Introduction to NoSQL

Databases
Your presenters

Cedrick Lunven David Jones-Gilardi

Director of Developer Advocacy Developer Advocate

Apache Cassandra™ expert Apache Cassandra™ expert

Open Source Developer Experienced developer and

educator
Java Geek Still have an Oracle 8 cert
somewhere from the mid 90’s

@SonicDMG
@clun
@david-gilardi
@clunven
Your presenters

Ryan Welford David Jones-Gilardi

Developer Advocate Developer Advocate

Apache Cassandra™ expert Apache Cassandra™ expert

Front End Developer Experienced developer and

educator
Still have an Oracle 8 cert
somewhere from the mid 90’s

@RyanWelford @SonicDMG
@ryanwelford @david-gilardi
Your presenters

Aleks Volochnev Cedrick Lunven

Developer Advocate at DataStax Director of Developer Advocacy at DataStax
• Apache Cassandra™ expert • Apache Cassandra™ expert
• Experienced developer and educator • Kubernetes rookie
• Certified cloud architect • Java Geek

@hadesarchitect @clun @clunven

4
Your presenters

Aleks Volochnev Ryan Welford

Developer Advocate at DataStax Developer Advocate
• Apache Cassandra™ expert Apache Cassandra™ expert
• Experienced developer and educator
• Certified cloud architect Front End Developer

@hadesarchitect @RyanWelford

5
Housekeeping
Livestream: youtube.com/DataStaxDevs Runtime: astra.new/intro-nosql

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AND MANY OTHERS!

menti.com
Hands-on exercise material

Get your instance here:

- http://astra.new/intro-nosql

Repository:
- https://github.com/datastaxdevs/
workshop-introduction-to-nosql

10
Agenda

01 02 03
Definitions and Tabular Document
objectives of NoSQL Databases Databases

04 05 06
Key/values Graph Games
Databases Databases TakeAways

11
Agenda

01 02 03
Definitions and Tabular Document
objectives of NoSQL Databases Databases

04 05 06
Key/values Graph Games
Databases Databases TakeAways

12
Get Ready = Hands-on #1

Get your instance here:

- http://astra.new/intro-nosql

Repository:
- https://github.com/datastaxdevs/work
shop-introduction-to-nosql
Databases

Software to save things

and retrieve them later
with queries

14
15
Databases

INTERFACE (format, language,transport)

EXECUTION (parser,analyzer,dispatcher)

STORAGE (indexing, disk)

16
OLTP / OLAP
● OnLine Transaction Processing
● OnLine Analytical Processing

OLTP OLAP
Traditional RDBMS

- Need answers NOW - Answers can wait

- Simple Queries - Complex Queries
- Queries don’t change often - Queries tend to change
(Adhoc)
 IO Bound

Relational Databases (Capacity, Storage)

Relational
DB
Streaming Throughput
(Events) (Transactions)

CPU Bound
(Compute)
18
 IO Bound
At some point it does not fit
Relational Databases (Capacity, Storage)
a single machine you need
Limits Distributed to scale out.
Storage

Relational DB

Streaming Throughput
(Events) (Transactions)
Streaming XTP
Platforms

GPU/Parallel
Programming

CPU Bound
(Compute)
19
 IO Bound Copes with new requirements in
(Capacity, Storage)
volume (capacity) and velocity
Distributed (throughput) + format (variety)
Storage
3V: Volume, Velocity, Variety

NO
DA T O
Streaming TA NL Throughput
BA Y
(Events)
Streaming SE SQ (Transactions)
S L XTP
Platfoms

GPU/Parallel
Programming

CPU Bound
(Compute)
20
Introduction to the C.A.P Theorem (Eric Brewer)

NoSQL are
Distributed Systems

Clouds like
Distributed Systems

21
22
Main NoSQL Databases Types

Column Oriented Document

Tabular

Key/value Graph

23
 $25/month credit
Launch a database in the cloud
with a few clicks, no credit card
required.

User Interface
Swagger UI GraphQL Playground Tools Web based
Developer Tools

OSS Stargate.io
A data gateway to allow
c
multiple usages

OSS Apache Cassandra

A Column oriented NoSQL
Database

24
Agenda

01 02 03
Definitions and Tabular Document
objectives of NoSQL Databases Databases

04 05 06
Key/values Graph Games
Databases Databases TakeAways

25
Tabular or Column Type
Model: Stored Tables sharded on keys to distribute on nodes

● Tables like relational (with a Schema)

● Distributes data based on a key
● Data is stored sorted on disk

Query

● Request with the partition key

● Secondary Indices are possibles
● Select one or more columns for the record
● No joins but denormalization

Use Cases

● CF CASSANDRA AFTER THAT

26
Apache Cassandra™ = NoSQL Distributed Database
1 Installation = 1 NODE
NODE ✔ Capacity = ~ 2-4TB
✔ Throughput = LOTS Tx/sec/core
NODE NODE

DataCenter | Ring

NODE NODE
Communication:
✔ Gossiping

NODE NODE

27
Data is Distributed
Country City Population

USA New York 8.000.000

USA Los Angeles 4.000.000
FR Paris 2.230.000
DE Berlin 3.350.000
UK London 9.200.000
AU Sydney 4.900.000
DE Nuremberg 500.000
CA Toronto 6.200.000
CA Montreal 4.200.000
FR Toulouse 1.100.000
JP Tokyo 37.430.000
IN Mumbai 20.200.000

Partition Key
Data is Distributed
USA New York 8.000.000
Country City Population
USA Los Angeles 4.000.000

FR Paris 2.230.000
DE Berlin 3.350.000
FR Toulouse 1.100.000
DE Nuremberg 500.000

UK London 9.200.000 JP Tokyo 37.430.000

AU Sydney 4.900.000 CA Toronto 6.200.000

IN Mumbai 20.200.000 CA Montreal 4.200.000
Data is Replicated

RF = ? 83 17

Replication Factor
means the number
of nodes used to
store each partition
67 33

50

30
Data is Replicated

RF = 1 83 17

Replication Factor 1
means that every
partition is stored
on 1 node USA New York 8.000.000
USA
67
Los Angeles 4.000.000
33

50

31
Data is Replicated

RF = 2 USA
USA
New York
83
Los Angeles
8.000.000
4.000.000
17

Replication Factor 2
means that every
partition is stored
on 2 nodes USA New York 8.000.000
USA
67
Los Angeles 4.000.000
33

50

32
Data is Replicated
USA New York 8.000.000
USA
0
Los Angeles 4.000.000

RF = 3 USA
USA
New York
83
Los Angeles
8.000.000
4.000.000
17

Replication Factor 3
means that every
partition is stored
on 3 nodes USA New York 8.000.000
USA
67
Los Angeles 4.000.000
33

50

33
Replication within the Ring
USA New York 8.000.000
USA Los Angeles 4.000.000
0
59 (data)
83 17

RF = 3

67 33

50

34
Replication within the Ring

USA New York 8.000.000

83 59 (data)
17USA Los Angeles 4.000.000

RF = 3

67 33

50

35
Replication within the Ring

59 (data)
0

59 (data)
83 17

RF = 3

59 (data)
67 33

50

36
Node Failure

59 (data)
0

83 17 Hint
59 (data)
RF = 3

59 (data)
67 33

50

37
Node Failure Recovered

59 (data)
0

83 17 Hint
59 (data)
RF = 3

59 (data)
67 33

50

38
Node Failure Recovered

59 (data)
0

59 (data)
83 17

RF = 3

59 (data)
67 33

50

39
Data Distributed Everywhere
Geographic Distribution Hybrid-Cloud and Multi-Cloud

On-premise

40
Understanding Use Cases
High Throughput Heavy Writes Event Streaming Log Analytics
Scalability
High Volume Heavy Reads Internet of Things Other Time Series

No Data Loss Caching Pricing

Availability Mission-Critical
Always-on Market Data Inventory

Global Presence Banking Retail

Distributed Compliance /
GDPR Customer
Workload Mobility Tracking / Logistics
Experience

Modern Cloud API Layer Hybrid-cloud

Cloud-native Applications
Enterprise Data
Multi-cloud
Layer

41
HandsOn #2 Tabular Databases

Get your instance here:

- http://astra.new/intro-nosql

Repository:
- https://github.com/datastaxdevs/work
shop-introduction-to-nosql
Agenda

01 02 03
Definitions and Tabular Document
objectives of NoSQL Databases Databases

04 05 06
Key/values Graph Games
Databases Databases TakeAways

43
Document-Oriented Database
Model: Structured Objects identified by a key

● Documents are structured data but with no schema

● Multiple format but mostly JSON
● Group of documents of same nature as “collections”

Queries

● Request by the key

● Request on other fields tag/path in the document

Use Cases

● Mainly reads, less writes

● Document storage with a structure but no schema
● Used in FrontEnd development matching the JSON used

44
Document Shredding

45
Document Shredding

46
Document Shredding

47
HandsOn #3 Documents DB

Get your instance here:

- http://astra.new/intro-nosql

Repository:
- https://github.com/datastaxdevs/work
shop-introduction-to-nosql
Agenda

01 02 03
Definitions and Tabular Document
objectives of NoSQL Databases Databases

04 05 06
Key/values Graph Games
Databases Databases TakeAways

49
Key Value Database
Model: Like a distributed HashTable

● One key, one value

● Keys are hashed into buckets (partitions)
● Similar to tabular but with a single value

Queries

● GET/PUT/DELETE/UPDATE direct CRUD only

● Value can be a single valued lists

Use Cases

● Distributed Cache !
● User cache Data, User Sessions
● data Deduplications

50
HandsOn #4 Key-Value DB

Get your instance here:

- http://astra.new/intro-nosql

Repository:
- https://github.com/datastaxdevs/work
shop-introduction-to-nosql
Agenda

01 02 03
Definitions and Tabular Document
objectives of NoSQL Databases Databases

04 05 06
Key/values Graph Games
Databases Databases TakeAways

52
Graph Database Database
Model: Store Vertices and Edges data structured

● Data is represented as a Graph (Vertices & Edges)

● Dedicated to highly connected dataset (lot of “Joins”)
● Discovering simple and complex relationships between
objects.

Queries

● Find data based on filters on attributes for both nodes and

edges
● Traversal following edges (cf gremlin)

Use Cases

● Social Network, Customer 360

● Internet of Things
● Personalization and recommendation
● Health Care, Path finding, Security, Fraud Detection

53
Positioning graphs Scalability and flexibility

Key Value

High
Graph

Tabular
Scalability

Document

Low

Relational

Low High

Value in Relationships

54
HandsOn #5 Graph Databases

Docker and Compose

Repository:
- https://github.com/datastaxdevs/work
shop-introduction-to-nosql
Agenda

01 02 03
Definitions and Tabular Document
objectives of NoSQL Databases Databases

04 05 06
Key/values Graph Games
Databases Databases TakeAways

56
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58
Homework (datastax.com/dev)

[Complete hands-on #5]

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