372 Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures

+D=FJAH 

Earthquake Resistant
Design of a Four-storey
RC Building Based on
IS 13920: 1993

21.1 INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, a detailed design of a four-storeyed office building having a regular layout,
which can be divided into a number of similar vertical frames, has been considered to illustrate
the analysis and design of a frame. Only one frame in transverse direction has been considered
for analysis and design. A standard computer program on a personnel computer has been carried
out for the analysis. The design is carried out according to IS 13920: 1993 following the IS 456:
2000 and SP 16: 1980. The detailing of reinforcement at level 2 in the frame considered has
been presented.

21.2 PRELIMINARY DATA FOR EXAMPLE FRAME

The floor plan of a typical public-cum-office building is shown in Figure 21.1. The plan is regular
in nature in the sense that it has all columns equally placed. Thus, entire building space frame
can be divided into a number of vertical frames. An interior frame 4-4 as shown in Figure 21.2
is considered for analysis and design. Following are some of the salient features of the frame
1. Type of structure Multi-storey rigid jointed frame
2. Zone IV
3. Layout As shown in Figure 21.1
4. Number of stories Four (G + 3) as shown in Figure 21.2
5. Ground storey height 4.0 m
6. Floor-to-floor height 3.35 m
372
 +D=FJAH  Earthquake Resistant Design of a Four-storey RC Building... 373

4.6 m

2.3 m

4.6 m

4
11 @ 3.7 = 40.70 m

FIGURE 21.1 Typical plan of the building.

5 10 15 20
26 27 28
4 8 12 16 3.35 m

Level 4
4 9 14 19
23 24 25
3 7 11 15 3.35 m

Level 3
3 8 13 18
20 21 22
2 6 10 14 3.35 m

Level 2 300 ´ 450 300 ´ 450 300 ´ 450

2 7 12 17
17 18 19
4.00 m
1 5 9 13
300 ´ 530
300 ´ 530 300 ´ 300 300 ´ 300
1 6 11 16
Level 1

C1 C5 C5 C1
FIGURE 21.2 Detail of frame 4-4.

7. External walls 250 mm thick including plaster

8. Internal walls 150 mm thick including plaster
9. Live load 3.5 kN/m2
10. Materials M 20 and Fe 415
11. Seismic analysis Equivalent static method (IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002)
12. Design philosophy Limit state method conforming to IS 456: 1978
13. Ductility design IS 13920: 1993
 374 Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures

14. Size of exterior column 300 ¥ 500 mm

15. Size of interior column 300 ¥ 300 mm
16. Size of beams in longitudinal
and transverse direction 300 ¥ 450 mm
17. Depth of slab 120 mm

21.3 LOADING DATA

Dead Load (DL) Live Load (LL) Earthquake Load (EQ)
Terrace water proofing (TWF) = 1.5 kN/m2 Roof = 1.5 kN/m2 ah = (Z/2) (Sa /g)(I/R)
Floor Finish (FF) = 0.5 kN/m2 Live load on floor Z = 0.24 (Zone IV)
= 3.5 kN/m2 Sa /g = 2.5*, I = 1.0,
Weight of slab R = 5.0 (SMRF)
25 D kN/m2, where D is total depth of slab ah = (0.24/2) ¥ (2.5) ¥
(1.0/5.0) = 0.06
(Assume total depth of slab = 120 mm) T = 0.09 h/÷d
= 0.09 (14.05)/÷11.50
Weight of walls = 0.372
External walls (250 mm thick) ——————————–
= 5 kN/m/meter height (20 @ 0.25) For T = 0.372
Internal walls 150 mm thick Sa /g = 2.5* (from IS
= 3 kN/m/meter height (20 @ 0.15) 1893 (Part 1): 2002)

21.4 ANALYSIS OF SUB-FRAME 4-4

21.4.1 Dead Load Analysis
DL at roof level DL at floor level
Weight of slab Weight of slab
= 25 D = 25 ¥ 0.12 = 3.0 kN/m2 = 25 D = 25 ¥ 0.12 = 3.0 kN/m2
Weight of finishes = F.F + T.W.F. Weight of finishes (F.F) = 0.5 kN/m2
= 0.5 + 1.5 = 2.0 kN/m2 Total weight = 3.5 kN/m2
Total weight = 5.0 kN/m2
Total weight on beam C1-C5 Total weight on beam C1-C5
Tributary floor area on beam C1-C5 Tributary floor area on beam C1-C5
= 0.5 ¥ (0.9 + 4.6) ¥ 1.85 ¥ 2 = 10.175 m2 = 0.5 ¥ (0.9 + 4.6) ¥ 1.85 ¥ 2 = 10.175 m2
Slab weight on beam C1-C5 Slab weight on beam C1-C5
= 5 ¥ 10.175 = 50.875 kN = 3.5 ¥ 10.175 = 35.62 kN
Weight on beam C1-C5 per meter Weight on beam C1-C5 per meter
= 50.875/4.6 = 11.05 kN/m = 35.62/4.6 = 7.74 kN/m
Self-weight of beam Self-weight of beam
= 25 ¥ 0.30 ¥ (0.45 – 0.10) = 2.625 kN/m = 25 ¥ 0.30 ¥ (0.45 – 0.10) = 2.625 kN/m
 +D=FJAH  Earthquake Resistant Design of a Four-storey RC Building... 375

Total weight on beam C1-C5 Weight of walls

= 11.05 + 2.625 = 13.684 kN/m = 20 ¥ 0.15 ¥ (3.35 – 0.45) = 14.50 kN/m
Total weight on beam C5-C5 Total weight on beam C1-C5
Tributary floor area on beam C5-C5 = 7.74 + 14.50 + 2.625 = 24.86 kN/m
= 0.5 ¥ 2.3 ¥ 1.15 ¥ 2 = 2.645 m2
Total weight on beam C5-C5 Total weight on beam C5-C5
= 5 ¥ 2.645 = 13.225 kN Tributary floor area on beam C5-C5
Weight on beam C5-C5 = 0.5 ¥ 2.3 ¥ 1.15 ¥ 2 = 2.645 m2
= 13.225/2.3 = 5.75 kN/m Total weight on beam C5-C5
Self-weight of beam = 3.5 ¥ 2.645 = 9.2575 kN
= 25 ¥ 0.30 ¥ (0.45 – 0.10) = 2.625 kN/m Weight on beam C5-C5
Total weight on beam C5-C5 = 9.2575/2.3 = 4.025 kN/m
= 5.75 + 2.625 = 8.375 kN/m Self-weight of beam
= 25 ¥ 0.30 ¥ (0.45 – 0.10) = 2.625 kN/m
Weight of walls
= 20 ¥ 0.15 ¥ (3.35 – 0.45) = 14.50 kN/m
Total weight on beam C5-C5
= 4.025 + 2.625 + 14.50 = 21.15 kN/m
The dead loads on various beams and columns in the frame are shown in Figure 21.3.
13.684 kN/m 8.375 kN/m 13.684 kN/m

24.86 kN/m 21.15 kN/m 24.86 kN/m

24.86 kN/m 21.15 kN/m 24.86 kN/m

24.86 kN/m 21.15 kN/m 24.86 kN/m

FIGURE 21.3 Dead Load on Frame 4-4 (kN/m).

 376 Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures

21.4.2 Live (Imposed) Load Analysis

LL at roof level LL at floor level
Weight of live load = 1.5 kN/m2 Weight of live load = 3.5 kN/m2
Total weight on beam C1-C5 Total weight on beam C1-C5
Tributary floor area on beam C1-C5 Tributary floor area on beam C1-C5
= 0.5 ¥ (0.9 + 4.6) ¥ 1.85 ¥ 2 = 10.175 m2 = 0.5 ¥ (0.9 + 4.6) ¥ 1.85 ¥ 2 = 10.175 m2
Total weight on beam C1-C5 Total weight on beam C1-C5
= 1.5 ¥ 10.175 = 15.265 kN = 3.5 ¥ 10.175 = 35.62 kN
Total weight on beam C1-C5 Total weight on beam C1-C5
= 15.265/4.6 = 3.32 kN/m = 35.62/4.6 = 7.74 kN/m
Total weight on beam C5-C5 Total weight on beam C5-C5
Tributary floor area on beam C5-C5 Tributary floor area on beam C5-C5
= 0.5 ¥ 2.3 ¥ 1.15 ¥ 2 = 2.645 m2 = 0.5 ¥ 2.3 ¥ 1.15 ¥ 2 = 2.645 m2
Total weight on beam C5-C5 Total weight on beam C5-C5
= 1.5 ¥ 2.645 = 3.9675 kN = 3.5 ¥ 2.645 = 9.2575 kN
Total weight on beam C5-C5 Total weight on beam C5-C5
= 3.9675/2.3 = 1.725 kN/m = 9.2575/2.3 = 4.025 kN/m
The live loads on various beams and columns in the frame are shown in Figure 21.4.
3.32 kN/m 1.75 kN/m 3.32 kN/m

7.74 kN/m 4.00 kN/m 7.74 kN/m

7.74 kN/m 4.00 kN/m 7.74 kN/m

7.74 kN/m 4.00 kN/m 7.74 kN/m

FIGURE 21.4 Live Load on Frame 4-4 (kN/m).

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21.4.3 Earthquake Load Analysis

Determination of total base shear
Dead load Live load
(a) Weight of floor i.e. (Ws + FF) Live load on roof = Zero
= 40.70 ¥ 11.50 ¥ (3.0 + 0.5) = 1638.175 kN Live load on floors
(b) Weight of roof i.e. (Ws + TWF + FF) = 50% of 3.5 kN/m2 = 1.75 kN/m2
= 40.70 ¥ 11.50 ¥ (3.0 + 1.5 + 0.5) Total live load on each floor
= 2340.25 kN
(c) Weight of peripheral beams (Transverse) = 40.70 ¥ 11.50 ¥ 1.75 = 819.08 kN
= {2(4.6 – 0.45/2 – 0.3/2) ¥ 2.625} ¥ 2 +
{1(2.3 – 0.30/2 – 0.3/2) ¥ 2.625} ¥ 2 = 54.86 kN Concentrated mass
(d) Weight of peripheral beams (Longitudinal) At roof = (b + c + d + e + f/2 + g +
= {11(3.7 – 0.30/2 – 0.3/2) ¥ 2.625} ¥ 2 h + i/2 + j ¥ 3.35/2 + k ¥ 3.35/2) + 0.0
= 196.35 kN = 5074.98 kN
(e) Weight of parapet wall (1.0 m height,
150 mm thick)
= 2 ¥ (40.70 + 11.50) ¥ 1.0 ¥ 3 = 313.20 kN At 2nd and 3rd floor =
(f) Weight of external wall (thickness (a + c + d + f + g + h + i + (j + k)
of wall 250 mm) 3.35) + 819.08 = 6578.95 kN
= 20 ¥ 0.25 ¥ (20.9 + 74.8) ¥ (3.35 – 0.45)
= 1387.65 kN
(g) Interior beams (Transverse) At 1st floor = (a + c + d + f + g + h +
= {(2 ¥ 4.225 + 2.0) ¥ 2.625} ¥ 11 i + (j + k) (3.35 + 4.0) 0.5) + 819.08
= 274.32 kN = 6622.80 kN
(h) Interior beams (Longitudinal)
= {(3.7 – 0.3) ¥ 2.625 ¥ 11} ¥ 2 = 196.35 kN
(i) Weight of interior wall (thickness = 150 mm), Total weight = 5074.98 + 2 ¥
Length (Transverse) 6578.95 + 6622.80 = 24855.69 kN
= {(4.6 – 0.45/2 – 0.3/2) ¥ 2 + (2.3-0.3)} ¥ 10
= 104.5 m
Length (Longitudinal) Total base shear
= {(3.7 – 0.3) ¥ 11 ¥ 2} = 74.8 m = ah ¥ W = 0.6 ¥ 24855.69
Height = 3.35 – 0.45 = 2.90 m = 1491.34 kN
Weight = 20 ¥ 0.15 ¥ (104.5 + 74.8) ¥ 2.90
= 1559.91 kN
(j) Weight of exterior column/height Base shear in each frame
= 2 ¥ 12 ¥ 0.30 ¥ 0.45 ¥ 25 = 81 kN/m = 1491.34/12 = 125 kN
(k) Weight of interior column/height
= 2 ¥ 12 ¥ 0.30 ¥ 0.30 ¥ 25 = 54 kN/m
 378 Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures

Determination of Design Lateral Loads at Each Floor

Level Wi (MN) hi (meter) W i h i2 W i h i2 / Â W i h i2 Qi (kN)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
Roof (Level 5) 5.074 14.05 1001.62 0.452 56.50
Third Floor (Level 4) 6.578 10.70 753.16 0.34 42.50
Second Floor (Level 3) 6.578 7.35 355.36 0.16 20.00
First Floor (Level 2) 6.622 4.00 105.95 0.048 6.00
Ground floor (Level 1) .— 0.00
 = 2216.04  = 1.0  = 125

The seismic loads (sway to left) and (sway to right) on the considered frame are shown
in Figures 21.5 and 21.6 respectively.

56.50 kN

42.50 kN

20.00 kN

6.00 kN

FIGURE 21.5 Equivalent static lateral load Figure 21.6 Equivalent static lateral load
(sway to left) on Frame 4-4 in kN. (sway to right) on Frame 4-4 in kN.

21.5 LOAD COMBINATIONS

The analysis has been carried out for Dead Load (DL), Live Load or Imposed Load (IL) and
Earthquake Load (EL) in both the directions i.e. sway to left (+EL) and sway to right (–EL)
by a standard computer program. The combination of the above cases has been made according
to Clause 6.3 of IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002 as given in Table 21.1. The member forces for the above
load combinations are given in Table 21.2.