Steps of Literary Analysis

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Literary Analysis

The five steps of understanding and writing literary analysis: choosing and focusing a
topic, gathering, presenting and analyzing textual evidence, and concluding.

1. Choose a Topic
Topics can be divided into the main literary elements:
 Characters
 Themes
 Literary devices
 Setting
 Narrative.

2. Focus the Topic


Brainstorm, outline, and specific thinking about the element on to focus.
 The brainstorming process involves mapping out the different aspects of the chosen
element.
 Make a choice by narrowing down the selection and focusing the ideas.
 Come up with a question to answer (thesis statement): What do you want to explore
about the topic? Why does it stand out to you?
 Answer the "why" question. Instead of letting students simply describe the text,
"why" pushes them to analyze and even synthesize. This aspect is vital to student
understanding, as most of the time a teacher is able to identify a relevant thesis
related to modern-day issues and concepts. Here is where real-world application,
analysis, and synthesis can begin to form in this piece of writing.
3. Gather Textual Evidence
Collecting material to answer or support your que stion is often a time-consuming
stage, because most of the close reading will occur here. It's important to know to
research the topic or text before starting to write . Close reading and gathering
evidence doesn't have to be a mundane, one-dimensional task.
 Identify common themes, repetitions, and patterns.
 Categorize elements, tone, and narrative style.
 Highlight characterization, setting, and foreshadowing.
 Label character types, symbols, and metaphors.

4. Introduce, Evidence, Analyze

Introduce
Introduce point in one or two clear topic sentences. Next, it's important to provide
evidence that supports the main topic in order to convince the reader of the stat ed
point of view. There are a few ways students can add their evidence.

Evidence
 Quotation: When providing evidence word for word from a primary or secondary
source, use quotation marks only if the words have not been altered.
 Summary: summarize a piece of evidence by restating it in a shorter form using their
own words.
 Paraphrase: explain a piece of evidence using their own words.

Analyze
Distinguish between descriptive writing and analytical writing .
Descriptive writing answers the "who," "what," "where," and "how" questions. It
often tends to summarize the text.
Analytical writing, however, answers to the "why" question. Consider the question,
"Why is this point important?" to go beyond mere description into ideas that are
convincing, argumentative, and defend a position.

5. Conclusion
A strong conclusion outlines the main ideas of the essay, but it also works to provide
a solution to a real-life problem. Concluding with what you hope to get out of the
analysis, or provide closure to the topic. Most importantly, seize the conclusion as an
opportunity to provide your own opinion and reflection about the process of
analyzing the text.

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