Classification of Computer Networks

Dear readers. Here is the important Study notes for IBPS Bank Exam IT officer Specialist officer Exam
material free. you can read and practice with these important IBPS study notes for better score. Now
this time our topic is- Classification of Computer Networks.

Computer networks can be logically classified into the following:

1. Peer to Peer Networks
2. Client- Server Networks
3. Centralized Networks
4. Distributed Networks

Peer to Peer Networks

Peer to peer network is created when 2 or more PCs are connected and share resources without
going through a separate server computer. In this each party has same capabilities and any of them
can start a communication session unlike client/server model where client makes a request and server
responds. Most P2P applications are used for media sharing. E.g. - BitTorrent.

Client Server Network

Designed for end users, clients make requests to server for browsing, emailing and accessing
resources such as files, songs and other data. Often clients and servers have separate hardware but
they can reside in one system also. Advantage of this mechanism is the central management of the
server which hosts resources to serve various clients.

Centralized Network
A network where all users connect to the central server. This server would usually store both
communications and user account information. This central server would usually be set up in Head
Office or Data Centres in a dedicated server room with multiple terminals attached to central server. It
provides better security over decentralized network due to all processing being managed at a single
location. Major disadvantage would be saving that central server from catastrophes which might crash
the entire system.

Difference between a client server and centralized network would be that in centralized network,
database having all the data is located at one place, not distributed among various databases across
different locations. A mainframe network architecture can be considered to be centralized network

Distributed Network
The network resources are placed and managed from different geographical locations or spread over
more than one computer. Client Server architecture is an example of distributed network only. These
days most of the enterprise network are distributed networks.
Type of servers used in a network
File Server
File servers are used to store the documents and files centrally. An ideal file server should have large
amount of memory and storage space, fast hard disks, multiple processors, redundant power
supplies. A file server runs File Transfer Protocol (FTP) on port 20 usually for FTP data transfer.

Print Server
It redirects print jobs from client computers to specific printers.

Mail Server
Main Servers are used to transmit emails using email protocols like SMTP on port 25 (simple mail
transfer protocol) which is an outgoing mail server. Incoming mail server is POP3 on port 110 (post
office protocol, version 3)

Application Server
It provides the business logic for an application program.It is usually viewed as a part of 3 tier
application consisting of GUI at first layer, application server at second later and database server at
third layer. Application servers work with HTTP (Hyper text transfer protocol, port 80)

Database Server
It allows authorized clients to create, view, modify, update or delete an organization's data, stored in
common database. E.g. - IBM DB2, MySQL, Sybase, Oracle.

Directory Server
They allow the central administration and management of network users and network resources.
Directory servers provide the basic functions of network security, authentication, authorization and
accounting. E.g. - MS active directory, Open LD

Computer Knowledge Full Forms for Bank exams and clerical and other
exams SSC
COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE FULL FORMS FOR BA

1. GUI stands for Graphical User Interface

2. PNG is Portable Network Graphics

3. E-mail stands for electronic mail

4. DEPB stands for Duty Entitlement Pass Book. It is an export incentive scheme.

5. PAT stands for Perform, Achieve & Trade

6. BOT stands for Built, Operate & Transfer

7. FOB stands for Free On Board

 8. MRI stands for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

9. CEDAW stands for Committee on the Elimination ofDiscrimination Against Women.

10. FCCB stands for Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds.

11. NRLM stands for National Rural Livelihood Mission

12. RAS stands for Rajiv Awas Yojana.

13. JNNSM stands for Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission.

14. JSSK stands for Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram.

15. KYC stands for Know Your Customer.

16. KYD stands for Know Your Distributor.

17. SNAP stands for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

18. USI stands for United Service Institution of India.

19. CITES stands for Convention on International Trade ofEndangered Species

20. SCOPE stands for Standing Committee On Public Enterprise.

Computer Important abbreviations : Computer Study notes material for

Competitive Exams
* HTTP - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.
* HTTPS - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure.
* IP - Internet Protocol.
* URL - Uniform Resource Locator.
* USB - Universal Serial Bus.

* VIRUS - Vital Information Resource UnderSeized.

* 3G -3rd Generation.

* GSM - Global System for Mobile Communication.

* CDMA - Code Divison Multiple Access.

* UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecommunication System.

* SIM - Subscriber Identity Module .

* AVI = Audio Video Interleave

* RTS = Real Time Streaming

* SIS = Symbian OS Installer File

* AMR = Adaptive Multi-Rate Codec

* JAD = Java Application Descriptor

* JAR = Java Archive

* JAD = Java Application Descriptor

* 3GPP = 3rd Generation Partnership Project

* 3GP = 3rd Generation Project

* MP3 = MPEG player lll

* MP4 = MPEG-4 video file

*AAC = Advanced Audio Coding

* GIF= Graphic Interchangeable Format

* JPEG = Joint Photographic Expert Group

* BMP = Bitmap

* SWF = Shock Wave Flash

* WMV = Windows Media Video

* WMA = Windows Media Audio

* WAV = Waveform Audio

* PNG = Portable Network Graphics

* DOC = Document (Microsoft Corporation)

* PDF = Portable Document Format

* M3G = Mobile 3D Graphics

* M4A = MPEG-4 Audio File

* NTH = Nokia Theme (series 40)

* THM = Themes (Sony Ericsson)

* MMF = Synthetic Music Mobile Application File

* NRT = Nokia Ringtone

* XMF = Extensible Music File

* WBMP = Wireless Bitmap Image

* DVX = DivX Video

* HTML = Hyper Text Markup Language

* WML = Wireless Markup Language

* CD -Compact Disk.

* DVD - Digital Versatile Disk.

*CRT - Cathode Ray Tube.

* DAT - Digital Audio Tape.

* DOS - Disk Operating System.

* GUI -Graphical User Interface.

* HTTP - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.

* IP - Internet Protocol.

* ISP - Internet Service Provider.

* TCP - Transmission Control Protocol.

* UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply.

* HSDPA - High Speed Downlink Packet Access.

* EDGE - Enhanced Data Rate for GSM [GlobalSystem for Mobile

Communication] Evolution.

* VHF - Very High Frequency.

* UHF - Ultra High Frequency.

* GPRS - General Packet Radio Service.

* WAP - Wireless Application Protocol.

* TCP - Transmission Control Protocol .

 * ARPANET - Advanced Research Project Agency Network.

* IBM - International Business Machines.

* HP - Hewlett Packard.

*AM/FM - Amplitude/ Frequency Modulation.

* WLAN - Wireless Local Area Networ

IP Address Study of the basics.

Dear Readers,
Here are some important points and facts about the IP (Internet Protocol).

Introduction:
The IP (Internet Protocol) is basically an address that identifies the connection of a host to its network.
The IPv4 address consists of 4 bytes (i.e. 32 bits). It has 3 field part : Type , Netid, Hostid.
Depending on the length of the fields the IPs are classified into 5 Classes. Which are, Class
A, ClassB, Class C, Class D, Class E.
The Dotted-Decimal Notation:
The IPv4 addresses are usually written in a decimal form with decimal points separating the 4 bytes (as
mentioned earlier). Eg: 114.192.165.221 .

IPv4 & IPv6 :

The most commonly used version of the protocol is IPv4. With the increasing growth of Internet, the IPv4
faces some deficiencies. IPv6 was proposed and is now the new standard.
The IPv6 gives the following advantages over IPv4.
1. Larger address space.
2. Better Format.
3. Allowance of extension.
4. Support for resource allocation.
5. More secure transmission.

The Hexadecimal Colon Notation. :

As IPv4 uses the Dotted Decimal Notation, the IPv6 uses the Hexadecimal Colon Notation. The Colon
separates the 128 bit address into 8 segment.
Eg. FE80 : F5AD : 3198 : ACCF: ADFB : 3210 : FFFF : FDCA .

Computer Basics
What is a computer?
A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has the ability to store,retrieve, and process data. You
probably already know that you can use a computer to type documents, send email, play games, and browse the Web. You can
also use it to edit or create spreadsheets, presentations, and even videos.

Hardware vs. software

Before we talk about different types of computers, let's talk about two things all computers have in
common: hardware and software.
Hardware is any part of your computer that has a physical structure, such as the keyboard or mouse. It also includes all of the
computer's internal parts, which you can see in the image below.
Software is any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do. It is what guides the hardware and tells it how to accomplish
each task. Some examples of software include web browsers, games, and word processors. Below, you can see an image of
Microsoft PowerPoint, which is used to create presentations.

Everything you do on your computer will rely on both hardware and software. For example, right now you may be viewing this lesson
in a web browser (software) and using your mouse (hardware) to click from page to page. As you learn about different types of
computers, ask yourself about the differences in their hardware. As you progress through this tutorial, you'll see that different
types of computers also often use different types of software.

What are the different types of computers?

When most people hear the word computer, they think of a personal computer such as a desktopor laptop. However, computers
come in many shapes and sizes, and they perform many different functions in our daily lives. When you withdraw cash from an
ATM, scan groceries at the store, or use a calculator, you're using a type of computer.

Desktop computers

Many people use desktop computers at work, home, school, or the library. They can be small, medium, or large in style, and they
usually sit on a desk. Once you add a monitor, mouse, and keyboard, you have what is typically known as a desktop computer.

Most desktop computers are easy to upgrade and expand or add new parts. Another benefit of desktop computers is their cost.
If you compare a desktop and laptop with the same features, you will most likely find that the desktop is less expensive.
Laptop computers

The second type of computer you may be familiar with is a laptop computer, or a laptop. Laptops are battery- or AC-powered
personal computers that are more portable than desktop computers, allowing you to use them almost anywhere.
Because a laptop is smaller than a desktop, it's more difficult to access its internal components. This means you may not be able to
upgrade them as easily as a desktop.

Tablet computers

Tablet computers—or tablets—are handheld computers that are even more portable than laptops. Instead of a keyboard or
touchpad, tablets use a touch-sensitive screen for typing and navigation. The iPad is an example of a tablet.
Tablets can't necessarily do anything a laptop or a desktop can do, so you may still want a desktop or laptop to run programs or
create documents. But if you just want to be able to play games, checkemail and social media, or stream music and videos, a
tablet may be a good computer replacement.
Servers

A server is a computer that serves up information to other computers on a network. Many businesses have file servers employees
can use to store and share files. A server can look like a regular desktop computer, or it can be much larger.
Servers also play an important role in making the Internet work: They are where webpages are stored. When you use your browser
to click a link, a web server delivers the page you requested.

Other types of computers

Today, there are many everyday devices that are basically specialized computers, even though we don't always think of them as
computers. Here are a few common examples:
 Mobile phones: Many mobile phones can do a lot of things computers can do, such as browsing the Internet and playing
games. These phones are often called smartphones.
 Game consoles: A game console is a specialized kind of computer that is used for playing video games. Although they are
not as fully featured as desktop computers, many newer consoles allow you to perform nongaming tasks like browsing the Web.
 TVs: Many TVs now include applications—or apps—that let you access various types of online content. For example, you can
view your Facebook News Feed or watch streaming movies on Netflix.
PCs and Macs
Personal computers come in two main styles: PC and Mac. Both are fully functional, but they have a different look and feel, and many
people prefer one or the other.

 PC: This type of computer began with the original IBM PC that was introduced in 1981. Other companies began creating
similar computers, which were called IBM PC Compatible (often shortened to PC). Today, this is the most common type of personal
computer, and it typically includes the Microsoft Windows operating system.
 Mac: The Macintosh computer was introduced in 1984, and it was the first widely sold personal computer with a graphical
user interface, or GUI (pronounced gooey). All Macs are made by one company, Apple Inc., and they almost always use the Mac OS
X operating system.

Computer Notes 2015 – Important Computer Extensions

Text Files
1. .log: Log File
2. .wpd: WordPerfect Document
3. .odt: OpenDocument Text Document
4. .pages: Pages Document
5. .doc: Microsoft Word Document
6. .docx: Microsoft Word Open XML Document
7. .tex: LaTeX Source Document
8. .wps: Microsoft Works Word Processor Document
9. .msg: Outlook Mail Message
10. .rtfRich: Text Format File
11. .txtPlain: Text File
Data Files
1. .vcf: vCard File
2. .dat: Data File
3. .pptx: PowerPoint Open XML Presentation
4. .sdf: Standard Data File
5. .tar: Consolidated Unix File Archive
6. .csv: Comma Seperated Values File
7. .xml: XML File
8. .pps: PowerPoint Slide Show
9. .ppt: PowerPoint Presentation
Audio Files
1. .aif: Audio Interchange File Format
2. .mpa: MPEG-2 Audio File
3. .ra: Real Audio File
4. .iff: Interchange File Format
5. .wav: WAVE Audio File
 6. .wma: Windows Media Audio File
7. .mp3: MP3 Audio File
Video Files
1. .avi: Audio Video Interleave File
2. .3gp3: GPP Multimedia File
3. .flv: Flash Video File
4. .mpg: MPEG Video File
5. .vob: DVD Video Object File
6. .mp4: MPEG-4 Video File
7. .3g: 23GPP2 Multimedia File
8. .m4: v Tunes Video File
9. .wmv: Windows Media Video File

10. Know Important Computer - Measurement

11. 1 Bit = Binary Digit
8 Bits = 1 Byte
1024 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte
1024 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte
1024 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte
1024 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte
12. 1024 Terabytes = 1 Petabyte
13. 1024 Petabytes = 1 Exabyte
14.
15. 1024 Exabytes = 1 Zettabyte
16. 1024 Zettabytes = 1 Yottabyte
17. 1024Yottabytes = 1 Brontobyte
18. 1024 Brontobytes = 1 Geopbyte
19. 1024 Geopbyte=1 Saganbyte
20. 1024 Saganbyte=1 Pijabyte
21. Alphabyte = 1024 Pijabyte
22. Kryatbyte = 1024 Alphabyte
23. Amosbyte = 1024 Kryatbyte
24. Pectrolbyte = 1024 Amosbyte
25. Bolgerbyte = 1024 Pectrolbyte
26. Sambobyte = 1024 Bolgerbyte
27. Quesabyte = 1024 Sambobyte
28. Kinsabyte = 1024 Quesabyte
29. Rutherbyte = 1024 Kinsabyte
30. Dubnibyte = 1024 Rutherbyte
here are two aspects in computer networks.
 Hard Ware : It includes physical connection (using adapter, cable, router, bridge etc)
 Soft Ware : It includes set of protocols (nothing but a set of rules)
Basic types of Computer Networks :

Local Area Networks (LANs) :

These are the simple networks. A set of computers (2 or more) connected within a single building or college campus ( a
few kilometres range)
Metropolitan Area Networks(MANs) :
These are the larger networks than LANs, these are limited to city or group of Nearby Offices. Simply we can say that a group of
LANs are called a MAN (but guys, this is not a standard definition, its jst for your understanding purpose).

Wide Area Networks (WANs) :

These type of networks provides long distance transmission of data and voice. (A city, state , country and ofcourse the world). it
contains HOST and collection of machines.
Now lets have a look at some basic differences between these three...
 Area :
o LAN : Covers small area.
o WAN : Covers large geographical area
o MAN : Covers larger than LAN but smaller than WAN
 Error Rates :
o LAN : Lowest
o WAN : Highest
o MAN : Moderate
 Transmission speed :
o LAN : High Speed
o WAn : Low Speed
o MAN : Moderate speed
 Cost :
o LAN : Uses inexpensive equipment (i mean, if you have two systems, its hardly costs nothing (almost) to connect
them with each other)
o WAN : Uses most expensive equipment (Connecting systems via internet)
o MAN : Uses moderately expensive equipment ( Connecting two systems in different buildings)
Till now we have discussed about the types of Networks. Now we shall discuss about HOW should we connect them.

Network Topology : A network Topology is the method or process which tells us about how to connect the Systems.
There are several types of Topologies are there.

Assume that the above green dots are computers.

Line Topology : If we connect several computers in a line then it is called as the LINE TOPOLOGY

Treee Topology : If we connect several systems in a hierarchical order, then it is called as the TREE TOPOLOGY

Bus Topology : If we connect several computers to a back bone (A wire) then it is called as the BUS TOPOLOGY.

Star Topology : If we connect several computers to a central hub (system) then it is called as the STAR TOPOLOGY.

Ring Topology : In line topology if we connected the last system to the starting system, then it is called as the Ring topology.

Mesh Topology : If we connect several systems with each other (There is no necessity that one system should connect with all the
remaining systems in the network, see the diagram) then it is called as the Mesh Topology.

Fully Connected : In a Network if everysystem is connected with all the remaining systems then it is called as the Fully Connected
topology.
Q.No. 1. WAP stands for?
Answer: Wireless Application Protocol

Q.No. 2. Name the first Supercomputer in the world?

Answer: The CDC 6600, released in 1964, is generally considered as the first supercomputer.

Q.No. 3. Father of supercomputer is?

Answer: Seymour Cray

Q.No. 4. Father of Computer Science is?

Answer: Alan Turing

Q.No. 5. First Cyber police station established in India was at?

Answer: Bangalore

Q.No. 6. India's first private Internet Service Provider?

Answer: Satyam Infoway Ltd

Q.No. 7. A group of 4 bits is called as?

Answer: Nibble

Q.No. 8. Where is first Techno park in India situated?

Answer: Trivandrum (Kerala)

Q.No. 9. Who is known as father of computer?

Answer: Charles Babbage

Q.No. 10. Who is the father of World Wide Web?

Answer: Tim Berners Lee
→1 Bit = Binary Digit
→8 Bits = 1 Byte
→1024 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte
→1024 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte
→1024 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte
→1024 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte
→1024 Terabytes = 1 Petabyte
→1024 Petabytes = 1 Exabyte
→1024 Exabytes = 1 Zettabyte
→1024 Zettabytes = 1 Yottabyte
→1024Yottabytes = 1 Brontobyte
→1024 Brontobytes = 1 Geopbyte
→1024 Geopbyte= 1 Saganbyte
→1024 Saganbyte= 1 Pijabyte
→Alphabyte = 1024 Pijabyte
→Kryatbyte = 1024 Alphabyte
→Amosbyte = 1024 Kryatbyte
→Pectrolbyte = 1024 Amosbyte
→Bolgerbyte = 1024 Pectrolbyte
→Sambobyte = 1024 Bolgerbyte
→Quesabyte = 1024 Sambobyte
→Kinsabyte = 1024 Quesabyte
→Rutherbyte = 1024 Kinsabyte
→Dubnibyte = 1024 Rutherbyte
→Seaborgbyte = 1024 Dubnibyte
→Bohrbyte = 1024 Seaborgbyte
→Hassiubyte = 1024 Bohrbyte
→Meitnerbyte = 1024 Hassiubyte
→Darmstadbyte = 1024 Meitnerbyte
→Roentbyte = 1024 Darmstadbyte
→Coperbyte = 1024 Roentbyte

 Kilobyte (KB), Approximately 1,000 bytes,

 Megabyte (MB), Approximately 1,000 KB or one million bytes,
 Gigabyte (GB), Approximately 1,000 MB or one billion bytes,
 Terabyte (TB), Approximately 1,000 GB or one trillion bytes,

Units of Computer Memory Measurements:

1 Bit = Binary Digit
8 Bits = 1 Byte
1024 Bytes = 1 KB (Kilo Byte)
1024 KB = 1 MB (Mega Byte)
1024 MB = 1 GB(Giga Byte)
1024 GB = 1 TB(Terra Byte)
1024 TB = 1 PB(Peta Byte)
1024 PB = 1 EB(Exa Byte)
1024 EB = 1 ZB(Zetta Byte)
1024 ZB = 1 YB (Yotta Byte)
1024 YB = 1 (Bronto Byte)
1024 Brontobyte = 1 (Geop Byte)
Geop Byte is The Highest Memory Measurement Unit!!!!

1 gigabyte - What is gigabyte (GB)? - Definition

1 gigabyte equal to 1e+9 bytes OR 1 Gigabyte = 1,073,741,824 Bytes. A gigabyte (GB) is a unit of measure of computer
data storage capacity that is used by various types of storage media. It is roughly equal to 1 billion bytes. How many MB in
1 GB? The answer is 1024. We assume you are converting between megabyte and gigabyte.

Computer Memory Concepts

Dear Readers, Today in the series of providing free study notes for bank exams we are here with chapter ' Computer
Memory Concepts'. In this chapter you learn complete fundamental knowledge about memory in computer system Study
notes on computer for bank exams. Please note that in the IBPS exam much more MCQs were asked from basic computer
concepts. So you prepare well and read these notes in your preparation.

Must Read our Previous Version : Computer Memory notes with Important Questions and Answers

About Computer Memory:

Memory is one of the most important components of a computer system as it stores data and instructions. Every
memory chip contains thousands of memory locations. In the computer, the data is stored in the form of bits and bytes. A
bit is the smallest storage unit of memory. A nibble is a collection of 4 bits. Eight bits combined together to form a
single byte, which in turn represents a single character. Finally we can say that Computer memory is the storage space in
computer where data is to be processed and instructions required for processing are stored.
Types of Computer Memory
Memory is major part of computers that categories into several types. The computer memories can be divided into
following categories:
[I] Primary Memory
[II] Secondary memory
[III] Cache Memory

I - Primary Memory
Primary memory or main memory is a Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) memory used for storing program and data
during the execution of the program. It is directly accessible to CPU.

Information stored in RAM can be accessed in any order, and may be erased or written over. Information stored in ROM
may also be random-access, in that it may be accessed in any order, but the information recorded on ROM is usually
permanent and cannot be erased or written over.

The memory unit is divided into :

(1) Random Access Memory (RAM)
(2) Read Only Memory (ROM)

Types of ROM is :
(A) PROM - Programmable Read Only Memory
(B) EPROM - Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
II- Secondary Memory/ Non-Volatile Memory
The Secondary memory unit is divided into :
(1) Magnetic Tape
(2) Magnetic Disk
(3) Optical Disk

Types of Optical Disk

(A) Compact Disk/ Read Only Memory (CD-ROM
(B) Write Once, Read Many (WORM)
(C) Erasable Optical Disk

Important Full Forms of Computer Terminology for SBI/IBPS Bank Exams

1. GOOGLE : Global Organization Of Oriented Group Language Of Earth .
2. YAHOO : Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle .
2. 3. WINDOW : Wide Interactive Network Development for Office work Solution
4. COMPUTER : Common Oriented Machine Particularly United and used under Technical and Educational
Research.
5. VIRUS : Vital Information Resources Under Siege .
6. UMTS : Universal Mobile Telecommunications System .
7. AMOLED: Active-matrix organic light-emitting diode
8. OLED : Organic light-emitting diode
9. IMEI: International Mobile Equipment Identity .
10. ESN: Electronic Serial Number .
11. UPS: uninterrupted power supply .
12. HDMI: High-Definition Multimedia Interface
13. VPN: virtual private network
14. APN: Access Point Name
15. SIM: Subscriber Identity Module
16. LED: Light emitting diode.
17. DLNA: Digital Living Network Alliance
18. RAM: Random access memory.
19. ROM: Read only memory.
20. VGA: Video Graphics Array
21. QVGA: Quarter Video Graphics Array
22. WVGA: Wide video graphics array.
23. WXGA: Wide screen Extended Graphics Array
24. USB: Universal serial Bus
25. WLAN: Wireless Local Area Network
26. PPI: Pixels Per Inch
27. LCD: Liquid Crystal Display.
28. HSDPA: High speed down-link packet access.
29. HSUPA: High-Speed Uplink Packet Access
30. HSPA: High Speed Packet Access
31. GPRS: General Packet Radio Service
32. EDGE: Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution
33. NFC: Near field communication
34. OTG: on-the-go
35. S-LCD: Super Liquid Crystal Display
36. O.S: Operating system.
37. SNS: Social network service
38. H.S: HOTSPOT
39. P.O.I: point of interest
40. GPS: Global Positioning System
41. DVD: Digital Video Disk / digital versatile disc
42. DTP: Desk top publishing.
43. DNSE: Digital natural sound engine .
44. OVI: Ohio Video Intranet
45. CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access
46. WCDMA: Wide-band Code Division Multiple Access
47. GSM: Global System for Mobile Communications
48. WI-FI: Wireless Fidelity
49. DIVX: Digital internet video access.
50. APK: authenticated public key.
51. J2ME: java 2 micro edition
53. DELL: Digital electronic link library.
54. ACER: Acquisition Collaboration Experimentation Reflection
55. RSS: Really simple syndication
56. TFT: thin film transistor
57. AMR: Adaptive Multi- Rate
58. MPEG: moving pictures experts group
59. IVRS: Interactive Voice Response System
60. HP: Hewlett Packard