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VSAQ

Nlp

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15 views7 pages

VSAQ

Nlp

Uploaded by

paij6328
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIT I: Finding the Structure of Words

Q: What is a token in NLP?


A: A token is an individual word or symbol in a text.

Q: What is a lexeme?
A: A lexeme is a set of forms with a shared base meaning, such as "run" and
"running."

Q: What is a morpheme?
A: A morpheme is the smallest grammatical unit in a language.

Q: Define morphology.
A: Morphology is the study of word structure and how words are formed.

Q: What is inflectional morphology?


A: It’s the alteration of words to express different grammatical features, like tense or
plurality.

Q: What does "derivation" mean in morphology?


A: Derivation is the process of creating a new word by adding affixes, like
"happiness" from "happy."

Q: What is a dictionary lookup in morphological analysis?


A: It’s a method that searches for words in a predefined dictionary.

Q: What is finite-state morphology?


A: It uses finite-state machines to model word structures and transformations.

Q: Define "ambiguity" in morphology.


A: Ambiguity occurs when a word has multiple possible structures or meanings.

Q: What is typology in linguistics?


A: Typology classifies languages based on their structure and patterns.

Q: What is productivity in morphology?


A: Productivity refers to how easily new words can be formed in a language.
Q: What is morphology induction?
A: Morphology induction is the automatic discovery of morphological rules from
data.

Q: What is a stem in morphology?


A: A stem is the base part of a word, to which affixes are added.

Q: What are allomorphs?


A: Allomorphs are variant forms of a morpheme, like "cats" and "dogs."

Q: What is a morphological model?


A: It’s a computational method for analyzing and generating word forms.

UNIT II: Syntax Analysis

Q: What is parsing?
A: Parsing is analyzing the syntactic structure of sentences.

Q: What is a parse tree?


A: A parse tree represents the syntactic structure of a sentence.

Q: What is constituency parsing?


A: It identifies the phrases or constituents in a sentence.

Q: Define dependency parsing.


A: Dependency parsing focuses on relationships between words in a sentence.

Q: What is ambiguity in syntax?


A: Ambiguity is when a sentence has multiple possible syntactic structures.

Q: What is a treebank?
A: A treebank is a corpus with syntactically annotated sentences.

Q: Give an example of a syntactic role.


A: Subject or object in a sentence.

Q: What is a top-down parser?


A: A parser that starts with the root and builds downward.
Q: What is bottom-up parsing?
A: Parsing that starts with words and builds upward to the sentence.

Q: What is the purpose of chart parsing?


A: To avoid redundant calculations by storing intermediate results.

Q: What is a probabilistic context-free grammar?


A: A grammar that assigns probabilities to production rules.

Q: What does "nsubj" stand for in dependency parsing?


A: Nominal subject, the subject of the verb.

Q: What is Universal Dependencies?


A: A framework for consistent annotation across languages.

Q: Name a challenge in multilingual parsing.


A: Differences in word order across languages.

Q: What is a shift-reduce parser?


A: A parsing algorithm used in dependency parsing.

UNIT III: Semantic Parsing

Q: What is semantic parsing?


A: Mapping sentences to structured meanings.

Q: Define word sense disambiguation.


A: Determining the correct meaning of a word in context.

Q: What is a semantic role?


A: A role like agent, theme, or goal that words play in an event.

Q: What is a frame in semantic parsing?


A: A structure that represents stereotypical situations, like "eating."

Q: What is a lexicon in NLP?


A: A database of words with meanings and syntactic information.
Q: What is a named entity?
A: A specific item like a person, location, or organization.

Q: What is semantic ambiguity?


A: When a word or sentence has multiple possible meanings.

Q: What is a system paradigm in semantic parsing?


A: A framework for developing semantic parsers.

Q: What is a concept in semantic interpretation?


A: An abstract idea or category represented by words.

Q: Define polysemy.
A: A word having multiple related meanings.

Q: What is a synonym?
A: A word with a similar meaning to another word.

Q: What is a hypernym?
A: A general word that represents a broader category (e.g., "animal" for "dog").

Q: What is the goal of a word sense system?


A: To identify the specific meaning of a word in context.

Q: Name one semantic parsing approach.


A: Template-based parsing.

Q: What is reference resolution?


A: Identifying what entities pronouns refer to.

UNIT IV: Predicate-Argument Structure and Meaning Representation Systems

Q: What is predicate-argument structure?


A: The relationship between verbs (predicates) and their arguments (nouns).

Q: What is a predicate in NLP?


A: The part of a sentence describing an action or state.
Q: What is an argument in syntax?
A: The entities involved in the action or state.

Q: What is a thematic role?


A: The role that entities play in relation to the predicate, like agent or theme.

Q: What is a frame in meaning representation?


A: A schema for capturing scenarios with roles and participants.

Q: What is a semantic frame?


A: A mental structure that relates words in a scenario.

Q: What is a meaning representation system?


A: A formal system to represent the meaning of sentences.

Q: What is a proposition in semantics?


A: The main meaning or claim expressed by a sentence.

Q: What is compositionality?
A: The principle that sentence meaning is derived from its parts.

Q: Define lambda calculus in NLP.


A: A formal system for representing functional expressions.

Q: What is a logical form?


A: A formal structure representing a sentence's meaning.

Q: What is a relation in semantic parsing?


A: The connection between entities in a sentence.

Q: What is functional morphology?


A: The study of word structure based on their function.

Q: What is argument structure?


A: How verbs relate to the entities they interact with.
Q: What is compositional semantics?
A: The study of how sentence meaning is derived from word meaning.

UNIT V: Discourse Processing and Language Modeling

Q: What is discourse processing?


A: Analyzing multiple sentences to understand context and meaning.

Q: What is cohesion in discourse?


A: The linking of sentences through language elements like pronouns.

Q: What is anaphora resolution?


A: Determining what pronouns refer to.

Q: Define coherence in discourse.


A: The logical connection between sentences.

Q: What is an N-gram?
A: A sequence of N words used in language modeling.

Q: What is unigram language modeling?


A: A model where each word is independent of others.

Q: What is perplexity?
A: A measure of how well a language model predicts a sample.

Q: What is a bigram?
A: A two-word sequence used in language models.

Q: What is language model adaptation?


A: Adjusting models to specific language or domain features.

Q: Define cross-lingual modeling.


A: Modeling across different languages using shared features.

Q: What is parameter estimation in language modeling?


A: The process of setting model weights based on data.
Q: What is a Markov assumption?
A: The assumption that future states depend only on the current state.

Q: What is smoothing in language modeling?


A: Adjusting probabilities to account for unseen words.

Q: What is a tri-gram model?


A: A language model based on three-word sequences.

Q: What is multilingual language modeling?


A: Language modeling that supports multiple languages in one system.

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