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Notes of Computer

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10 views

Notes of Computer

Uploaded by

bilalkcvtc5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2

This chapter provides an introduction to Computer networks and covers fundamental topics like data,
information to the definition of communication and computer networks. The main objective of data
communication and networking is to enable seamless exchange of data between any two points in the
world. This exchange of data takes place over a computer network.

1.2 DATA & INFORMATION

Data refers to the raw facts that are collected while information refers to processed data that enables
us to take decisions. Ex. When result of a particular test is declared it contains data of all students,
when you find the marks you have scored you have the information that lets you know whether you
have passed or failed. The word data refers to any information which is presented in a form that is
agreed and accepted upon by is creators and users.

1.3 DATA COMMUNICATION

Data Communication is a process of exchanging data or information In case of computer networks this
exchange is done between two devices over a transmission medium. This process involves a
communication system which is made up of hardware and software. The hardware part involves the
sender and receiver devices and the intermediate devices through which the data passes. The software
part involves certain rules which specify what is to be communicated, how it is to be communicated and
when. It is also called as a Protocol. The following sections describes the fundamental characteristics
that are important for the effective working of data communication process and is followed by the
components that make up a data communications system.

1.3.1 Characteristics of Data Communication

The effectiveness of any data communications system depends upon the following four fundamental
characteristics:

1. Delivery: The data should be delivered to the correct destination and correct user. 2. Accuracy: The
communication system should deliver the data accurately, without introducing any errors. The data may
get corrupted during transmission affecting the accuracy of the delivered data. 3. Timeliness: Audio and
Video data has to be delivered in a timely manner without any delay; such a data delivery is called real
time transmission of data. 4. Jitter: It is the variation in the packet arrival time. Uneven Jitter may affect
the timeliness of data being transmitted.
1.3.2 Components of Data Communication

A Data Communication system has five components as shown in the diagram below:

Fig. Components of a Data Communication System

1. Message Message is the information to be communicated by the sender to the receiver.

2. Sender The sender is any device that is capable of sending the data (message).

3. Receiver The receiver is a device that the sender wants to communicate the data (message).

4. Transmission Medium It is the path by which the message travels from sender to receiver. It can be
wired or wireless and many subtypes in both.

5. Protocol It is an agreed upon set or rules used by the sender and receiver to communicate data. A
protocol is a set of rules that governs data communication. A Protocol is a necessity in data
communications without which the communicating entities are like two persons trying to talk to each
other in a different language without know the other language.

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