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Module 12

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66 views

Module 12

Uploaded by

Fatima Naima Sampiano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 12: Ausubel's Meaningful Verbal Learning/ Subsumption Theory

The main theme of Ausubel's Theory is that knowledge is hierarchically organized; that new
information is meaningful to the extent that it can be related (attached, anchored) to what is
already known. It is about how individuals learn large amounts of meaningful material from
verbal/ textual presentation in a school setting. He proposed the use of advanced organizers as a
tool for learning.

Focus of Ausubel's Theory

1. Cognitive Structure
⮚ Learners Cognitive Structure is the most important factor influencing learning is the
quantity, clarity, and organization of the learner's present knowledge.
● Present Knowledge- include facts, concepts, propositions, theories and raw
perceptual data that the learner has available at any point in time.
2. Advance Organizer
⮚ Strengthening students' cognitive structure by allowing students to have a bird's eye
view to see the big picture of the topic before going to the details.
3. Subsumption
⮚ During meaningful learning, the person subsumes, (organizes or incorporates), new
knowledge into old knowledge.
⮚ Our mind has a way to subsume information in a hierarchical or categorical manner
if the new information is linked/incorporated with prior knowledge/familiar patterns.
⮚ Discuss prior knowledge first rather than new information to help information
subsume.
⮚ Advance organizers provide concepts and principles to the students to help
information subsume.
⮚ The strategy of advanced organizers basically means to classify/ categorize/
arrange (organize) information as you proceed (advance) to the next complex
level.

Purpose:

1. Helps introduce a new lesson, unit, or course.


2. Helps summarize major ideas in new lesson or unit.
3. Based on student's prior knowledge.
4. Show similarities between old material and new material.
5. Provides for structure for new information.
6. Helps teach complex material that is similar to information learned previously.

Ausubel's belief of the use of advance organizers is anchored on the principle of subsumption. He
thought that the primary way of learning was subsumption: a process by which new material is
related to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure. Likewise, Ausubel pointed out, that
what is learned is based on what is already known. This signifies that ones own prior knowledge
and biases limit and affect what is learned. Also, retention of new knowledge is greater because it
is based on prior concrete concepts.

Four processes for Meaningful Learning

1. Derivative subsumption. Describe the situation in which the new information you learn is an
example of a concept that you have already learned.
2. Correlative subsumption. Is when you add new details to what you already know, usually a
higher-order concept.
3. Superordinate subsumption. You are already familiar with the things but didnt know the
concept itself until it was taught.
4. Combinatorial subsumption. When the newly acquired knowledge combine with prior
knowledge to enrich the understanding of both concepts.

Advance organizer
⮚ Major instructional tool proposed by Ausubel.

⮚ Used to present information so that you can better to understand and remember the
information you are learning.
⮚ Used to introduce the topic of the lesson and to illustrate the relationship between what
you are about to learn and the information you have already learned.
⮚ Graphic organizer
Two Benefits:
1. You will find it easier to connect new information with what you already know
about the topic.
2. You can readily see how the concepts in a certain topic are related to each
other.

Types of Advance Organizer

1. Expository. Provide students with the meaning and purpose of what is to follow. It presents
students with more detailed information of what they will be learning especially the
information that may be difficult to understand.
2. Narrative. Takes from a story. Stories can make something distant or unfamiliar seem
personal and familiar. Stories can stimulate students thinking and help them make personal
connections to new information.
3. Skimming. Previewing the important that will encounter later by focusing on and noting
what stands out in headings, subheadings, and highlighted information.
4. Graphic Organizer. Provide students with guidance on what the important information is in
a lesson or unit. They visually represent information of students are about to learn. They give
them direction and also provided a visual representing of the important information.

Application of Principles

1. The most general ideas of the subject should be presented first and then progressively
differentiated in terms of detail and specificity.
● Progressive Differentiation- to increase the stability and clarity of anchoring
ideas.
2. Instructional materials should attempt to integrate new material with previously presented
information through comparisons and cross-referencing of new and old ideas.

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