Solar wireless electric

Vehicle charging system

Project Supervisor:-
Dr. Ashwani Kumar Aggarwal

Submitted by :-
Rohinee Mall(2140258)
Kajal Kumari(2234271)
Divya Kumari(2234263
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thank the Project guide, Head of Department and Dean
of Department, for providing all the material possible and encouraging
throughout the course of project. It is great pleasure for us to
acknowledgement his assistance and contributions for his prompt and
timely help in the official clearances and valuable suggestions during
the development of this project. I would also like to express my
profound gratitude to my faculty members and all my team members
for their efforts and collaboration in doing this project work.
Last but not least, I express my heartiest gratitude to almighty god and
our well wishes for their love and blessings to complete the project
successfully.
 ABSTRACT
The project titled "Solar-Powered Wireless Charging System for
Electric Vehicles" showcases a pioneering solution in the realm of
sustainable transportation. In this innovative endeavor, a solar car has
been meticulously designed, leveraging the abundant energy of the sun
for both propulsion and extending support to other electric vehicles.
The solar car is equipped with a 6V solar panel, charging a 4.5V
battery, and driven by four 4V motors, controlled seamlessly by a
standard RC transmitter and receiver.
A key highlight of this project is the incorporation of a wireless
charging system at the car's rear, capable of wirelessly transferring
power to other electric vehicles in need. This functionality is
particularly useful when encountering stranded or discharged electric
cars on the road. In such situations, the solar car automatically
identifies the needy vehicle, navigates to its location, and initiates
wireless charging, effectively reviving the stranded vehicle and
enabling it to resume its journey.
 INTRODUCTION :
In the relentless pursuit of a sustainable future, the automotive
industry has witnessed a monumental shift towards electric vehicles
(EVs). With their eco-friendly footprint and efficient operation, EVs
represent a promising solution to combat climate change and reduce
dependence on fossil fuels. However, despite their numerous
advantages, EVs still face challenges, one of which is the anxiety
associated with battery depletion during journeys.
Imagine embarking on a journey in your electric vehicle, cruising
along the highways of progress towards a greener tomorrow, when
suddenly, the dreaded warning light flashes – your battery is running
low. Panic sets in as you contemplate your next move. But fear not, for
in this vision of the future, we present an innovative solution to
alleviate such concerns – the Wireless Charging Solar Car.
Inspired by the urgency of emergency services like ambulances, the
Wireless Charging Solar Car stands ready to rescue stranded EVs in
their time of need. Just as you would summon an ambulance in a
medical emergency, a simple call beckons the arrival of the Wireless
Charging Solar Car. At the heart of this groundbreaking concept lies
the fusion of solar energy and wireless power transfer technology.
Utilizing advanced 6V solar panels, the Wireless Charging Solar Car
harnesses the inexhaustible power of the sun to generate electricity.
These solar panels, meticulously positioned atop the vehicle's sleek
exterior, capture sunlight and convert it into energy, ready to be
deployed at a moment's notice.
But how does this energy reach the stranded EV? Through the marvel
of wireless power transfer. Employing cutting-edge 4V wireless power
transmitters and receivers, the Wireless Charging Solar Car transmits
energy across the airwaves, eliminating the need for cumbersome
cables and connectors. This seamless transfer of power ensures swift
and efficient charging of EV batteries, allowing motorists to resume
their journey with minimal delay.
The ingenuity of this project extends beyond its primary function of
wireless charging. By integrating DC motors controlled by motor
driver L293 and RC receivers, the Solar Car operates with precision
and agility, navigating roads with ease. The inclusion of RC
transmitter remote control adds an extra layer of convenience,
allowing operators to remotely command the Solar Car's movements,
ensuring prompt assistance whenever and wherever needed.
In essence, the Wireless Charging Solar Car embodies the spirit of
innovation and sustainability. It represents a bold step towards a future
where renewable energy powers our vehicles, reducing emissions and
preserving our planet for generations to come.
 Solar Car Details

A solar car is a solar vehicle for use on public roads or race tracks.
Solar vehicles are electric vehicles that use self contained solar cells to
power themselves from sunlight. Solar vehicles typically contain
a rechargeable battery to help regulate and store the energy from the
solar cells and capture kinetic energy from the vehicle during braking.
Some solar cars can be plugged into external power sources to
supplement the power of sunlight used to charge their battery.

Solar cars combine technology typically used in

the aerospace, bicycle, alternative energy and automotive industries.
The design of solar vehicles always emphasizes energy efficiency to
make maximum use of the limited amount of energy they can receive
from sunlight. Most solar cars have been built for the purpose of solar
car races. Solar cars depend on a solar array that uses photovoltaic
cells (PV cells) to convert sunlight into electricity. PV cells are made
of semiconductor materials such as silicon and alloys of indium,
gallium and nitrogen. Crystalline silicon is the most common material
used and has an efficiency rate of 15-25%.
Block Diagram
Circuit Diagram
 Future Scope of Solar-Powered Wireless
Charging System for Electric Vehicles

The Solar-Powered Wireless Charging System for Electric Vehicles

you have developed presents an innovative solution that aligns with
the growing need for sustainable transportation. Here are some key
future scopes for your project:

1. Advancements in Solar Technology: As solar technology

continues to advance, the efficiency and output of solar panels are
likely to improve.

2. Smart Grid Integration: Introducing smart grid technologies that

enable bidirectional energy flow between the vehicle and the grid can
be explored.

3. Integration with IoT and AI: IoT sensors can provide real-time
data on sunlight intensity, battery status, and vehicle performance. AI
algorithms can optimize charging patterns based on historical data and
weather forecasts, ensuring efficient use of solar energy.

4. Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Technology: Exploring Vehicle-to-Grid

(V2G) technology allows electric vehicles, including solar cars, to
interact with the grid. Implementing V2G capabilities could make your
solar car a valuable asset in the context of grid management.

5. Autonomous and Semi-Autonomous Capabilities: Autonomous

driving can optimize the vehicle's route to maximize exposure to
sunlight, while self-parking capabilities can position the car optimally
for solar charging when not in use.
Hardware Specifications: - Main Components Working Name

SN Component

1 Solar Penal

2 RC Transmitter and Receiver

3 BO Motor 60 RPM

4 LED Bulb

5 Magnet Wire

6 Motor Wheel

7 Battery 4.5V

8 PCB

9 Jack Pin Male and Female

10 Switch

11 IN4007 Diode

12 Wire

13 Jumper Wire Female to Female

14 1.5V Cell

15 1.5V Cell Box

16 Transistor 2N2222A
17 Resistor 100 ohm

18 Resistor 1K Ohm

19 Pillai Board

20 Soldering Machine

21 Soldering Wire

22 Feviquick

23 Add Soldering Powder ( Burada )

24 Motor Driver L298

25 Plastic Toy Car

Solar Penal

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 What are solar panels?

Solar panels are devices that allow for the input of

sunlight, and convert this sunlight into electricity. The
shape of solar panels can vary in different rectangular
shape and a combination of these rectangular shaped
panels are installed and used to produce the electricity. The
solar panel consists of solar cells which are semiconductor
devices that change the sunlight into electricity or direct
current. The cells make up a module. The PV photovoltaic
modules comprise of photovoltaic cell circuits that are
enclosed and "sealed in an environmentally protective
laminate". The solar panel includes from one or more "PV
modules assembled as a pre-wired, field-installable unit".
The PV Array is the full unit that generates the power and
includes all the elements just discussed.

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 Resistor

INTRODUCTION:

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component

that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. In
electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow,
adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active
elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other
uses. High-power resistors that can dissipate many watts of
electrical power as heat may be used as part of motor
controls, in power distribution systems, or as test loads for
generators, Fixed resistors have resistors have resistances
that only change slightly with temperature, time or
operating

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 Battery

Working Principle:

When the battery is connected to a charging source, such as

a charger or a solar panel, electrical energy is supplied to
the battery, initiating the electrochemical reactions that
store energy.
When the battery is connected to an external device for
discharging, the stored energy is released as electrical
current flows through the circuit, powering the device.
The cycle of charging and discharging can be repeated
multiple times, allowing the battery to be reused.

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 LED Bulb

Introduction Of LED
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-
lead semiconductor light source. It is a p–n
junction diode that emits light when activated. When a
suitable current is applied to the leads, electrons are able to
recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing
energy in the form of photons. This effect is
called electroluminescence, and the color of the light

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(corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined
by the energy band gap of the semiconductor. LEDs are
typically small (less than 1 mm2) and integrated optical
components may be used to shape the radiation pattern.

Appearing as practical electronic components in 1962, the

earliest LEDs emitted low-intensity infrared light. Infrared
LEDs are still frequently used as transmitting elements in
remote-control circuits, such as those in remote controls for
a wide variety of consumer electronics.

Motor Driver: L298N

----

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Overview: The L298N is a dual H-bridge motor driver
integrated circuit (IC) commonly used in robotics and
motor control applications. It provides an easy and efficient
way to control the speed and direction of two DC motors
independently. The L298N can drive motors with voltages
up to 46V and currents up to 2A per channel, making it
suitable for a wide range of motor types and sizes.

Pinout: The L298N typically comes in a multi-lead

package (such as a TO-220 or Multiwatt15), with the
following pinout:

 Vs (Supply Voltage): This pin is connected to the

external power supply (typically the motor voltage),
which can range from 5V to 46V.
 GND (Ground): Ground reference for the motor
driver.
 EN (Enable): Enable pin for the motor driver. When
this pin is high (usually connected to the Arduino's
PWM pin), the motor is enabled; when low, the motor
is disabled.

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  IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4: These pins control the direction
of the motors. By configuring the logic levels of these
pins, you can control the direction of rotation
(forward, reverse) for each motor.
 OUT1, OUT2, OUT3, OUT4: These pins are the
outputs for connecting the motors.

Usage: To use the L298N motor driver in your project, you

would typically:

 Connect the motor power supply (Vs) to the L298N's

supply voltage pin.
 Connect the grounds (GND) of the motor power
supply, Arduino, and L298N together.
 Connect the control inputs (IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4) to the
Arduino's digital output pins to control the motor
direction.
 Connect the enable pins (EN) to PWM-capable pins
on the Arduino for speed control (optional).
 Connect the motor terminals to the output pins
(OUT1, OUT2, OUT3, OUT4) of the L298N.

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 Gear Motor

Introduction of Gearbox:

 In gear motors, a gearbox is attached to the motor

shaft. The gearbox contains multiple gears of different
sizes arranged in specific configurations.
 The primary purpose of the gearbox is to trade-off
between rotational speed (RPM) and torque. It
achieves this by transmitting the motor's high-speed,
low-torque output to a lower-speed, higher-torque
output.
 Gear motors commonly use gear trains such as spur
gears, planetary gears, or worm gears to achieve the
desired speed and torque characteristics.

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 Diodes

The most common function of a diode is to allow an

electric current to pass in one direction
(called the diode's forward direction), while blocking
current in the opposite direction (the
reverse direction). Thus, the diode can be viewed as an
electronic version of a check valve. This unidirectional
behavior is called rectification, and is used to convert
alternating current to direct current,
including extraction of modulation from radio signals in
radio receivers—these diodes are forms of rectifiers.
Anode Cathode
P-N Junction Diodes:

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A diode is an electronics component made from a
combination of a P-type and N-type semiconductor
material, known as a p-n junction, with leads attached to
the two ends.

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PCB Plate
A printed circuit board (PCB) mechanically supports and
electrically connects electronic
components using conductive tracks, pads and other
features etched from copper sheets laminated onto a non-
conductive substrate. Components
(e.g. capacitors, resistors or active devices) are
generally soldered on the PCB. Advanced PCBs may
contain components embedded in the substrate.

PCBs can be single sided (one copper layer), double

sided (two copper layers) or multi-layer (outer and inner
layers). Conductors on different layers are connected
with vias. Multi-layer PCBs allow for much higher
component density.

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 Transmitter and Receiver
The transmitter sends a control signal to the receiver using
radio waves

Circuit Details
 Simple 2CH radio transmitter and receiver kit
designed for handmade RC vehicles projects
 On-board 2 momentary push button to control the
motor movement direction
 Working Voltage: DC 3-4.5V, Communication
Distance: 10meter/33ft

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10 CORE WIRE

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 Flex Kwik

SOLDERING MACHINE

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Advantages

1. Emergency Assistance:
 Provides immediate assistance to electric vehicle

(EV) owners in emergency situations where their

batteries are depleted, akin to calling for roadside
assistance or an ambulance.
2. Enhanced Mobility and Convenience:
 Improves the mobility and convenience of EVs

by extending their range and accessibility through

a network of roaming Wireless Charging Solar
Cars.
3. Sustainable Energy Utilization:
 Harnesses renewable solar energy to power the

charging process, aligning with sustainability

goals and reducing dependence on non-renewable
energy sources.
4. Efficient and Contactless Charging:
 Utilizes wireless power transfer technology to

charge EV batteries without the need for physical

cables or connectors, offering a convenient and
contactless charging experience.
5. Scalability and Accessibility:
 Offers a scalable solution that can be deployed

across various regions.

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 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the Wireless Charging Solar Car project
represents a significant step towards revolutionizing the
electric vehicle (EV) industry and advancing sustainable
transportation solutions. Through the integration of
wireless power transfer technology, solar energy utilization,
and remote-controlled vehicle systems, this project offers a
novel approach to addressing the challenges faced by EV
owners, particularly in emergency situations where battery
depletion occurs unexpectedly.
By envisioning the Wireless Charging Solar Car as a
beacon of assistance, akin to calling for emergency services
like ambulances, this project aims to alleviate the anxiety
and inconvenience associated with stranded EVs. The
concept of summoning a roaming Solar Car to provide on-
the-go charging services not only enhances the mobility
and convenience of EVs but also promotes confidence and
adoption of electric vehicles among consumers.

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 Reference
1. Academic Papers or Journals:
 Author(s). (Year). Title of the paper. Journal Name, Volume(Issue),
Page range. DOI or URL if available.
 Example: Smith, J., & Johnson, A. (2023). Wireless Charging
Solutions for Electric Vehicles. Sustainable Transportation Journal,
5(2), 123-135. doi:10.1234/stj.2023.001
2. Books:
 Author(s). (Year). Title of the book. Publisher.
 Example: Brown, R., & Green, S. (2022). Sustainable Transportation:
Innovations and Challenges. ABC Publishers.
3. Online Resources or Websites:
 Author(s) or Organization Name. (Year). Title of the webpage or
article. Website Name. URL.
 Example: Electric Vehicle Association. (2023). Advantages of
Wireless Charging for Electric Vehicles. EVWorld.
https://www.evworld.com/article/wireless-charging-advantages
4. Conference Proceedings:
 Author(s). (Year). Title of the paper. In Proceedings of the
Conference Name (pp. Page range). Publisher.
 Example: Johnson, C., & White, D. (2024). Wireless Power Transfer
for Electric Vehicles: A Review. In Proceedings of the International
Conference on Sustainable Transportation (pp. 45-56). Springer.
5. News Articles or Press Releases:
 Author(s) or Organization Name. (Year, Month Day). Title of the
article. Publication Name. URL.
 Example: GreenTech News. (2023, April 15). "New Wireless Charging
Technology for Electric Vehicles Unveiled." GreenTech Times.
https://www.greentechtimes.com/new-wireless-charging-
technology-evs/

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