MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER - LAB

LIST OF CONTENTS IN

SYLLABUS CONTENTS

I Addition and Subtraction

1. 8 - bit addition
2. 16 - bit addition
3. 8 - bit subtraction
4. BCD subtraction

II Multiplication and Division

1. 8 - bit multiplication
2. BCD multiplication
3. 8 - bit division

III Sorting and Searching

1. Searching for an element in an array.
2. Sorting in Ascending and Descending order.
3. Finding the largest and smallest elements in an array.
4. Reversing array elements.
5. Block move.

IV Code Conversion
1. BCD to Hex and Hex to BCD
2. Binary to ASCII and ASCII to binary
3. ASCII to BCD and BCD to ASCII

V Simple programs on 8051 Microcontroller

1. Addition
2. Subtraction
3. Multiplication
4. Division
5. Interfacing Experiments using 8051
A) Realisation of Boolean Expression through ports.
B) Time delay generation using subroutines.
C) Display LEDs through ports
8055-MICROPROCESSOR
I - ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION

EX.NO:1A 8 - BIT ADDITION

AIM:
To write an 8085 assembly language program for 8-bit addition

ALGORITHM:
1) Start the program by loading the first data into Accumulator.
2) Move the data to a register (B register).
3) Get the second data and load it into Accumulator.
4) Add the two register contents.
5) Check for “ carry “.
6) Store the value of the sum and “ carry ” in the memory location.
7) Terminate the program.

PROGRAM:
Address Labels HEX Codes Mnemonics Comments
8000 0E, 00 MVI C,00H Clear C register
8002 21, 50, 80 LXI H,8050H Load initial address to
get operand
8005 7E MOV A,M Load Acc with memory
element
8006 23 INX H Point to next location
8007 46 MOV B,M Load B with second
operand
8008 80 ADD B Add B with A
8009 D2, 0D, 80 JNC STORE When CY = 0, go to STORE
800C 0C INR C Increase C by 1
800D STORE 32, 52, 80 STA 8052H Store the sum value

8010 79 MOV A, C Move carry to accumulator

8011 32, 53, 80 STA 8053H Store the carry

8014 76 HLT Terminate the program

INPUT:
Address Data
8050 FF Data 1
 8051 FF Data 2

OUTPUT:
Address Data
8052 FE SUM
8053 01 CARRY

RESULT:
Thus the above program executed successfully.

EX.NO:1B 16 - BIT ADDITION

AIM:
To write an 8085 assembly language program for 16-bit addition

ALGORITHM:
1. Load both the lower bit and higher bit of first number at once.
2. Copy the content HL pair to DE pair register.
3. Load the lower and higher bit of second number in HL pair register.
4. ADD both the register pair content using DAD operation.

6. Store the value of the sum and “ carry ” in the memory location.
7. Terminate the program.

PROGRAM:
Address Labels HEX Codes Mnemonics Comments
8000 06, 00 MVI B,00H Save the carry
8002 2A, 50, 80 LHLD 8050H Get first 16 bit number
in DE
8005 EB XCHG Save first 16 bit number
in DE
8006 2A, 52, 80 LHLD 8052H Get second 16 bit number
in HL
8009 19 DAD D Add DE and HL
800A D2, 0E, 80 JNC STORE Jump no Carry to store
sum
800D INR B Increment B
04
800E STORE 22, 54, 80 SHLD 8054H Store the sum value
8011 78 MOV A, B Move carry to accumulator

8012 32, 56, 80 STA 8056H Store the carry value

8015 76 HLT Terminate the program

INPUT:
Address Data
8050 FF Data 1-LSB
8051 FF Data 1-MSB
8052 FF Data 2-LSB
8053 FF Data 2-MSB

OUTPUT:
Address Data
8054 FE SUM-LSB
8055 FF SUM-MSB
8056 01 CARRY

RESULT:
Thus the above program executed successfully.

EX.NO:1C 8 - BIT SUBTRACTION

AIM:
To write an 8085 assembly language program for two 8-bit Subtraction

ALGORITHM:
1. Load 00 in a register C (for borrow)
2. Load two 8-bit number from memory into
registers
3. Move one number to accumulator
4. Subtract the second number with accumulator
5. If borrow is not equal to 1, go to step 7
6. Increment register for borrow by 1
7. Store accumulator content in memory
8. Move content of register into accumulator
9. Store content of accumulator in other memory
location
10. Stop

PROGRAM:

Address Label Hex Codes Mnemonics Comments

8000 0E, 00 MVI C, 00H Clear C register
Load initial address to get
8002 21, 50, 80 LXI H, 8050H
operand
Load Acc with memory
8005 7E MOV A, M
element
8006 23 INX H Point to next location
Load B with second
8007 46 MOV B, M
operand
8008 90 SUB B SUB B with A
8009 D2, 0F, 80 JNC LOOP When CY = 0, go to STORE
800C 2F CMA Complement A
 800D 3C INR A Increment Accumulator
800E 0C INR C Increase C by 1
800F LOOP 32, 52, 80 STA 8052H Store the sum value
Move carry to accumulator
8012 79 MOV A, C
8013 32, 53, 80 STA 8053H Store the carry
8016 76 HLT Terminate the program

INPUT: INPUT:
Address Data Address Data
8050 07H Data 1 8050 0AH Data 1
8051 0AH Data 2 8051 07H Data 2

OUTPUT: NEGATIVE VALUE OUTPUT: POSITIVE VALUE

Address Data
Address Data 8052 03H
DIFFERENCE BORROW
8052 03H 8053 00H
DIFFERENCE BORROW
8053 01H
RESULT:
Thus the above program executed successfully.

EX.NO:1D BCD SUBTRACTION

AIM:
To write an 8085 assembly language program to subtract two BCD (Binary Coded Decimal)
numbers and store the result in memory

ALGORITHM:
1. Load the first BCD number from memory into the accumulator.
2. Copy the accumulator to register B
3. Load the second BCD number from memory into the accumulator.
4. Subtract the second BCD number from the B register, storing the result in the accumulator.
5. Perform a Decimal Adjust after Subtraction (DAA) to correct any borrow
that may have occurred during subtraction.
6. Store the result of subtraction in memory at a specified address.
7. Halt the program.

PROGRAM:

Address Label Hex Codes Mnemonics Comments

Load the accumulator
8000 3A, 51, 80 LDA 8051H with 2nd BCD number in
8051H
Copy the first BCD
8003 4F MOV C, A
number to register C
 Move Immediate 99H to
8004 3E, 99 MVI A, 99H
accumulator
Subtract with
8006 91 SUB C
accumulator
8007 3C INR A Increment accumulator
Move accumulator to
8008 47 MOV B,A
register B
Load the accumulator
8009 3A, 50, 80 LDA 8050H with 1st BCD number in
8050H
800C 80 ADD B Add with register B
Decimal adjust after
800D 27 DAA subtraction to correct
any borrow
Store the result at
800E 32, 52, 80 STA 8052H
9000H
8011 76 HLT Terminate the Program

INPUT:
Address Data
8050 72H Data 1
8051 35H Data 2

OUTPUT:
Address Data
8052 37H

RESULT:
Thus the above program executed successfully.
 II - MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION

EX.NO:2A 8 - BIT MULTIPLICATION

AIM:
To write an 8085 assembly language program for two 8-bit
Multiplication

ALGORITHM:
1. Load 00 in a register D (for carry)
2. Load two 8-bit number from memory into
registers
3. Load B with second operand
4. ADD B with A
5. When CY = 0, go to step 7
6. Increment D register
7. Decrement C register
8. When CY = 1, go to step 4
9. Store the Product value
10. Move carry to accumulator
11. Stop

PROGRAM:

Address Label Hex Codes Mnemonics Comments

8000 16, 00H MVI D, 00H Clear C register

8002 AF XRA A And or with register A

Load initial address to
8003 21, 50, 80 LXI H, 8050H get
operand
Load Acc with memory
8006 46 MOV B, M element
8007 23 INX H Point to next location

8008 4E MOV C, M Load B with second

operand
8009 STORE 80 ADD B ADD B with A

800A D2, 0E, 80 JNC LOOP When CY = 0, go to LOOP

800D 14 INR D Increment D register

800E LOOP 0D DCR C Decrement C register

800F C2, 09, 80 JNZ STORE When CY = 1, go to

STORE
8012 32, 52, 80 STA 8052H Store the Product value

8015 7A MOV A, D Move carry to

accumulator
8016 32, 53, 80 STA 8053H Store the carry

8019 76 HLT Terminate the program

INPUT:
Address Data
8050 05H MULTIPLICANT
8051 06H MULTIPLIER

OUTPUT:
Address Data
8052 1EH PRODUCT
8053 00H CARRY

RESULT:
Thus the above program executed
successfully.

EX.NO:2B BCD MULTIPLICATION

AIM:
To write an 8085 assembly language program for BCD
Multiplication

ALGORITHM:
1. Initialize the data segment.
2. Get the first unpacked BCD number.
3. Get the second unpacked BCD number.
4. Multiply the two numbers.
5. Adjust result to valid unpacked BCD number
in AX.
6. Display the result.
7. Stop

PROGRAM:

Address
Label Hex Codes Mnemonics Comments
8000 2A, 50, 80 LHLD 8050H Load HL register

8003 0E, 00 MVI C, 00H Move Immediate C

with00H
Move the first operand to
8005 7C MOV A, H
Accumulator
8006 85 ADD L Add with L register
Move the pointer with
8007 27 DAA
Decimal Adjust
Accumulator
Jump no carry to store
8008 D2, 0C, 80 JNC LOOP
the
result
800B 0C INR C Increment register C

800C LOOP 32, 50, 90 STA 9050H Store the result

800F 79 MOV A,C Move carry to

Accumulator
8010 32, 51, 90 STA 9051H store the carry

8013 76 HLT Terminate the program

INPUT:
Address Data
8050 32H MULTIPLICANT
8051 77H MULTIPLIER

OUTPUT:
Address Data
8052 09H PRODUCT
8053 01H CARRY

RESULT:
Thus the above program executed
successfully.

EX.NO:2C 8 - BIT DIVISION

AIM:
To write an 8085 assembly language program for two 8-bit
Division

ALGORITHM:
1. Start the program by loading the HL pair registers with address of memory
location.
2. Move the data to B Register.
3. Load the second data into accumulator.
4. Compare the two numbers to check carry.
5. Subtract two numbers.
6. Increment the value of carry.
7. Check whether the repeated subtraction is over.
8. Then store the results(quotient and remainder) in given memory location.
9. Terminate the program.

PROGRAM:

Address Label Hex Codes Mnemonics Comments

8000 06, 00H MVI B, 00H To store the quotient

value
Load initial address to
8002 21, 50, 80 LXI H, 8050H
get
operand
Load Acc with memory
8005 7E MOV A, M
element
8006 23 INX H Point to next location

8007 4E MOV C, M Move content M with C

8008 STORE B9 CMP C Compare C register

8009 DA, 11, 80 JC LOOP When CY = 0, go to LOOP

800C 91 SUB C Subtact with C

800D 04 INR B Increment B register

800E C3, 08, 80 JMP STORE When CY = 1, go to

STORE
 8011 LOOP 32, 53, 80 STA 8053H Store the remainder
value
8014 78 MOV A, B Move result to
accumulator
8015 32, 52, 80 STA 8052H Store the result

8018 76 HLT Terminate the program

INPUT:
Address Data
8050 0FH DIVIDENT
8051 02H DIVISOR

OUTPUT:
Address Data
8052 07H QUOTIENT
8053 01H REMAINDER

RESULT:
Thus the above program executed
successfully.
 III - SORTING AND SEARCHING
EX.NO:3A
SEARCHING AN ELEMENT IN AN ARRAY

AIM:
To write an 8085 ALP program to searching an element in an array

ALGORITHM:
1. Make the memory pointer points to memory location 8050 by help of LXI H 8050 instruction
2. Store value of array size in register C
3. Store number to be search in register B
4. Increment memory pointer by 1 so that it points to next array index
5. Store element of array in accumulator A and compare it with value of B
6. If both are same i.e. if ZF = 1 then store F0 in A and store the result in memory location 9000 and go to step 9
7. Otherwise store 00 in memory location 9000
8. Decrement C by 01 and check if C is not equal to zero i.e. ZF = 0, if true go to step 3 otherwise go to step 9
9. End of program

PROGRAM:

Address Label Hex Codes Mnemonics Comment

Pointer points to
8000 21,50,80 LXI H, 8050H memory location 8050
8003 46 MOV B,M Store value of array size
Increment memory
8004 23 INX H pointer
8005 4E MOV C,M Move the value to C
Increment memory
8006 23 INX H pointer
Move the value to
8007 L2 7E MOV A,M Accumulator
8008 B9 CMP C Compare tha value of C
if c=0 then jump to
8009 CA,1A,80 JZ L1 desired value
Increment memory
800C 23 INX H pointer
Decrement memory B
800D 05 DCR B register
if c not equal to zero
800E C2,07,80 JNZ L2 then jump to next value
8011 21,00,00 LXI H, 0000H point to null value
8014 22,00,90 SHLD 9000H store null value
8017 C3,1D,80 JMP L3 go to stop
store value of searched
801A L1 22,00,90 SHLD 9000H element
801D L3 76 HLT stop
 INPUT:
Address Data
8050 06 <-Array size
8051 08 <-Searching Element
8052 20
8053 18
8054 45
8055 33
8056 08
8057 71

OUTPUT: IF VALUE FOUND OUTPUT: IF VALUE NOT FOUND

Address Data Address Data
9000 56 9000 00
9001 80 9001 00

RESULT:
Thus the above program executed successfully.

EX.NO:3B
SORTING IN ASCENDING ORDER

AIM:
To write an 8085 Assembly language program to sort numbers in ascending order

ALGORITHM :

1) Move the data to a register B

2) Store value in register C to B
3) Make the memory pointer points to memory location to store the data with the help of HL register pair
4) Store value of array size in register A, M
5) Increment memory pointer by 1 so that it points to next array index
6) Move to the next element of array in D register and compare it with value of D
7) If carry=1
8) Move the next element in accumulator to memory and decrement the H register
9) Move next element from D register to M
10) Increment HL register and decrement B register
11) If both are same i.e. if ZF = 1 then store F0 in A and store the result in memory location 8050
12) Decrement C by 01 and check if C is not equal to zero i.e. ZF = 0, if true go to step 3 otherwise go to step 3
13) End of program

PROGRAM:
Address Labels HEX Codes Mnemonics Comments
8000 06,04 MVI B,04H Move immediate B<-04H
8002 L3 48 MOV C,B Move C<-B
8003 21,50,80 LXI H,8050 Load HL register pair
8006 L2 7E MOV A,M A<-M
Increment to next
8007 23 INX H
pointer
8008 56 MOV D,M Move the Data M<-D
Compare D with next
8009 BA CMP D
element
If Jump carry=1, then
800A DA,11,80 JC L1
point to next location
800D 77 MOV M,A Move Acc to M register
800E 2B DCX H Decrement H
800F 72 MOV M,D Move D<-M
Increment to next
8010 23 INX H
pointer
8011 L1 0D DCR C Decrement C
If Jump Non Zero=1, then
8012 C2,06,80 JNZ L2 decrement B else Move
to 8006 memory location
8015 5 DCR B Decrement B
If Jump Non Zero=1, then
8016 C2,02,80 JNZ L3 stop else Move to 8002
memory location
8019 76 HLT Terminate the program

INPUT:
Address Data
8050 15
8051 45
8052 35
8053 25
8054 65

OUTPUT:
Address Data
8050 15
8051 25
8052 35
8053 45
8054 65

RESULT:
Thus the above program executed successfully.
EX.NO:3C
SORTING IN DESCENDING ORDER

AIM:
To write an 8085 Assembly language program to sort numbers in descending order

ALGORITHM:
1) Move the data to a register B
2) Store value in register C to B
3) Make the memory pointer points to memory location to store the data with the help of HL register pair
4) Store value of array size in register A, M
5) Increment memory pointer by 1 so that it points to next array index
6) Move to the next element of array in D register and compare it with value of D
7) If carry=0
8) Move the next element in accumulator to memory and decrement the H register
9) Move next element from D register to M
10) Increment HL register and decrement B register
11) If both are same i.e. if ZF = 1 then store F0 in A and store the result in memory location 8050
12) Decrement C by 01 and check if C is not equal to zero i.e. ZF = 0, if true go to step 3 otherwise go to step 3
13) End of program

PROGRAM:
Address Labels HEX Codes Mnemonics Comments
8000 06,04 MVI B,04H Move immediate B<-04H
8002 L3 48 MOV C,B Move C<-B
8003 21,50,80 LXI H,8050 Load HL register pair
8006 L2 7E MOV A,M A<-M
Increment to next
8007 23 INX H
pointer
8008 56 MOV D,M Move the Data M<-D
Compare D with next
8009 BA CMP D
element
If Jump carry=0, then
800A D2,11,80 JNC L1
point to next location
800D 77 MOV M,A Move Acc to M register
800E 2B DCX H Decrement H
800F 72 MOV M,D Move D<-M
Increment to next
8010 23 INX H
pointer
8011 L1 0D DCR C Decrement C
 If Jump Non Zero=1, then
8012 C2,06,80 JNZ L2 decrement B else Move
to 8006 memory location
8015 05, DCR B Decrement B
If Jump Non Zero=1, then
8016 C2,02,80 JNZ L3 stop else Move to 8002
memory location
8019 76 HLT Terminate the program

INPUT:
Address Data
8050 15
8051 45
8052 35
8053 25
8054 65

OUTPUT:
Address Data
8050 65
8051 45
8052 35
8053 25
8054 15

RESULT:
Thus the above program executed successfully.

EX.NO:3D
FINDING THE LARGEST ELEMENT IN AN ARRAY

AIM:
To write an 8085 Assembly language program to find the largest element in an array

ALGORITHM:
1) Load the address of the first element of the array in HL pair
2) Move the count to B – reg.
3) Increment the pointer.
4) Get the first data in A – reg.
5) Decrement the count.
6) Increment the pointer.
7) Compare the content of memory addressed by HL pair with that of A – reg.
8) If Carry = 0, go to step 10 or if Carry = 1 go to step 9.
9) Move the content of memory addressed by HL to A – reg.
10) Decrement the count
11) Check for Zero of the count. If ZF = 0, go to step 6, or if ZF = 1 go to next step.
12) Store the largest data in memory.
13) Terminate the program.

PROGRAM:
Address Labels HEX Codes Mnemonics Comments
8000 21, 40, 80 LXI H,8040H Point to get an array size
8003 4E MOV C, M Get the size of array
8004 23 INX H Point to actual array
8005 46 MOV B, M Load the first number
into B
8006 0D DCR C Decrease C
8007 LOOP 23 INX H Point to next location
8008 7E MOV A, M Get the next number
from memory to Acc
8009 B8 CMP B Compare Acc and B
800A DA, 0E, 80 JC SKIP if B > A,then skip
800D 47 MOV B, A If CY is 0, update B
800E SKIP 0D DCR C Decrease C
800F C2, 07, 80 JNZ LOOP When count is not 0, go
to LOOP
8012 21, 00, 90 LXI H,9000H Point to destination
address

8015 70 MOV M, B Store the minimum

number
8016 76 HLT Terminate the program

INPUT:
Address Data
8040 5
8041 55
8042 22
8043 44
8044 11
8045 66

Address Data
9000 66

RESULT:
Thus the above program executed successfully.
EX.NO:3E
FINDING THE SMALLEST ELEMENT IN AN ARRAY

AIM:
To write an 8085 Assembly language program to find the smallest element in an array

ALGORITHM:
1. Load the address of the first element of the array in HL pair
2. Move the count to B register.
3. Increment the pointer.
4. Get the first data in Accumulator.
5. Decrement the count.
6. Increment the pointer.
7. Compare the content of memory addressed by HL pair with that of Accumulator.
8. If carry = 1, go to step 10 or if Carry = 0 go to step 9.
9. Move the content of memory addressed by HL to Accumulator.
10. Decrement the count.
11. Check for Zero of the If ZF = 0, go to step 6, or if ZF = 1 go to next step.
12. Store the smallest data in memory.
13. Terminate the program.

PROGRAM:
Address Labels HEX Codes Mnemonics Comments
8000 21, 40, 80 LXI H,8040H Point to get an array size

8003 4E MOV C, M Get the size of array

8004 23 INX H Point to actual array

Load the first number
8005 46 MOV B, M
into B
8006 0D DCR C Decrease C
8007 LOOP 23 INX H Point to next location
Get the next number
8008 7E MOV A, M
from memory to Acc

8009 B8 CMP B Compare Acc and B

800A D2, 0E, 80 JNC SKIP if B > A,then skip

800D 47 MOV B, A If CY is 0, update B

800E SKIP 0D DCR C Decrease C
 When count is not 0, go
800F C2, 07, 80 JNZ LOOP
to LOOP

Point to destination
8012 21, 00, 90 LXI H,9000H
address

Store the minimum

8015 70 MOV M, B
number
8016 76 HLT Terminate the program

INPUT:
Address Data
8040 5
8041 55
8042 22
8043 44
8044 11
8045 66

Address Data
9000 11

RESULT:
Thus the above program executed successfully.

EX.NO:3F
REVERSING ARRAY ELEMENTS

AIM:
To write an 8085 assembly language program to reverse an array elements

ALGORITHM:
1. The DE register pair is set to point at destination address 9000H.
2. The HL pair is set to point to the last element of the block.
3. If the block size is 0A, then the last block will be at 800A
4. HL is pointing to 8050, and took the block size from there and store to C
5. Now add C with the L register to get the last block address.
6. Now take each element from memory pointed by HL
7. Store it back to the memory pointed by the DE.
8. Increase the DE
9. Decrease the HL
10.Entire block will be moved in reverse direction
PROGRAM:
Address Labels HEX Codes Mnemonics Comments
8000 21, 50, 80 LXI H,8050 Point to 8050 to get
block size
8003 4E MOV C,M Take the block size into C

8004 11, 00 90 LXI D, 9000 Point to the destination

address
8007 7D MOV A,L Load L into A
8008 81 ADD C Add C to point to last
address of block
8009 6F MOV L,A Store A to L again
800A LOOP 7E MOV A,M Load memory to A
800B 12 STAX D Store A into destination
pointed by DE
800C 13 INX D Point destination to next
address
800D 2B DCX H Point source to previous
address
800E 0D DCR C Decrease C by 1
800F C2, 0A, 80 JNZ LOOP if Z is not set jump to
LOOP
8012 76 HLT Terminate the program

INPUT:
Address Data
8050 05
8051 11
8052 22
8053 33
8054 44
8055 55

OUTPUT:

Address Data
9000 55
9001 44
9002 33
9003 22
9004 11

RESULT:
Thus the above program executed successfully.
EX.NO:3G
MOVE BLOCK FROM SOURCE TO DESTINATION

AIM:
To write an 8085 assembly language program to move a block from source to destination

ALGORITHM:
1 Load register pair H-L with the address 8050H
2 Load register pair D-E with the address 8070H
3 Move the content at memory location into accumulator
4 Store the content of accumulator into memory pointed by D-E
5 Increment value of register pair H-L and D-E by 1
6 Decrements value of register C by 1
7 If zero flag not equal to 1, go to step 3
8 Stop

PROGRAM:

Address Label Hex Codes Mnemonic Comment

Setup HL pair as a
8000 START: 21,50,80 LXI H, 8050H pointer for source
memory.
Set up DE pair as a
8003 11,70,80 LXI D, 8070H pointer for destination
memory
Set up B to count 16
8006 6,10 MVI B, 10H
bytes
Get data byte from
8008 LOOP: 7E MOV A, M
source.
Store data byte as
8009 12 STAX D
destination

Point HL to next source

800A 23 INX H
location
Point DE to next
800B 13 INX D
destination

800C 5 DCR B Decrement count

If counter is not 0, go
800D C2,08,80 JNZ LOOP back to transfer next
byte.
8010 76 HLT Stop

INPUT: OUTPUT:
Address Value Address Value
8050H 0 8070H 0
8051H 11 8071H 11
8052H 22 8072H 22
8053H 33 8073H 33
8054H 44 8074H 44
8055H 55 8075H 55

RESULT:
Thus the above program executed successfully.
 IV - CODE CONVERSION

EX.NO:4A
BCD TO HEX CONVERSION

AIM:
To write an 8085 assembly language program for BCD to HEXA DECIMAL conversion

ALGORITHM:

1. Initialize memory pointer to 8050

2. Get the most significant digit
3. Multiply the MSD by 10 using repeated addition
4. Add LSD to result obtained in above step
5. Store the converted result in memory 8052

PROGRAM:

ADDRESS LABEL HEX CODE MNEMONICS COMMENT

8000 3A, 50,80 LDA 8050 Load Input in accumulator
8003 47 MOV B, A Move accumulator to B
8004 E6, 0F ANI 0FH And immediate 0F
8006 4F MOV C, A Move accumulator to C
8007 78 MOV A, B Move B to accumulator
8008 E6, F0 ANI F0H And immediate F0
800A 0F RRC Rotate Right Accumulator
800B 0F RRC Rotate Right Accumulator
800C 0F RRC Rotate Right Accumulator
800D 0F RRC Rotate Right Accumulator
800E 57 MOV D, A Move accumulator to D
800F 1E, 0A MVI E, 0AH Move Immediate 0A to E
8011 AF XRA A Exclusive OR Accumulator
8012 LOOP 82 ADD D Add content D
8013 1D DCR E Decrement E
8014 C2, 12, 80 JNZ LOOP Jump Non Zero
8017 81 ADD C Add the value of C
8018 32, 52, 80 STA 8052 Store Hex value in 8052
801B 76 HLT Stop

INPUT: OUTPUT:
Address Value Address Value
8050H 35 8052H 23

RESULT:
Thus the above program executed successfully.
EX.NO:4B
HEXA-DECIMAL TO BCD CONVERSION

AIM:
To write an 8085 assembly language program for HEXA DECIMAL to BCD conversion

ALGORITHM:

1. Initialize memory pointer to 8050 H

2. Get the Hexa decimal number in C - register
3. Perform repeated addition for C number of times
4. Adjust for BCD in each step
5. Store the BCD data in Memory

PROGRAM:

Address Labels HEX Codes Mnemonics Comments

8000 21, 50, 80 LXI H,8050H Initialize memory pointer
8003 16, 00 MVI D,00H Clear D- reg for Most significant Byte
8005 AF XRA A Clear Accumulator
8006 4E MOV C, M Get HEX data
8007 LOOP C6, 01 ADI 01H Count the number one by one
8009 27 DAA Adjust for BCD count
800A D2, 0E, 80 JNC SKIP Jump to SKIP
800D 14 INR D Increase D
800E SKIP 0D DCR C Decrease C register
800F C2, 07, 80 JNZ LOOP Jump to LOOP
8012 6F MOV L, A Load the Least Significant Byte
8013 62 MOV H, D Load the Most Significant Byte
8014 22, 52, 80 SHLD 8052H Store the BCD
8017 76 HLT Terminate the program

INPUT: OUTPUT:
Address Value Address Value
8050H 23 8052H 35

RESULT:
Thus the above program executed successfully.
EX.NO:4C
BINARY TO ASCII CONVERSION

AIM:
To write an 8085 assembly language program for BINARY TO ASCII conversion

ALGORITHM:
1. Check if the digit is greater than or equal to 0A (in hexadecimal).
2. If it is, add 37 to the digit to convert it into ASCII value.
3. If it is not, add 30 to the digit to convert it into ASCII value.
4. Check the carry status.
5. If the carry status is 0, add 30H with the value to get ASCII value.

PROGRAM:

Address Labels HEX Codes Mnemonics Comments

8000 3A, 50, 80 LDA 8050H Initialize memory pointer
8003 FE, 0A CPI 0AH Compare data with 0AH
8005 DA, 0A, 80 JC LOOP Jump if Carry
8008 C6, 07 ADI 07H Add immediate 07H
800A LOOP C6, 30 ADI 30H Add immediate 07H
800C 32, 52, 80 STA 8052H Store the ASCII value
800F 76 HLT Terminate the program

INPUT:1 OUTPUT:1
Address Value Address Value
8050H 0C 8052H 43

INPUT:2 OUTPUT:2
Address Value Address Value
8050H 08 8052H 38

RESULT:
Thus the above program executed successfully.

EX.NO:4D
ASCII TO BINARY CONVERSION

AIM:
To write an 8085 assembly language program for ASCII TO BINARY conversion

ALGORITHM:
1. Input the content of 8050 in accumulator
 2. Subtract 30H to accumulator
3. Compare with 0AH
4. Jump if Carry
5. Subtract offset to get Alphabetic character
6. Store content of Hex value to memory location 8052
7. Terminate the process

PROGRAM:

Address Labels HEX Codes Mnemonics Comments

8000 3A, 50, 80 LDA 8050H Initialize memory pointer

8003 D6, 30 SUI 30H

Subtract 30to get numeric value
8005 FE, 0A CPI 0AH Compare with ASCII

8007 DA, 0C, 80 JC LOOP Jump if carry

Subtract offset to get Alphabetic
800A D6, 07 SUI 07H
character
800C LOOP 32, 52, 80 STA 8052H Store the Hex value

800F 76 HLT Terminate the program

INPUT:1 OUTPUT:1
Address Value Address Value
8050H 43 8052H 0C

INPUT:2 OUTPUT:2
Address Value Address Value
8050H 38 8052H 08

RESULT:
Thus the above program executed successfully.

EX.NO:4E
BCD TO ASCII CONVERSION

AIM:
To write an 8085 assembly language program for BCD TO ASCII conversion

ALGORITHM:
1. Input the content of 8050 in accumulator
2. ADD 30 to accumulator
3. Store the ASCII value
4. Terminate the program
PROGRAM:
 Address Labels HEX Codes Mnemonics Comments

8000 3A, 50, 80 LDA 8050H Initialize memory pointer

8003 C6, 30 ADI 30H Add 30H to get numeric value
8005 32, 52, 80 STA 8052H Store the ASCII value
8007 76 HLT Terminate the program

INPUT: OUTPUT:
Address Value Address Value
08 8052H 38

RESULT:
Thus the above program executed successfully.

EX.NO:4F
ASCII TO BCD CONVERSION

AIM:
To write an 8085 assembly language program for ASCII TO BCD conversion

ALGORITHM:
1. Input the content of 8050 in accumulator
2. SUB 30 to accumulator
3. Store the BCD value
4. Terminate the program
PROGRAM:

Address Labels HEX Codes Mnemonics Comments

8000 3A, 50, 80 LDA 8050H Initialize memory pointer
8003 D6, 30 SUI 30H Sub 30H to get numeric value
8005 32, 52, 80 STA 8052H Store the BCD value
8007 76 HLT Terminate the program

INPUT: OUTPUT:
Address Value Address Value
8050H 39 8052H 09

RESULT:
Thus the above program executed successfully.
8051-MICROPROCESSOR
EX-5A SIMPLE PROGRAMS ON 8051 MICROCONTROLLER
ADDITION

AIM:

To develop a program that performs the addition of two 8-bit numbers using the 8051
microcontroller.

ALGORITHM:

1. Initialize the first number: Load the first number into register A.
2. Initialize the second number: Load the second number into another register (e.g., R0).
3. Perform Addition: Add the two numbers and store the result in register A.
4. Store/Display the result: Store the result in a memory location or output port.

SOURCE CODE:

MNEMONICS COMMENTS
Orgin directives to set the
ORG 0 H
starting address as 0H
Move the first data 20H in
MOV A, #20H
accumulator
Move the second data 10H in R0
MOV R0, #10H
register
ADD A, R0 Add the values
END stop

RESULT:
Thus the above program executed successfully
EX-5B SIMPLE PROGRAMS ON 8051 MICROCONTROLLER
SUBTRACTION

AIM:

To develop a program that performs the subtraction of two 8-bit numbers using the 8051.

ALGORITHM:

1. Initialize the first number: Load the first number into register A.
2. Initialize the second number: Load the second number into another register (e.g., R0).
3. Perform Subtraction: Subtract the second number from the first number and store the
result in register A.
4. Store/Display the result: Store the result in a memory location or output port.

SOURCE CODE:

MNEMONICS COMMENTS
Orgin directives to set the
ORG 0
starting address as 0H
Move the first data 20H in
MOV A,#20H
accumulator
Move the second data 10H in R0
MOV R0,#10H
register
SUBB A,R0 Subtract the values
END stop

RESULT:
Thus the above program executed successfully
EX-5C SIMPLE PROGRAMS ON 8051 MICROCONTROLLER
MULTIPLICATION

AIM:
To develop a program that performs the multiplication of two 8-bit numbers using the 8051 microcontrolle

Algorithm

1. Initialize the first number: Load the first number into register A.
2. Initialize the second number: Load the second number into register B.
3. Perform Multiplication: Use the MUL AB instruction to multiply the numbers in registers
A and B.
4. Store/Display the result: Store the result in designated registers or memory locations.

SOURCE CODE:
MNEMONICS COMMENTS
CLR C Clear the content
MOV A,#04H Move the first data 04H in
accumulator
MOV B,#03H Move the second data 03H in
B register
MUL A B Multiply the values
MOV R4,A Move the result in R4 register
JMP $ Jump and stop

RESULT:
Thus the above program executed successfully
r.
EX:5D SIMPLE PROGRAMS ON 8051 MICROCONTROLLER
DIVISION

AIM:

To develop a program that performs integer division of two 8-bit numbers using the 8051
microcontroller.

ALGORITHM:

1. Initialize the dividend: Load the dividend into register A.

2. Initialize the divisor: Load the divisor into register B.
3. Perform Division:
o Subtract the divisor from the dividend until the dividend is less than the divisor.
o Count the number of subtractions to get the quotient.
o The remainder is left in register A after the division process.
4. Store/Display the result: Store the quotient and remainder in designated registers or
memory location

SOURCE CODE:

MNEMONICS COMMENTS
CLR C Clear the content
MOV A, #06H Move the first data 06H in
accumulator
MOV B, #03H Move the second data 03H in
B register
DIV A B Divide the values
MOV R4,A Move the result in R4
register
JMP $ Jump and stop

RESULT:
Thus the above program executed successfully
EX:5E REALISATION OF BOOLEAN EXPRESSION THROUGH PORTS

AIM:

To develop an experiment using the 8051 microcontroller to realize a Boolean expression through its ports.

ALGORITHM:

1. Initialize the ports: Configure the ports of the 8051 microcontroller for input and output.
2. Implement the Boolean expression: Write the code to evaluate a Boolean expression
using the inputs from the ports.
3. Display the result: Output the result of the Boolean expression using the LEDs connected
to the ports

SOURCE CODE:

MNEMONICS COMMENTS
ORG 0000H Configure Port 0 (P0) for input (switches).
MOV P0, #0FFH Configure P0.0-P0.7 as input. Configure Port 1 (P1) for
output (LEDs).
MOV P1, #00H Initialize P1.0-P1.7 as output ; Read inputs (switches)
MOV A, P0 Read the state of Port 0 (switches). Extract variables from
inputs.
MOV B, A Store inputs in register B ; Implement Boolean expression:
Y = A * B' + C ; A is connected to P0.0, B is connected to
P0.1, and C is connected to P0.2
MOV C, A Move inputs to C.
ANL C, #01H Bitwise AND operation and store the result in C register
ANL A, #02H Bitwise AND operation and stop the execution

RESULT:
Thus the above program executed successfully
EX-5F SIMPLE PROGRAMS ON 8051 MICROCONTROLLER
Time delay generation using subroutines

AIM:

To develop an experiment using the 8051 microcontroller to generate time delays using
subroutines.

ALGORITHM:

1. Initialize the ports: Configure the ports of the 8051 microcontroller for output (LEDs).
2. Implement time delay subroutine: Write a subroutine to generate a specific time delay.
3. Call the subroutine: Call the subroutine from the main program to generate the desired
time delay.
4. Display the time delay: Use LEDs to indicate the duration of the time delay.

SOURCE CODE:

MNEMONICS COMMENTS

ORG 0000H Configure Port 1 (P1) for output (LEDs)

MOV P1, #00H Initialize P1.0-P1.7 as output

MAIN: Main program loop

Generate a delay of 1 second (assuming a
CALL DELAY_1S clock frequency of 11.0592 MHz)
SJMP MAIN Loop indefinitely
Subroutine to generate a delay of
DELAY_1S: approximately 1 second
MOV R2, #250 Move the values to R2 register
OUTER_LOOP: Initialize outer loop counter
MOV R1, #250 Move the values to R1 register
INNER_LOOP: Initialize inner loop counter
DJNZ R1, INNER_LOOP Decrement R1, jump if not zero
DJNZ R2, OUTER_LOOP Decrement R2, jump if not zero
RET Return from subroutine

RESULT:
Thus the above program executed successfully
EX-5G SIMPLE PROGRAMS ON 8051 MICROCONTROLLER
Display LEDs through ports

AIM:

To develop an experiment using the 8051 microcontroller to display LEDs through its ports.

ALGORITHM:

1. Initialize the ports: Configure the ports of the 8051 microcontroller for output (LEDs)
2. Toggle LEDs: Write a program to toggle LEDs connected to the ports.
3. Display the output: Observe the LEDs to verify they are toggling correctly.

SOURCE CODE:
MNEMONICS COMMENTS
ORG 00H Configure Port 1 (P1) for output (LEDs)
BACK: MOV A,#0FEH Move data to Accumulator
MOV P1,A Move data from Accumulator to P1
ACALL DELAY Call function
MOV A,#0FFH Move data to Accumulator
MOV P1,A Move data from Accumulator to P1
ACALL DELAY Call function
SJMP BACK Jump Label
DELAY: MOV R0,#0FFH Move data to Register R0
AGAIN: MOV R1,0FFH Move data to Register R1
HERE: DJNZ R1,HERE Decrement the value R1 if JNZ=1
DJNZ R0,AGAIN Decrement the value R0 if JNZ=1
RET Return and stop the execution

RESULT:
Thus the above program executed successfully