance statistic
d) Null statistic
30. Which of the following research is also known as collaborative research?
a) Analytical Research
b) Applied research
c) Action research
d) *Descriptive research
31. Which of the following is not a characteristics of longitudinal survey?
a) Collecting data from same subjects over a period of time
b) Observe variables repeatedly
c) *Analysing changes at both individual and group level
d) Get a “snapshot” or picture of a group
32. Read the following statements.
i. This type of research done out of intellectual interest or inquisitiveness. So it’s not all
about resolving issues.
ii. Its goal is to raise public awareness.
iii. It could lead to the development of a new theory or the refinement of an existing one
What kind of research do these statements mainly focus on?
a) Applied research
b) Action research
 c) *Pure research
d) Exploratory research
33. Case studies are ……………………..?
a) In-depth and detailed examinations of specific 'units’
b) *Allows for the collection of information on a large number of individuals
c) It is the story a person tells about the life he or she has lived
d) Scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic
34. The primary goal of applied research is to?
a) *Solve or provide answers to practical problems
b) Testing theories and hypotheses
c) Addressing research issues in partnership with local people
d) Primary goal is gaining knowledge, with no aim of using it
35. Which of the following is a characteristics of case study method?
a) It is a research strategy and an empirical inquiry that investigates a phenomenon within
its real-life context
b) Case studies are based on an in-depth investigation of a single individual, group or event
to explore the causes of underlying principles
c) It is a descriptive and exploratory analysis of a person, group or event
d) *All of the above
36. A null hypothesis is
a) *Hypothesis of no difference
b) Hypothesis that assigns value of zero to the variable
c) Hypothesis of zero significance
d) None of the above
37. The advantage of sampling is
a) Time-saving
b) Capital-saving
c) Increased accurary
d) *Both ‘A’ and ‘B’
38. The advantages of random sampling is that
a) It is free from personal biases
b) It produces reasonably accurate results
c) It is an economical method of data. Collection
d) *All of the above
39. Which is not the characteristic of research
a) Basic Research
b) Holistic Perspective
c) Context Sensitivity
d) *Expo facto research
40. Which of the following is a step of research design?
a) Defining the problem and formulating a hypothesis
b) Collecting data
c) Drawing inferences from the data
 d) *All of the above
41. Which of the following is a step of research design?
a) Defining the problem and formulating a hypothesis
b) Collecting data
c) Drawing inferences from the data
d) *All of the above
42. Which of the following is a type of hypothesis?
a) Interrogative hypothesis
b) Declarative hypothesis
c) Directional hypothesis
d) *All of the above
43. Which of the following is a non-probability sampling method?
a) Simple random sampling
b) Systematic sampling
c) Cluster sampling
d) *Quota sampling
44. A researcher divides the whole population in different parts and then fixes the no. of
units from each of the parts that are to be included in the sample. The method of
sampling used by him is
a) Stratified random sampling
b) Cluster sampling
c) *Quota sampling
d) All of the above
45. A research is based on
a) Ideas of the scientists
b) Experiments
c) *Scientific method
d) Some general principles
46. The scientific study of the historical back ground of the events to determine its
bearing on the present conditions is called
a) Philosophical research
b) Action research
c) Experimental research
d) *Historical research
47. Longitudinal approach of Research deals with
a) Short-term researches
b) *Long-term researches
c) Horizontal researches
d) None of the above
48. Action research means
a) A longitudinal research
b) An applied research
c) *Research which are initiated to solve the immediate problems
 d) All of the above
49. Which of the following is/are categories of social research?
a) Laboratory experiment
b) Field experiment
c) Survey research
d) *All of the above
50. Which of the following is the first step in a research process?
a) Selecting a topic
b) *Formulating research problem
c) Development of a hypothesis
d) None of the above
51. The source of hypotheses may be based
a) Chance-intuition
b) *Expectation
c) Both ‘A’ and ‘B’
d) None of these
52. In order to study the relationship of family size to income a researcher classifies his
population into different income slabs and then takes a random sample from each
slab. Which technique of sampling does he adopt?
a) Cluster sampling
b) Random sampling
c) *Stratified random sampling
d) Systematic sampling
53. A researcher uses statistical techniques in his problem to confirm
a) Whether worthwhile inferences could be drawn
b) *Whether the data could be quantified
c) Whether appropriate statistical techniques are available
d) Whether analysis of data would be possible
54. Which of the following is not a component of ethical research?
a) Competence
b) Voluntariness
c) Consent
d) *Suitability

55. Which of the following completes the research process?

a) Research note
b) *Report writing
c) Summary writing
d) Preface writing
56. What is the difference between a population and a sample in research?
a) A population is a subset of a sample
b) *A population is the entire group of individuals, while a sample is a subset of the
population
c) A sample is the entire group of individuals, while a population is a subset of the sample
d) There is no difference between a population and a sample
57. Which of the following is an example of a primary source of data?
a) A research article
b) A textbook
c) A newspaper article
d) *An interview transcript
58. Which of the following is an example of qualitative research?
a) *A survey
b) An experiment
c) A case study
d) An observational study
59. What is a research design?
a) The way data is collected in a research study
b) The way data is analyzed in a research study
c) The way the research question is formulated
d) *The overall plan for a research study
60. What is the difference between validity and reliability in research?
a) *Validity refers to the extent to which a study measures what it intends to measure,
while reliability refers to the consistency of the study’s results
b) Validity refers to the consistency of the study’s results, while reliability refers to the
extent to which a study measures what it intends to measure
c) Validity and reliability refer to the same thing in research
d) Neither validity nor reliability are important in research
61. Which of the following is an example of a dependent variable?
a) Age
b) Gender
c) Income
d) *Test scores
62. What is a research proposal?
a) *A document that outlines the methodology and scope of a research study
b) A document that summarizes the findings of a research study
c) A document that provides an overview of a researcher’s qualifications
d) A document that outlines the budget for a research study
63. Which of the following is an example of a research question?
a) *How does stress affect academic performance?
b) Students who experience stress have lower academic performance
c) The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between stress and
academic performance
d) None of the above
64. What is the difference between a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis?
 a) *A null hypothesis states that there is no difference between groups, while an alternative
hypothesis states that there is a difference
b) A null hypothesis states that there is a difference between groups, while an alternative
hypothesis states that there is no difference
c) A null hypothesis is not used in research, while an alternative hypothesis is used instead
d) A null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis are the same thing
65. What is the purpose of a research ethics committee?
a) *To ensure that research studies are conducted in an ethical manner
b) To provide funding for research studies
c) To review research studies and determine their scientific merit
d) To provide training for researchers
66. ___-test is used to prove hypothesis of smaller sample.
a) *t
b) f
c) z
d) P
67. Population Census is an example of ………….. Research
a) *Survey
b) Empirical
c) Clinical
d) Diagnostic
68. Which of the following order is recommended in the flowchart of the research
process?
a) Formulate Hypothesis, Sampling Design, Process Data, Identify Research Problem
b) Sampling Design, Process Data, Identify Research Problem, Formulate Hypothesis
c) Formulate Hypothesis, Process Data, Identify Research Problem, Sampling Design
d) *Identify Research Problem, Formulate Hypothesis, Sampling Design, Process Data
69. Alternative Hypothesis is also called as .
a) *Composite hypothesis
b) Research Hypothesis
c) Simple Hypothesis
d) Null Hypothesis
70. ________refers to previous research studies, reference books and other published
sources.
a) *Literature Review
b) Research design
c) Research report
d) Sampling design
71. __________is a proposition which can be put to a test to determine validity.
a) Problem statement
b) *Hypothesis
c) Research Problem
d) Research Proposal
72. ________Hypothesis states that there is no relationship between two or more
variables
a) *Null
b) Alternative,
c) Negative
d) Positive
73. _________ data is also known as recorded data from published
a) *Secondary
b) Tertiary
c) Primary
d) Collected by field staff
74. Stratified sampling is a ________
a) *Probability sampling
b) Non-Probability sampling
c) Specified sampling
d) Research sampling
75. Which ONE of these sampling methods is a probability method?
a) Quota.
b) Judgment
c) Convenience.
d) *Simple random.
76. Research undertaken for knowledge sake is _______.
a) *Pure Research
b) Action Research
c) Pilot study
d) Survey
77. How is random sampling helpful?
a) Reasonably accurate
b) An economical method of data collection
c) Free from personal biases
d) *All of the above
78. In _____ sampling the population is divided into different segment based on income
or Occupation.
a) *Cluster
b) Systematic
c) Stratified
d) Convenience
79. Hypothesis should be _______.
a) Any statement
b) *Empirically testable
c) Not empirically testable
d) Can’t say
80. In the process of conducting research ‘Formulation of Hypothesis” is followed by
 a) *Statement of Objectives
b) Analysis of Data
c) Selection of Research Tools
d) Collection of Data
81. A formal document that presents the research objectives, design of achieving these
objectives, and the expected outcomes/deliverables of the study is called
a) Research design
b) *Research proposal
c) Research hypothesis
d) Research report
82. Survey is a ……………. Study
a) Descriptive
b) *Fact finding
c) Analytical
d) Systematic
83. Questionnaire is filled by ……………….
a) *Respondent
b) Everybody
c) Enumerator
d) None of the above
84. What does the term 'longitudinal design' mean?
a) A study completed far away from where the researcher lives.
b) A study which is very long to read.
c) A study with two contrasting cases.
d) *A study completed over a distinct period of time to map changes in social
phenomena.
85. Which of the following is true regarding research objectives?
a) Research objectives, when achieved, will provide sufficient earnings to obtain a
reasonable return on investment.
b) Research objectives, when obtained, will ensure the viability of the marketing
research department.
c) *Research objectives, when achieved, provide the information necessary to solve the
problem.
d) Research objectives are seldom achieved but should be stated as goals to be sought.
86. Cluster sampling, stratified sampling and systematic sampling are types of
a) Direct sampling
b) Indirect sampling
c) Random sampling
d) *Non random sampling
87. A complete list of all the sampling units is called:
a) Sampling design
b) *Sampling frame
c) Population frame
 d) Cluster
88. When one examines the entire population instead of a subgroup of the population,
this is called a ____________
a) Sampling
b) *Census
c) Population
d) Bias
89. A ______ is a subset of a _________.
a) *Sample, population
b) Population, sample
c) Statistic, parameter
d) Parameter, statistic
90. Random sampling is also called _____________.
a) Availability sampling
b) Probation sampling
c) *Probability sampling
d) Prospect sampling
91. Literature includes
a) Previous Studies
b) Scholarly publications
c) Research Findings
d) *All of these
92. Literature review is basically to bridge the gap between
a) Newly established facts
b) Previously established facts
c) Facts established time to time
d) *Previous to current established facts
93. The primary purpose of literature review is to facilitate detailed background of
a) Present Studies
b) *Previous studies
c) Future Studies
d) None of these
94. Which of the following options most appropriately explains ‘Research Ethics’?
a) It states how to write a research report flawlessly.
b) It gives the methodology of researching within social norms
c) It governs the prevention of plagiarism
d) *It provides a common set of dos and don’ts of conducting an ethical research
95. Research emerges from the societal problems and the observation of a researcher.
a) *True
b) False
96. Ethics in research lays the bounds of discipline for a researcher.
a) *True
b) False
97. Standard research ethics changes from person to person.
a) True
b) *False
98. Why do you need to review the existing literature?
a) To give your dissertation a proper academic appearance with lots of reference
b) Because without it, you could never reach the required word count
c) *To find out what is already known about your area of interest
d) To help in your general study
99. Which of the following studies is based on the qualitative research?
a) *A study examining client’s reaction to stress after open heart surgery
b) A study measuring nutrition and weight loss/gain in clients with cancer
c) A study examining number of cigarettes smoking per day and the probability of lung
cancer
d) A study measuring differences in blood pressure before, during and after a procedure
100. Which of the following methods allows the use of any group of research
subjects?
a) Purposive
b) *Convenience
c) Snowball
d) Quota