Reva knaire

1 A
.
=
20 503 [0 40333 , ,
,

A has 3 elements ,
so IAI =
.
3 The empty set is a subset of every set , so A .
Since the only element in 203 is 0 ,
and we know EA ,
203EA Since the set 20 2033 .
,

has the a n d 203

elements ,
and EA and 203EA ,
we know 50 2033
, EA
.

. a)
2 If x is in AlB ,
then it is in both A and B Then fa(x)
.
=
1 and fr(x) :
1 ,
so fanB(x) = 1 1 = 1 ,
which . If
is true x is not in AlB ,
then it is either not in

A ,
not in B ,
or not in both .
Then at least one of facx) and folxs is 0. Then fa(x) fB(x) · =
0 When x is not in AlB ,
so fang(x) =
0
.

b) If x is in AUB ,
then it is either in A , B ,
or both If . x is in both A and B ,
then fa(x) fB(x)-facx) fr(x) : · = 1 + 1-1 .
1 = 1 ,
so fAUB(x) =
1 .
If x is
only in one of A and B , then

fa(x) + fB(x) -

fa(x)-fB(x) = 1 + 0-1 0 . = 1
,
SO fAUB(X) :
1 . If x is not in A or B , then X is not in AUB so fauB(x) should be .
0 We see that fa(x) + fB(x) -

falxs fr(x)
· = 0 + 0 -0 0 0. =
.

. as Let
3 We know If
a be the fractional part of 2 and b be the
integer part of X X a+ b If so then [x7 b+ 1 and (xJ .
6 Therefore [x) (x) 1 a olx is an
integers,
-
: = = = =
. .
, ,
.

then [x7 =
b and Lx) =
b. .
Therefore [x7- (x) =
0 . So ,
if f(x) = (x]-LX) , and a is the fractional part of X where x is a real number then ,

f(x)
E
=! a

b) Let (x) : a .
Then a -- x < a+ 1 .

Taking the square root

gives us - < + ·
Taking the floor gives us (a) ? LEJ
. Thus Lo :
Lind = LE)
. Now ,
let 15 J =
. We have
b

b < Ex <
b+1 .
Squaring gives us b* x < (b + 1) 2 Since a X < A+ 1 and b21x < (D + 1 ,
b21n < (b + 12 ,
so b< (X) <
(b + 12. Taking the square roof gives us b = E
*J
·
Taking the

floor (b) (ix)) Lies/ -LE) Since LisJ LE) and Lots LE) have LOS Les· Therefore the statement is true
gives us = or b = lies) ·
Since b =
(i) ,
.
= =
,
we =
. ,

2) Let (x) :
a and X = a+ b .
If x is an integer ,
then X =
a .
If a is even ,
let a =
2p .
Then /E =
p. .
Also (*) :
(* ) =
(P EJ + :
P .
So [E7 =
( E J If .
a is odd ,
let a = 2p + 1.

Then (E7 [17 [p =T : = + = P+1 . Also ,

(*) (1) (2) : : :
(P + 1) :
PH .
So ,
(87 ( E ) :
·
If x is not an integer ,
then (*) :
/@ /E E7 : +
. Also ,
(*) (*) : :
( + J.

We know o =b <
1 since b is the fractional part of X .
Then
,
=E . So (E 7 + :
(E7 and (E + 3) :
(E) :
(E). Therefore the statement is true for ,
all real X
.

6) let x =
y
= 1 5
. . The left-hand side becomes (1 . 5 + 1 .
5) =
(3) = 3
. The right-hand side becomes1 1 5) . + 11 5)
.
=
1 + 1 = 2 .
Since 3 *2 ,
the statement is false
.

e) Let X = a+ b where b is the fractional part of x

. There are three cases :

Case 1 : 0 1 b <

3x = 3a + 3b ,
and 3D-1 ,
so (3x1 = 39 .

(x) =
&

X + - = a +b + and since b <t a+ b +

z < A +
E so (x +
=) =
.
a
, , ,

X + E = a + b+ E ,
and since Dat ,
a+ b + < a+ 1
,
so (x + 3) =
a .

We get za =
atata ,
so Case I is true for all real e.
 Case 2 : = b <
23 8

3x :
3a + 3b , and 11 35 < 2
,
so (3x) = 39 + 1.

(x) =
A

X+ E = a+ b + = and t =
< so a+
E = Arb + a +, so (x + B) = 0
, , .

* +
E = a+ b +
E ,
and E =
b(E ,
so + = a+ b + a+
E so (X =)
,
+
= a+ 1 .

We Ba + 1 1 case 2 is true for all real

get
= a+ a + a + so x
.
,

Case 3 : =D <

(3x) =
3a + 3b ,
and 2 <36 <
3 ,
so (3x) =
39 + 2
.

(x) =
a

y + z = a+ b +
,
and = =b(
,
soa + 1 = n+ b + z A+ 1 so(X z)
,
+ = a+ 1 .

x+ E = a+ b + E and =621 so
A+ E a+ b +
= < a+
z so (x =) + = a+ 1 .

, , ,

We have 3a + 2 = a+ a+ 1 + a + 1 ,
so Case 3 is true for all real x
.

Therefore , the statement is true for all real x.

5
. Let A have a elements and B have b . Then
elements IP(A)1 =
29 and IP(B11 : 20 so IP(A) ·
P(B)1 =
29 26
. = 29 + D .
Also PLAXB) =
29b ·
Unless 29th cab =
,
atb = ab ,
the sets cannot be equal because tw

sets with different cardinalities cannot be equal .

If a =
1 and b = 2 ,
2a+p =
then / = 23 :
8 is not
equal to cap 2" 2
: = =
4 .
Let A =
503 and B =
y 23
, . Then AxB = <( ,
4) ,
1x , 213 ,
so PLAXB) =

20 5(x y13 [14 23 3 51x

, ,
,
,
,
, y1 ,
1x ,
2133 . Also ,
P(A) =
50 Ex33 , and P(B) 20 :
, Gy3 223 Ey 233 Thus
, , ,
.

,
PLA) XPLBT = 210 01 , ,
(0 , dy3) ,
10 , 223) 10 , , Ey 23) 19x3
, , ,
02
,
15x3 243) (x3 523),
, , ,

(2x3 , <y 23) 3, .

We can see that IP(AXB)1 :
4 While (PCA) XP(B)1 8 so the = statement is false.

6. If a set has cardinality of M , then we can map to the set 21 ,

2 ,
3
, ...,
my as follows : element I maps to 1
,
element 2 maps to 2
,
and so on until the last element , where element m

maps to m .