Computer Hardware Basics
Computer Hardware Basics
Hardware – any physical device or equipment used in or with a computer system (anything you
can see and touch).
External hardware
External hardware devices (peripherals) – any hardware device that is located outside the
computer.
Input device – a piece of hardware device which is used to enter information to a computer for
processing.
Examples: keyboard, mouse, trackpad (or touchpad), touchscreen, joystick, microphone, light
Output device – a piece of hardware device that receives information from a computer.
Examples: monitor, printer, scanner, speaker, display screen (tablet, smartphone …), projector,
head phone, etc.
Internal hardware
Internal hardware devices (or internal hardware components) – any piece of hardware device that
is located inside the computer.
Examples: CPU, hard disk drive, ROM, RAM, etc.
Computer software
Software – a set of instructions or programs that tells a computer what to do or how to perform a
specific task (computer software runs on hardware).
Main types of software – systems software and application software.
Application software
Application software – a computer program that provides users with tools to accomplish a
specific task.
Examples of application software: word processing, spreadsheets, presentation, database
management, Internet browsers, email programs, media players, accounting, pronunciation,
translation, desktop publishing, enterprise, etc.
System Software
System software – it is designed to run a computer’s hardware and application software, and
make the computer system available for use. It serves as the interface between hardware,
application software, and the user.