Physics Formulae

Physics Formulae For IMAT by Irfan Azad

4
1. V olume of sphere = πr
2

2
Surf ace area of sphere = 4πr

2. Circumf erence of circle = 2πr

3. cos0
∘
= 1 : cos90
∘
= 0

∘ ∘
sin0 = 0 : cos90 = 1

4. W = mg

5. Hooke's Law
T = kx = F = kx

1
2
W ork Done = F x = kx
2

6. W = F ⋅ dcosθ

7. Area of Trapezoid

Base 1 + Base 2
area = H eight ×
2

8. Area of Triangle

Base
area = H eight ×
2

1
9. Kinetic Energy = mv
2

1 1
10. W ork Done = ΔEnergy = ΔKinetic Energy = mv
2
− mu
2

2 2

W
11. P = = Fv
t
12. P = mv

ΔP
F =
Δt

F ∝ ΔP

F ⋅ Δt = J = ΔP

2
P
13. Kinetic Energy =
2m

1
Kinetic Energy ∝
M ass

14. Q = mcΔT

U = Q − W

W = Q

Isothermal Process, when work is done at the cost of external heat supplied.

W = −ΔU

Adiabatic Process, when work is done at cost of internal energy.

15. SHM
a ∝ −x

2
a = −ω x

2π
ω =
T

2π
T =
ω
 1
ω ∝
T

k
ma = F = −kx ⇒ a = − x
m

k k
2
√
ω = ⇒ ω =
m m

2π
T =
k
√
m

m
T = 2π√
k

ma = F = −mgsinθ ⇒ a = −gsinθ

x
a = −g ⋅ sin( )
L

Small angle approximation for sin:

x g
a = −g ⋅ ⇒ a = −( ) ⋅ x
L L

g g g
2 2
−ω x = − ⋅ x ⇒ ω = ⇒ ω = √
L L L

g
ω = √
L

2π 2π
= T =
ω g
√
L
 L
T = 2π√
g

1
16. T = ∵ (unit = sec)
f

1
−1
f = ∵ (unit = sec )
T

T ⋅ f = 1

17. Phase Shift

Shif t in sec
∘
Shif t Angle in degrees = × 360
T ime P eriod in sec

shif t
∘
ϕ = × 360
T

18. 360
∘
= (2π)Radians OR 180
∘
= (π)Radians

π 180
∘
1 = ( )Radians OR ( ) = 1 Radians
180 π

19. Wave Equation

v = fλ

λ
v =
T

20. Circular Motion

S = rθ

Δθ
ω =
Δt

Δω
α =
Δt

S = rθ
 v = rω

a = rα

2π
ω =
T

ω = 2πf

2πr
v =
T

v = 2πrf

Angular Momentum

L = r × P sinθ

2
L = mr ω

2
L = Iω ∵ (I = mr )

1
ω ∝
2
r

21. Centripetal Motion

2
mv
Fc =
r

2
F c = mω r

2
v
ac =
r

2
ac = ω r
 2
4π r
ac =
2
T

2 2
a c = 4π rf

22. Gravitational Motion

Mm
F = G
2
r

Mm
mg = F = G
2
r

M
g = G
2
r

Gravitational Field Strength, can also be used to calculate freefall.

GM
g =
2
(r + h)

Free Fall from a height.

2GM
√
v =
r

Escape Velocity
23. Orbital Motion

GM
v = √
r

2 3
4π r
2
T =
GM

24. Fluid Equations

F d = 6πηrv

Drag Force
2
ρ2gr
vt =
9η

Terminal Velocity of spherical drop

 Equation of Continuity

A 1 v 1 = Constant

1
v ∝
A

Bernouli Eq

1
2
P + ρv + ρgh = Constant
2

v = √ 2g(h 1 − h 2 )

When: P=constant, initial velocity=approaches zero

1
2 2
P1 − P2 = ρ(v − v )
2 1
2

When: Height= constant

1 2(P 1 − P 2 )
2
P1 − P2 = ρv ⇒ [v = √ ]
2 ρ

2(P 1 − P 2 )
v = √
ρ

When: Height= constant, initial velocity=approaches zero

25. Archimdes and Pascal Stuff

F = −ρV g

P = ρgh

P = ρgh + P external

In case of exteranal pressure.

F
P =
A

P1 = P2
 F1 F2
=
A1 A2

V1 = V2

W1 = W2

F1 ⋅ d1 = F2 ⋅ d2

26. Electrostatic Stuff

q1 q2
F ∝
2
r

q1 q2
F = K
2
r

1
k =
4πϵ ∘

1 q1 q2
F = ×
2
4πϵ ∘ r

1 1 q1 q2
F = × ×
2
4πϵ ∘ ϵr r

In case of medium.

1 1 q1 q2
CoulombEnergy = × ×
4πϵ ∘ ϵr r

F
E =
q

1 q1 q
× 2
4πϵ ∘ r
E =
q
 1 q
E = ×
2
4πϵ ∘ r

q
E = k ×
2
r

F = Eq ∘

F
q =
E

Φ = E ⋅ A

1
Φ = × Q
ϵ

W
V =
q

U
V =
q

Energy
ΔV =
q

joule
V olt =
coulomb

ΔU
ΔV =
q

ΔW
ΔV =
q

F ⋅ Δr
ΔV =
q
 (Eq) ⋅ Δr
ΔV =
q

ΔV = −E ⋅ Δr

negative sign shows that potential difference is in opposite direction to electric field.
q
ΔV = k × ⋅ Δr
2
r

q
ΔV = k ×
r

1 q
ΔV = ×
4πϵ r

ΔV
E = −
Δr

27. Capacitance Stuff

Q ∝ V

Q = CV

Q
C =
V

Aϵ ∘
C =
d

Aϵ ∘
C vac =
d

Aϵ ∘
C med = × ϵr
d

C med = C vac × ϵ r
 C med
ϵr =
C vac

Energy = ΔV ⋅ q

1 1
Energy = V ⋅ q ∵ (ΔV = V)
2 2

1
2
Energy = CV
2

1 Aϵ ∘ ϵ r
2
Energy = × × (E ⋅ d)
2 d

1
2
Energy = × (ϵ ∘ ϵ r E )(V olume)
2

1 2
Energy × (ϵ ∘ ϵ r E )(V olume)
2
EnergyDensity = =
V olume V olume

1
2
EnergyDensity = × (ϵ ∘ ϵ r E )
2

28. OHM's Law Stuff

V = IR

q
I =
t

L
R ∝
A

L
R = ρ
A

RA
ρ =
L
 2
H eatingEf f ect = I RT

W Vq
P = ⇒ P = ⇒ P = VI
t t

P = VI

2
P = I R

2
V
P =
R

E
I =
R + r

E = IR + Ir

E = V + Ir