Speech Writing

By: Augustian Barth Manlapaz I. Speech writing is a recursive process;

II. Any speech should include introduction, body, and conclusion; and
III. Knowing the audience and the occasion is crucial.

SPEECH ACTS
1. Assertive – concluding, or stating a fact Stages in speech writing:
“l am wearing a tangerine blouse today.” 1st stage: Analyzing the audience
2. Directive – commanding, or requesting 2nd stage: Determining the purpose
“Please help me here.” 3rd stage: Selecting a topic
3. Commissive – promising, planning, or vowing 4th stage: Narrowing down a topic
“I will eat a balanced diet starting tomorrow.” 5th stage: Data gathering
4. Expressive – thanking, or apologizing 6th stage: Choosing a writing pattern – refers to the structure a writer
“I’m so grateful you came to my party.” chooses for his/her speech
5. Declarative – nominating, or declaring Writing Pattern Description
“I nominate Mr. Go for class President.” Biographical Presents a description of a person’s life
Categorical/Topical Presents related categories supporting the
topic
Communicative Strategy Causal Presents cause and effect relationships
Chronological Pattern Presents the development of your topic
1. Nomination “What could be the best topic to discuss?” from beginning to end
another examples for nomination: Comparison/Contrast Presents the comparison or contrast of two
• calling a participant's name or three points
Problem-Solution Presents an identified problem, its causes,
• pointing at a participant and recommended solutions
• announcing that it is time to ask questions
2. Restriction “Will you please focus on the subject matter of our meeting.” 7th stage: Outlining
3. Turn-taking “Let us now give the floor to our next speaker, a round of 8th stage: Body of speech
applause please.” 9th stage: The introduction
4. Topic control “I think the issue here is how to settle the problem between 10th stage: The conclusion – restates the main idea
Paul and Peter, not about who is to be blamed for.” 11th stage: Editing/Revising
5. Topic shifting “Now, let’s talk about oranges.” 12th stage: Rehearsing
6. Termination “see you tomorrow!”
7. Repair “I’m sorry, I didn’t mean what I said.”
Speech Delivery 2. IMPROMPTU SPEECH
A. Types of speech according to PURPOSE ➢ delivered with little or no time for
preparation
1. Informative speech Provides the audience with a clear
understanding of a concept or idea. Strategies in Organizing and Delivering an Impromptu Speech:
2.Entertainment speech Provides the audience with amusement. o Past, Present, Future
3. Persuasive speech o Point-Reason-Example/Explanation-Point
Provides the audience with well-argued
o Opening, Rule of Three, Clincher
ideas that can influence their own beliefs
and decisions. a. Bridging
Examples: This entails building a connection between
✓ debates what you know and what you do not know
✓ sales talk
✓ legal proceedings b. Reframing
This means redefining the topic into
something that you want to talk about

B. Types of speech according to DELIVERY c. Playing Devil’s Advocate

This refers to you standing on the opposite
1. EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH side
➢ planned or prepared speech
➢ delivered with the help of short notes or a
clear outline
3. MANUSCRIPT SPEECH
➢ you write a script, and
➢ deliver a speech word for word
extemporaneous questions:
a. is it a question of fact?
Persons who are most likely to deliver a manuscript
- questions that are answerable by “Yes” or “No” speech:

b. is it a question of value?
a.Public figures
- centered on whether a topic or principle is moral or immoral
b.Media personalities
c. is it a question of policy?
- it’s focused on what policy or rule should be followed c.Spokespersons for government and private organizations
 4. MEMORIZED SPEECH – the loudness and softness of your voice
➢ requires you to commit the speech to memory – the highness or lowness of sounds
➢ no notes when delivering it – breaks or interruptions in speech that separate thoughts and
ideas
5. ENTERTAINMENT SPEECH – hand movements to emphasize phrases and points
➢ the ultimate goal of an entertainment speech is to share out directions
goodwill and pleasure. – refers to the number of words an individual utters in one
minute
6. INFORMATIVE SPEECH – combination of vowels, consonants,
➢ it is a speech that provides the audience with a clear syllables, and accents a speaker uses to emphasize words
understanding of a concept or ideas.

7. PERSUASIVE SPEECH
➢ Your aim is to change the perception of your listeners and Violations in communication
convince them that your argument is more important.
➢ Example: The student leader will deliver a speech to A. Grabbing the floor – when a speaker interrupts another speaker.
convince the school administration to Switch from manual e.g. One of the students immediately shared his insight without letting
to automated student government election. the teacher finish the question.

QUALITIES OF AN EFFECTIVE PERSUASIVE SPEECH: B. Overlapping – when two or more speakers talk at the same time.
1. Well-defined goal e.g. During a debate, a member from the pro team keeps on interrupting
the member from the anti.
2. Clear main point

3. Sufficient supporting ideas C. Hogging the floor – when a speaker is interested only in expressing
his ideas and does not care about what anyone else has to say.
4. Logical reasoning
e.g. The teacher was discussing about the ecosystem when Calvin
5. Effective and powerful ways to gain the attention of your audience interrupted and shared what he had seen in a documentary but the
teacher ignores him.
6. Compelling ideas to make your target audience feel and think

7. Salient motives to target the salient needs of your audience D. Dead air – a period of silence or lack of audio transmission during
an interaction.
e.g. Susie was explaining her report and proceeded to ask questions but
nobody wants to answer or share their insights.