Data Visualization:

1. Which library in Python is commonly used for creating interactive and web-based
visualizations?
- a) Matplotlib
- b) Seaborn
- c) Plotly
- d) ggplot
**Answer: c) Plotly**

2. What type of plot is suitable for visualizing the relationship between two
continuous variables, along with their individual distributions?
- a) Line plot
- b) Histogram
- c) Scatter plot with marginal histograms
- d) Box plot
**Answer: c) Scatter plot with marginal histograms**

3. Which of the following libraries is specialized for creating statistical

graphics with concise syntax?
- a) Matplotlib
- b) Seaborn
- c) Plotly
- d) Bokeh
**Answer: b) Seaborn**

4. What type of plot is used to display the distribution of a categorical variable?

- a) Line plot
- b) Bar plot
- c) Scatter plot
- d) Box plot
**Answer: b) Bar plot**

5. Which visualization technique is useful for identifying outliers in a dataset?

- a) Histogram
- b) Scatter plot
- c) Box plot
- d) Line plot
**Answer: c) Box plot**

Linear Regression:

6. What is the objective of linear regression?

- a) Classification
- b) Regression
- c) Clustering
- d) Dimensionality reduction
**Answer: b) Regression**

7. In linear regression, what is the term used to represent the predicted value?
- a) Target
- b) Feature
- c) Intercept
- d) Coefficient
**Answer: a) Target**

8. Which of the following algorithms is used to find the best-fitting line for a
given dataset in linear regression?
 - a) Gradient Descent
- b) K-Means
- c) Decision Tree
- d) Random Forest
**Answer: a) Gradient Descent**

9. What is the name of the metric commonly used to evaluate the performance of a
linear regression model?
- a) Accuracy
- b) Precision
- c) Mean Squared Error (MSE)
- d) F1 Score
**Answer: c) Mean Squared Error (MSE)**

10. In linear regression, what does the coefficient represent?

- a) The slope of the line
- b) The intercept of the line
- c) The variance of the target variable
- d) The standard deviation of the residuals
**Answer: a) The slope of the line**

Logistic Regression:

11. What type of problem is logistic regression used for?

- a) Regression
- b) Classification
- c) Clustering
- d) Dimensionality reduction
**Answer: b) Classification**

12. In logistic regression, what function is used to map the input features to the
target variable?
- a) Sigmoid function
- b) ReLU function
- c) Softmax function
- d) Linear function
**Answer: a) Sigmoid function**

13. What is the output of logistic regression?

- a) Continuous values
- b) Discrete values
- c) Probability scores
- d) Cluster labels
**Answer: c) Probability scores**

14. Which metric is commonly used to evaluate the performance of a logistic

regression model?
- a) Mean Absolute Error (MAE)
- b) Mean Squared Error (MSE)
- c) Accuracy
- d) R-squared
**Answer: c) Accuracy**

15. In logistic regression, what is the decision boundary?

- a) A line that separates the data points into classes
- b) The average of the input features
- c) The value at which the loss function is minimized
- d) The slope of the logistic function
**Answer: a) A line that separates the data points into classes**
Support Vector Machines (SVM):

16. What is the main objective of Support Vector Machines (SVM)?

- a) Regression
- b) Clustering
- c) Classification
- d) Dimensionality reduction
**Answer: c) Classification**

17. What is the name of the hyperplane that maximizes the margin between classes in
SVM?
- a) Decision boundary
- b) Decision surface
- c) Support vector
- d) Margin vector
**Answer: a) Decision boundary**

18. Which kernel function is commonly used in SVM for non-linear classification?
- a) Linear kernel
- b) Polynomial kernel
- c) Gaussian (RBF) kernel
- d) Sigmoid kernel
**Answer: c) Gaussian (RBF) kernel**

19. What is the term used to represent data points that lie on the margin boundary
in SVM?
- a) Decision boundary
- b) Support vectors
- c) Margin vectors
- d) Hyperplane vectors
**Answer: b) Support vectors**

20. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using SVM?

- a) Effective in high-dimensional spaces
- b) Memory efficient for large datasets
- c) Versatile with different kernel functions
- d) Robust to overfitting
**Answer: b) Memory efficient for large datasets**

Decision Trees:

21. What type of algorithm is a Decision Tree?

- a) Supervised learning
- b) Unsupervised learning
- c) Reinforcement learning
- d) Semi-supervised learning
**Answer: a) Supervised learning**

22. What is the objective of Decision Trees?

- a) Regression
- b) Clustering
- c) Dimensionality reduction
- d) Classification
**Answer: d) Classification**

23. What is the name of the feature used to split the data at each node in a
Decision Tree?
 - a) Branch
- b) Leaf
- c) Node
- d) Root
**Answer: c) Node**

24. Which algorithm is used to determine the best split at each node in a Decision
Tree?
- a) ID3
- b) K-Means
- c) Gradient Descent
- d) Random Forest
**Answer: a) ID3**

25. What is the term used to describe Decision Trees that continue to split until
all leaves are pure?
- a) Overfitting
- b) Underfitting
- c) Pruning
- d) Maximum depth
**Answer: a) Overfitting**

Artificial Neural Networks:

26. What is an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)?

- a) A type of decision tree
- b) A machine learning model inspired by the human brain
- c) A clustering algorithm
- d) A dimensionality reduction technique
**Answer: b) A machine learning model inspired by the human brain**

27. What is the basic building block of an Artificial Neural Network?

- a) Neuron
- b) Node
- c) Feature
- d) Weight
**Answer: a) Neuron**

28. In an ANN, what function is commonly used as the activation function in hidden
layers?
- a) Sigmoid
- b) Linear
- c) ReLU (Rectified Linear Unit)
- d) Softmax
**Answer: c) ReLU (Rectified Linear Unit)**

29. What is the purpose of backpropagation in training an Artificial Neural

Network?
- a) Adjusting the learning rate
- b) Updating the weights to minimize the loss function
- c) Initializing the network weights
- d) Adding more layers to the network
**Answer: b) Updating the weights to minimize the loss function**

30. Which of the following is NOT a common type of Artificial Neural Network
architecture?
- a) Feedforward Neural Network
- b) Convolutional Neural Network
 - c) Recurrent Neural Network
- d) Decision Neural Network
**Answer: d) Decision Neural Network**

Data Visualization:

1. Which of the following libraries provides an interface to create interactive and

web-based visualizations in Python?
a) Matplotlib
b) Seaborn
c) Plotly
d) ggplot

**Answer: c) Plotly**

2. What type of plot is used to visualize the relationship between two continuous
variables along with their individual distributions?
a) Line plot
b) Scatter plot
c) Histogram
d) Box plot

**Answer: b) Scatter plot**

3. Which library provides a high-level interface for creating statistical graphics

with attractive defaults?
a) Matplotlib
b) Seaborn
c) Plotly
d) Bokeh

**Answer: b) Seaborn**

4. What type of plot is used to visualize the distribution of a categorical

variable?
a) Scatter plot
b) Line plot
c) Bar plot
d) Histogram

**Answer: c) Bar plot**

5. Which of the following libraries is commonly used for creating static,

publication-quality plots in Python?
a) Plotly
b) Seaborn
c) Matplotlib
d) Bokeh

**Answer: c) Matplotlib**

Linear Regression:

6. What is the main objective of linear regression?

a) Classification
b) Clustering
c) Regression
d) Dimensionality reduction
**Answer: c) Regression**

7. Which algorithm is used to find the optimal parameters (coefficients) in linear

regression?
a) Gradient Descent
b) K-Means
c) Random Forest
d) Decision Trees

**Answer: a) Gradient Descent**

8. What is the term used to represent the predicted values in linear regression?
a) Features
b) Coefficients
c) Targets
d) Errors

**Answer: c) Targets**

9. Which metric is commonly used to evaluate the performance of a linear regression

model?
a) Accuracy
b) Precision
c) Mean Squared Error (MSE)
d) F1 Score

**Answer: c) Mean Squared Error (MSE)**

10. What is the name of the line that best fits the data points in linear
regression?
a) Decision boundary
b) Regression line
c) Support vector
d) Decision surface

**Answer: b) Regression line**

Logistic Regression:

11. What type of problem is logistic regression used for?

a) Regression
b) Classification
c) Clustering
d) Dimensionality reduction

**Answer: b) Classification**

12. In logistic regression, what function is used to map the input features to the
target variable?
a) Sigmoid function
b) ReLU function
c) Softmax function
d) Linear function

**Answer: a) Sigmoid function**

13. What is the output of logistic regression?

a) Continuous values
b) Discrete values
 c) Probability scores
d) Cluster labels

**Answer: c) Probability scores**

14. Which metric is commonly used to evaluate the performance of a logistic

regression model?
a) Mean Absolute Error (MAE)
b) Mean Squared Error (MSE)
c) Accuracy
d) R-squared

**Answer: c) Accuracy**

15. What is the decision boundary in logistic regression?

a) A line that separates the data points into classes
b) The average of the input features
c) The value at which the loss function is minimized
d) The slope of the logistic function

**Answer: a) A line that separates the data points into classes**

Support Vector Machines (SVM):

16. What is the main objective of Support Vector Machines (SVM)?

a) Regression
b) Clustering
c) Classification
d) Dimensionality reduction

**Answer: c) Classification**

17. What is the name of the hyperplane that maximizes the margin between classes in
SVM?
a) Decision boundary
b) Decision surface
c) Support vector
d) Margin vector

**Answer: a) Decision boundary**

18. Which kernel function is commonly used in SVM for non-linear classification?
a) Linear kernel
b) Polynomial kernel
c) Gaussian (RBF) kernel
d) Sigmoid kernel

**Answer: c) Gaussian (RBF) kernel**

19. What is the term used to represent data points that lie on the margin boundary
in SVM?
a) Decision boundary
b) Support vectors
c) Margin vectors
d) Hyperplane vectors

**Answer: b) Support vectors**

20. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using SVM?

 a) Effective in high-dimensional

spaces
b) Memory efficient for large datasets
c) Versatile with different kernel functions
d) Robust to overfitting

**Answer: b) Memory efficient for large datasets**

Decision Trees:

21. What type of algorithm is a Decision Tree?

a) Supervised learning
b) Unsupervised learning
c) Reinforcement learning
d) Semi-supervised learning

**Answer: a) Supervised learning**

22. What is the objective of Decision Trees?

a) Regression
b) Clustering
c) Dimensionality reduction
d) Classification

**Answer: d) Classification**

23. What is the name of the feature used to split the data at each node in a
Decision Tree?
a) Branch
b) Leaf
c) Node
d) Root

**Answer: c) Node**

24. Which algorithm is used to determine the best split at each node in a Decision
Tree?
a) ID3
b) K-Means
c) Gradient Descent
d) Random Forest

**Answer: a) ID3**

25. What is the term used to describe Decision Trees that continue to split until
all leaves are pure?
a) Overfitting
b) Underfitting
c) Pruning
d) Maximum depth

**Answer: a) Overfitting**

Artificial Neural Networks:

26. What is an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)?

a) A type of decision tree
b) A machine learning model inspired by the human brain
 c) A clustering algorithm
d) A dimensionality reduction technique

**Answer: b) A machine learning model inspired by the human brain**

27. What is the basic building block of an Artificial Neural Network?

a) Neuron
b) Node
c) Feature
d) Weight

**Answer: a) Neuron**

28. In an ANN, what function is commonly used as the activation function in hidden
layers?
a) Sigmoid
b) Linear
c) ReLU (Rectified Linear Unit)
d) Softmax

**Answer: c) ReLU (Rectified Linear Unit)**

29. What is the purpose of backpropagation in training an Artificial Neural

Network?
a) Adjusting the learning rate
b) Updating the weights to minimize the loss function
c) Initializing the network weights
d) Adding more layers to the network

**Answer: b) Updating the weights to minimize the loss function**

30. Which of the following is NOT a common type of Artificial Neural Network
architecture?
a) Feedforward Neural Network
b) Convolutional Neural Network
c) Recurrent Neural Network
d) Decision Neural Network

**Answer: d) Decision Neural Network**