Scribd
Upload
33 views4 pages

Technical Test Preparation

imp

Uploaded by

AZELOUALIDINE KAWTAR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
33 views4 pages

Technical Test Preparation

imp

Uploaded by

AZELOUALIDINE KAWTAR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Technical Test Preparation: Infrastructure, Network, and Cloud Storage

Networking Concepts

Q: What is the OSI model? Explain its 7 layers.

A: The OSI model is a conceptual framework used to understand network interactions. Its 7 layers

are: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.

Q: What is the difference between TCP and UDP?

A: TCP is connection-oriented, reliable, and ensures error checking. UDP is connectionless, faster,

but less reliable.

Q: Explain the purpose of a subnet mask.

A: A subnet mask divides an IP address into network and host parts, enabling efficient IP address

management.

Q: What is NAT, and why is it used?

A: Network Address Translation (NAT) maps private IP addresses to a public one, enabling devices

on a local network to access the internet.

Q: How does a VPN work?

A: A VPN creates a secure, encrypted tunnel between the user and the network, ensuring privacy

and security.

Infrastructure Concepts

Q: What is RAID? List its different levels.

A: RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) is used for data redundancy and performance.

Common levels: RAID 0 (striping), RAID 1 (mirroring), RAID 5 (striping with parity), RAID 10

(combines 1 and 0).


Q: Explain the purpose of LVM in Linux.

A: Logical Volume Manager (LVM) allows for flexible disk management by creating logical volumes

that can be resized or moved dynamically.

Q: What is a hypervisor? Differentiate between Type 1 and Type 2.

A: A hypervisor is software for creating and managing virtual machines. Type 1 runs directly on

hardware; Type 2 runs on an operating system.

Q: What is the difference between NAS and SAN?

A: NAS (Network Attached Storage) is file-based storage accessible over a network. SAN (Storage

Area Network) is block-based storage for high-speed data access.

Q: Explain the role of DNS in a network.

A: DNS (Domain Name System) translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses.

Cloud Storage

Q: What is object storage, and how does it differ from block storage?

A: Object storage stores data as objects with metadata and unique IDs, suitable for unstructured

data. Block storage divides data into fixed-size blocks for structured data.

Q: How does AWS S3 ensure data durability?

A: AWS S3 ensures data durability through redundancy, storing copies across multiple facilities, and

automated checksums.

Q: What is a cloud storage gateway?

A: A cloud storage gateway acts as a bridge between on-premises infrastructure and cloud storage.

Q: Explain the concept of data lifecycle management in cloud storage.

A: Data lifecycle management automates moving data between storage classes based on policies to

optimize costs.
Q: What is the difference between hot, warm, and cold storage?

A: Hot storage is for frequently accessed data, warm for less frequent, and cold for archival.

Python

Q: How do you handle exceptions in Python? Provide an example.

A: Use try-except blocks. Example:

try:

x=1/0

except ZeroDivisionError:

print('Cannot divide by zero.')

Q: What is the difference between a list and a tuple in Python?

A: Lists are mutable and use [], while tuples are immutable and use ().

Q: Explain Python's GIL and its impact on multithreading.

A: The Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) allows only one thread to execute at a time, limiting

multithreading in CPU-bound tasks.

Q: How can you optimize SQL queries in Python using pandas?

A: Use vectorized operations in pandas, avoid loops, and use indexing.

Q: What is a lambda function in Python?

A: A lambda function is an anonymous function defined with the lambda keyword, e.g., lambda x:

x+1.

SQL

Q: What is the difference between DELETE and TRUNCATE?

A: DELETE removes rows selectively and logs each row. TRUNCATE removes all rows without

logging.
Q: Explain the concept of normalization in databases.

A: Normalization organizes data to reduce redundancy and dependency. Forms: 1NF, 2NF, 3NF.

Q: How do you use a JOIN in SQL?

A: JOIN combines rows from two tables based on a related column. Types: INNER JOIN, LEFT

JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, FULL OUTER JOIN.

Q: What is the difference between WHERE and HAVING clauses?

A: WHERE filters rows before grouping; HAVING filters groups after grouping.

Q: What are indexes, and why are they used in databases?

A: Indexes improve query performance by allowing faster data retrieval but may slow down

insert/update operations.

You might also like