Unit 4 - Urbanisation

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Unit 4.

Urbanisation
II. Vocabulary
1 Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 1. Not many young people can _____ to buy a flat, let alone a house in a big city.
A. afford B. affect C. increase D. expand
Question 2. Over the past ten years, my town has rapidly _____ into a city as more areas have been urbanised
A decreased B. expanded C. remained stable D. gone down
Question 3. Many young people leave their home towns and _____ better jobs in big cities.
A leave B. decrease C. seek D. change
Question 4. As too many people have moved to the city, _____ has become a big concern.
A. healthy lifestyle B. life expectancy C. population D. unemployment
Question 5. _____ of the village are complaining about the increasing number of tourists in the area.
A. Residents B. Buildings C. Travellers D. Supermarkets
Question 6. The Ha Noi Opera House was built at the beginning of the 20th century when Viet Nam was under
French _____ rule.
A. strict B. colonial C. controlled D. dependent
Question 7. The government has spent $10 million to _____ and improve the railway network in the area
A. build B. increase C. modernise D. change
Question 8. Local residents expressed _____ about the increasing air pollution in the areas near the construction
site.
A. interest B. effect C. duty D. concern
2 Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in
each of the following questions.
Question 1. In the past, people in my village used to get around on foot or by bicycle.
A. jump B. exercise C. work D. travel
Question 2. A lack of affordable housing is a cause of concern for many city dwellers
A. factor B. change C. worry D. benefit
Question 3. The urban population is increasing rapidly because more and more people from the countryside are
moving to cities.
A. very slowly B. very quickly C. gradually D. slightly
Question 4. The bus system in our city is very good and reliable, I often get around the city by bus.
A. can be trusted B. changeable C. can be seen D. reasonable
3 Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in
each of the following questions.
Question 1. Every year, millions of people from the countryside move to urban areas.
A. rural B. disadvantaged C. modern D. developed
Question 2. The city we live in is expanding, and more high-rise buildings are being built here.
A. getting bigger B. getting smaller C. changing D. growing
Question 3. Many people in big cities cannot afford to buy their own house, so they have to live in the rented
one.
A. decide B. don't want C. have money D. need
Question 4. Young couples are forced to find affordable housing outside the city.
A. spacious B. high quality C. cheap D. expensive

4 Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words/phrases in the box.
Housing rush hour urban area decrease
leisure activity Reliable local resident unemployment

Question 1. The __________ are getting more and more crowded as more people are coming from the
countryside.
Question 2. The city's leaders have promised to provide more affordable __________ for all residents.
Question 3. We need to build more public parks, where city dwellers can enjoy more __________.
Question 4. __________ are expected to face more competition from migrants in finding jobs.
Question 5. There is a big increase in youth __________ as young people struggle to find jobs.
Question 6. The urban population is increasing whereas the population in rural areas __________.
Question 7. During __________, many drivers get stuck in heavy traffic
Question 8. Trains in the UK are not very __________ as they are often cancelled or delayed.
III. Grammar
1 Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 1. This is the second time I ________ this city. I have noticed a lot of changes here.
A. have visited B. visit C. visited D. had visited
Question 2. Starting her own business is the best decision my sister ________ in her life.
A. has never made B. has ever made C. makes D. had
Question 3. Leaving the countryside to live in a crowded city is the worst decision he ________ in his life.
A has B. makes C. has made D. gets
Question 4. This is the first time we ________ such an interesting talk about urbanisation in Viet Nam.
A. listen to B. had listened to C. listened to D. have listened to
Question 5. Due to rapid urbanisation, our city is becoming ________.
A. bigger and bigger B. big and bigger C. bigger and big D. big and big
Question 6. It is getting ________ difficult for young people to find jobs if they don't have any skills.
A. much and more B. more and more C. more and much D. much and much
Question 7. The more people move to the big city, ________ pollution becomes.
A. the more B. worse C. the worse D. the worst
Question 8. After only a month, my brother got bored at work and found his job ________ attractive.
A. the least B. more or less C. more and more D. less and less
2 Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following
questions.
Question 1. This is the first time I had taken a photo of this rare animal in the wilD.
A B C D
Question 2. The most we use our personal vehicles, the more we pollute the environment.
A B C D
Question 3. What is the most expensive present that you have ever give to someone?
A B C D
Question 4. That is the second time I have went to the new shopping centre.
A B C D
Question 5. Much and more high-rise buildings are being built in our city.
A B C D
Question 6. Finding a stable job in the city is getting more and most difficult.
A B C D
Question 7. The little developed a country is, the higher the unemployment rate is
A B C D
Question 8. Singapore is the most modern city I had ever visited.
A B C D
IV. Reading
1 Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word that best fits each
of the numbered blanks.
Singapore's urbanisation
In 2018, the United Nations announced that Singapore was completely (1) ______ as 100 per cent of its
population is defined as urban. Urbanisation has brought both (2) ______ and disadvantages to the small city-
state. On the one hand, Singapore has (3) ______ a lot of skilled workers from many other countries to ensure the
economy continues to grow. Migrants have also helped create a more (4) ______ diverse society in Singapore. On
the other hand, urbanisation has caused some (5) ______ problems such as deforestation, overpopulation, and
waste management. Since it was first colonised by the British in 1819 and Singapore was formally founded, over
95 per cent of its vegetation has been (6) ______. In terms of (7) ______ density, in many parts of Singapore,
there are over 20,000 people living per square kilometre. Waste treatment used to be another (8) ______ in
Singapore. However, thanks to the development of technology, this problem has been solved. Singapore has even
become a leader in urban waste management.
Question 1. A. urbanised B. modernised C. realised D. revised
Question 2. A. news B. advantages C. changes D. peace
Question 3. A. changed B. caught C. attracted D. denied
Question 4. A. verbally B. globally C. locally D. culturally
Question 5. A. serious B. easy C. difficult D. dangerous
Question 6. A. grown B. cleared C. bought D. taken
Question 7. A. environment B. development C. population D. pollution
Question 8. A. idea B. factor C. benefit D. problem
2 Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
questions.
Urbanising the countryside

An Binh used to be a small village on the bank of the Red River. Local people mainly worked on farms and grew
their own food. Public transport was not very convenient at that time. Villagers just went around the local area by
bicycle or on foot. The only way for them to travel to another town or city was to cross the river by boat, then get
on the train.

Their life, however, started to change from the year 2000. A bridge across the Red River was built, connecting the
village with one of the biggest motorways in the country. Since then, many local people have migrated to big
cities. The village has also attracted people to come and start a business here. In addition, a new industrial zone
has been developed. Local people and residents of neighbouring villages have started working in the industrial
zone's factories. The infrastructure has also been improved. Clean water facilities and drainage systems have been
installed. A number of high-rise buildings have been built. Supermarkets, hospitals, and many other facilities have
also been provided.

The village has now grown into an urbanised town with a population of over 20,000 people. Life has become
easier for its residents. However, there are now some new problems. A large number of young people are
unemployed because they lack the necessary knowledge and skills to work in the factories. In addition, the town
is getting more and more crowded. As a result, pollution has increased and has sparked concern among local
residents and the authorities. Despite all these concerns, the life of An Binh's residents has generally become
much better.
Question 1. What is paragraph 1 about?
A. Travelling to An Binh. B. Living on farms.
C. An Binh as a rural area D. A present-day town.
Question 2. What is paragraph 2 about?
A. How things have changed in the village. B. The present image of the village.
C. The building of bridges and motorways. D. How the infrastructure should be improved
Question 3. When did things start to change in An Binh Village?
A. 200 years ago. B. At the end of the 20th century.
C. At present. D. About four decades ago.
Question 4. The word ‘migrated’ in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
A. moved from one place to another B. started a new business
C. Improved the image D. registered to live in a new place
Question 5. The word ‘zone’ in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
A. height B. space C. time D. area
Question 6. The word ‘it’ in paragraph 3 refers to
A. the old vilage's B. the industrial zone's
C. the urbanised town's D. the high-rise building's
Question 7. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a concern in An Binh?
A. Crime B. Unemployment C. Being crowded D. Pollution
Question 8. What is the author's attitude towards the problems mentioned in the last paragraph?
A. Critical B. Neutral. C. Confident. D. Optimistic

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