Summary Of Colligative Properties
Equations: Corrected for an Electrolyte (van't Hoff Factor)
Boiling Point Elevation: ΔT = mKb ΔT = imKb
Freezing Point Depression: ΔT = mKf ΔT = imKf
Osmotic Pressure: Π = MRT Π = iMRT
Example Problems
1. Calculate the expected change in boiling and freezing point when 1.00 mole of NaCl and 1.00
mole of C6H12O6 are each dissolved in separate 500. g portions of water. For water, Kb =
0.51°C kg/mol and Kf=1.86°C kg/mol.
NaCl i = 2 Glucose i = 1
m = 1.00 mol ÷ 0.500 kg = 2.00 mol/kg m = 1.00 mol ÷ 0.500 kg = 2.00 mol/kg
∆Tb = (2)(0.51oC kg/mol)(2.00 mol/kg) = 2.0oC ∆Tb = (0.51 oC kg/mol)(2.00 mol/kg) = 1.0oC
∆Tf = (2)(1.86 oC kg/mol)(2.00 mol/kg) = 7.44oC ∆Tf = (1.86 oC kg/mol)(2.00 mol/kg) = 3.72oC
2. A solution of non-electrolyte substance A is made by dissolving 1.00 gram of substance A in
10.0 grams of benzene (benzene is used because it is found that substance A is quite
insoluble in water and benzene is non-polar). The freezing point depression is then found to
be 1.25°C. What is the molar mass of the substance? Kf for benzene is 5.12°C kg/mol.
1. Find molality: ∆T = Kf m; 1.25oC = (5.12oC kg/mol)(m); m=0.244 mol/kg
2. Find moles: (0.244 mol/kg)(0.0100 kg) = 0.00244 moles
3. Find molar mass: (1.00 g ÷ 0.00244 mol) = 409.8 g/mol = 410. g/mol
3. 15.00 grams of KNO3 are dissolved in enough water to make 750.0 mL of solution at a
temperature of 25.0°C. Calculate the osmotic pressure of the solution. How would the
osmotic pressure of a solution of glucose (with the same molarity and at the same
temperature) compare?
(15.00 g)(1 mol)
1. Find molarity: (0.7500 L)(101.11 g) = 0.1978 mol/L
2. Find osmotic pressure: Π = iMRT
Π = (2)(0.1978 mol/L)(0.08206 L-atm/K-mol)(298.2 K) = 9.680 atm
Glucose would have one-half the osmotic pressure because it is a molecular compound, i.e. i = 1.
Advanced Chemistry – Structure & Properties
