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Computer basics2

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negsx93
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Ahmed Salam | lectures

Computer Principles
Ahmed Salam | lectures
•

An electronic device for processing data and performing operations.

- Central Processing Unit (CPU)


- Storage Memory

- Education
- Business
• Evolution: Computers have become faster and more efficient.

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• A collection of numbers, symbols, and images that we input for processing.

• The operation of performing arithmetic (like addition and


subtraction) and logical operations (like equals, greater than, less than) on the
data.

• The results obtained after processing the data.

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: Users enter data through input devices like keyboards and mice.

: The CPU processes the input data to generate useful information.

: The processed information is displayed via output devices such as monitors and printers .

: Data is saved on storage devices for future access.

Processing

output data Input data


.

Storage

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- Hardware
- Software

:refers to the physical parts of a computer, including:

The brain of the computer that processes information.


Temporary storage for data in use.
The main board connecting all parts.
Devices like HDD and SSD for saving files.
Manages images and videos.
Devices like keyboard and mouse.

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are parts that show data to the user, including:
For showing information.

For printing papers.

For sound.

For big displays.

: For touch and display.

: For entering text and commands.

: For selecting items and navigating.

A laptop alternative to a mouse.

Converts physical documents into digital format.

For inputting audio.

For inputting video and images.

: Facilitates gaming

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is like the heart of a computer, and your explanation
of its three main parts is important.

* Key part of the computer's processor.

* Performs math operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division.

* Example: \( A = 10 + 5 \) can be done by the ALU.

* Handles logical operations like comparisons.

* Allows the computer to check conditions, e.g., `IF AVG >= 50 THEN PRINT("PASS")`.

* Fast storage spots within the Central Processing Unit (CPU).

* Temporarily hold data and information.

* Different types for specific kinds of data.

* Help speed up processing.

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* Set of circuits that interpret program instructions.

* Oversees execution of those instructions.

* Moves data between ALU and registers, and input/output devices.

- Reading and understanding program instructions.

- Directing operations within the CPU.

- Controlling data flow to memory and input/output devices.

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- Used for permanent data storage.
- Its contents cannot be easily modified.

- Used for temporary data storage while the device is running.


- Its contents can be read and written quickly.
- Information stored in it is lost when the device is powered off.

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|-----------------------|---------------------------------------|---------------------------------------|

Permanent (non-volatile) Temporary (volatile)

Cannot be easily modified Can be read and written

Data is not lost when powered off Data is lost when powered off

Slower compared to RAM Significantly faster

Stores essential system instructions Stores data while applications run

Typically has a smaller capacity than RAM Usually has a larger capacity

In summary, ROM is used for storing Important information needed to boot the system,
while RAM is used for storing data that the processor needs while operating.

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