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ExamThreeStudyGuide

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ashleybeezow1114
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Exam Three Study Guide

Personality Disorders
● Five Factor Model of Personality:
○ Openness -
■ High score =
■ Low score =
○ Conscientiousness -
■ High score =
■ Low score =
○ Extroversion -
■ High score =
■ Low score =
○ Agreeableness -
■ High score =
■ Low score =
○ Neuroticism -
■ High score =
■ Low score =
● What would make someone a functional person in accordance to their personality?
● What would make a person a dysfunctional person in accordance to their personality?
● Personality Disorder -
○ What makes a personality disorder different from a mental disorder?
● What is the prevalence of personality disorders in the general population?
● Describe the general course of a personality disorder.
● Cluster A Disorders (______/ ______):
○ Paranoid Personality Disorder -
■ List some of the DSM-5 criteria.
○ Schizotypal Personality Disorder -
■ List some of the DSM-5 criteria.
■ Discuss the genetics and biology involved in Schizotypal.
○ Schizoid Personality Disorder -
■ List some of the DSM-5 criteria.
○ Difference and similarity with schizophrenia
○ Describe the treatment options for Cluster A disorders, if any.
● Cluster B Disorders (_______/_______/________):
○ Antisocial Personality Disorder -
■ List some of the DSM-5 criteria.
■ What Personality Disorder needs to be present before age 15?
■ What is a popular description of this disorder in books, TV shows, etc.?
■ What are the genetics involved with this disorder?
● How does the environment impact these genetic dispositions?
■ Neurobiological Hypotheses within Antisocial Personality Disorder:
● Underarousal Hypothesis -
● Cortical Immaturity Hypothesis -
● The Fearlessness Hypothesis -
■ How does ANXIETY affect the development of Antisocial Personality Disorder?
■ Describe the Behavioral Inhibition and Rewards Systems.
■ What are some of the neuropsychological/ learning deficits for Antisocial Personality Disorder?
■ What are the Treatment Options for Antisocial Personality Disorder?
● What could be an issue with them getting treatment?
■ Conduct Disorder -
● What are the Three subtypes?
● Describe the associated symptoms from the DSM-5.
● Difference with antisocial personality disorder.
○ Borderline Personality Disorder - (NOT the one from the movie “Split”)
■ Why is it called borderline?
■ What are the core features of Borderline Personality Disorder?
■ List some of the DSM-5 criteria for borderline personality disorder.
■ What are some causes of borderline personality disorder?
● What are some of the familial/ parenting practices that foster this disorder?
■ What do the treatment outcomes look like for this disorder?
● What is a known behavioral therapy that works best for people with Borderline
Personality Disorder?
○ Borderline Personality Disorder v.s. Antisocial Personality Disorder:
■ What sex is each disorder most common in?
■ How do they relate to each other?
■ How do they differ?
○ Histrionic Personality Disorder -
■ Just a general description of the disorder.
○ Narcissistic Personality Disorder -
■ What traits and dispositions generally describe this disorder?
■ What might make this personality disorder destructive to a person’s life?
● Cluster C Disorders (______/______)
○ Avoidant Personality Disorder -
■ Provide a general description of a person with this disorder.
■ What other disorder is this similar to?
○ Dependent Personality Disorder -
■ Provide a general description of a person with this disorder.
■ What does the treatment look like in this disorder?
○ Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder -
■ Provide a general description of a person with this disorder.
■ What are people with this disorder generally devoted to?
■ Know how repetition plays into their lives.
■ What are the treatment options for people with this disorder?

Schizophrenia and Psychotic Disorders

Part One - Diagnosis and Symptomatology


● Which symptoms of schizophrenia are required in order to receive a diagnosis?
○ How long are signs of disturbance required to be present?
○ Is aggressive mood included in the diagnostic criteria? Lack of emotions?
● How does socioeconomic status relate to schizophrenia?
● Are there gender differences in the prevalence in schizophrenia? What about in the age of onset?
● What are the three typical stages of schizophrenia? Be familiar with the characteristics of each stage.
● Understand some reasons as to why life expectancy is slightly less than average among people with
schizophrenia.
● Be able to identify the three categories of symptoms in schizophrenia (positive, disorganized, negative)
● What is the difference between an illusion and a hallucination?
○ What type of hallucination is the most common?
● Be familiar with different types of disorganized symptoms (e.g., disorganized speech, behavioral disturbances)
● Be familiar with different types of negative symptoms.
● Understand how positive and negative symptoms are associated with different representations of course in
schizophrenia (e.g., Are some associated with better/worse course? Are some more responsive to medication
than others?)
● While cognitive deficits are not included in the diagnostic criteria of schizophrenia, there is a great deal of
evidence that cognitive deficits are pretty common in schizophrenia. What are some examples of these
cognitive deficits?

Part Two - Etiology


● Is there a single cause of schizophrenia?
● Is there an association between genetic etiology and the severity of schizophrenia? If so, what is that
association?
● What do twin studies suggest about schizophrenia? (i.e., MZ vs. DZ twins)
● How might the diathesis-stress model relate to the etiology of schizophrenia?
○ Consider the “cup with water” example to easily remember this relationship.
● What is the difference between the neurodegenerative hypothesis and the neurodevelopmental hypothesis?
● What is the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia?
● Which of the following leads to a reduction in symptoms of schizophrenia: dopamine agonists or dopamine
antagonists?
○ What type of symptoms do these drugs work on?
● Understand how brain structure and brain function are associated with schizophrenia
○ Structure: Ventricles, number of brain cells, etc.
○ Function: Function of the frontal lobe.
● Be familiar with congenital etiological factors of schizophrenia (e.g., specific pregnancy and birth
complications; viral infections and season of birth).
● Be familiar with the general trends of event-related potential (ERP) findings
○ I.e., Do patients with schizophrenia show heightened ERPs? Reduced ERPs?
● How is stress related to schizophrenia?
● What is the difference between the social causation and the social selection hypotheses?
● What is communication deviance?
○ Understand what double binds are.
● Be familiar with expressed emotion (EE)
○ When the United States engaged in deinstitutionalization, patients with schizophrenia were then able to
(a) return to live with their families; or (b) live on their own. Researchers and clinicians expected that
patients returning to their families would have better outcomes than people who would live on their own.
Is this what happened? Why or why not?
● Do people with schizophrenia fare better in developed countries or developing countries?
● How is marijuana associated with schizophrenia? Does using marijuana cause schizophrenia? How does it
impact the course of someone diagnosed with schizophrenia?
Part Three - Treatment and other Psychotic Disorders
● Be familiar with historical treatments of schizophrenia that were NOT effective forms of treatment.
● What was the first generation of pharmacological treatments (i.e., antipsychotics) for schizophrenia? What
were the side effects of this treatment?
● What are the second generation of antipsychotics? What are the side effects of this treatment?
○ Know which receptors that these treatments work on.
● Know which symptoms that antipsychotics work on (hint: it’s in the name!)
● Be familiar with the results of the 11 year follow up study on mortality among patients with schizophrenia.
● What are some common factors that are associated with psychotic relapse?
● What is the goal of social skills training? Why would we treat schizophrenia with this intervention?
● What is the main target of family therapy?
● What is CBTp?
● What is cognitive enhancement therapy?
● What is the key difference between schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder?
● Schizoaffective disorder is like a combination of schizophrenia (Criterion A) and a __________. (Note that
differential diagnosis with this disorder can be challenging!)
● What is delusional disorder?
● What kinds of symptoms are NOT included in the diagnostic criteria for brief psychotic disorder

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