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Exam2 IndexCard

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LJ IDANE ARANAS
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22 views6 pages

Exam2 IndexCard

Uploaded by

LJ IDANE ARANAS
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Axially Introduction

Loaded  Structural members subjected


to axial compressive loads are
Compression often called by names
identifying their functions. Of
Members these, the best-known are
columns, the main vertical
compression members in a
building frame. Other
common compression
members include chords in
trusses and bracing members
in frames.

Introduction Introduction
 For building columns, W
shape having nominal
depths of 350 mm or less  Built-up sections
are commonly used. These are needed in
sections, being rather large structures for
square in shape, are more very heavy loads
that cannot be
efficient than others for supported by
carrying compressive loads. individual rolled
(Deeper sections are more shapes.
efficient as beams).
Intermediate
Long Columns Columns
 Long columns fail by
buckling at stress levels that  For intermediate columns,
are below the elastic limit some of the fibers will reach
of the column material, The the yield stress and some
Euler formula predicts very will not. The members will
well the strength of long fail by both yielding and
columns where the axial buckling, and their
buckling stress remains behavior is said to be
below the proportional limit. inelastic. Most columns fall
Such columns will buckle
elastically. into this range

Euler’s Column Euler’s Column


Buckling Theory Buckling Theory
 When a column is
 Column design and analysis loaded to the
are based on the Euler buckling load or
buckling load theory Euler load, a
(Leonard Euler, 1757). His column will fail by
analysis is based on the sudden buckling
or bending.
differential equation of the
elastic curve. However,  If the column is
specific factors of safety hinged at both
and slenderness ratio ends, the Euler
critical load is
limitations are applied from given as:
purely theoretical concepts.
Slenderness Ratio
Unstiffened Unstiffened
Elements Elements

Unstiffened Unstiffened
Elements Elements
 The effects of eccentricity on
 Single-angle compression single angle members are
members, often encountered in permitted to be neglected
trusses, are often loaded with when the members are
evaluated as axially loaded
large eccentricities.
compression members using
 The nominal compressive one of the effective slenderness
Single Angle strength, Pn, of single angle Single Angle ratios specified below provided
members shall be determined in that:
Compression accordance with Section 505.3 Compression  (1) members are loaded at the
Members or Section 505.7, as appropriate
for axially loaded members, as
Members ends in compression through the
same one leg;
well as those subject to the  (2) members are attached by
Slenderness modification, welding or by minimum two-bolt
provided the members meet the connections; and
criteria imposed.  (3) there are no intermediate
transverse loads.

Single Angle Single Angle


Compression Compression
Members
Members
Slender Slender
Unstiffened Unstiffened
Elements, Qs Elements, Qs

The reduction factor The reduction factor


Qs for slender Qs for slender
unstiffened elements is unstiffened elements is
defined as follows: defined as follows:
3. For single angles: 4. For Stem of Tees:
where: where:
b = full width of b = full width of
longest angle leg, mm longest angle leg, mm

Slender Stiffened Elements, Qa


Slender
 The reduction factor, Qa for slender stiffened Stiffened
elements is defined as follows:
where:
Elements,
A = total cross-sectional area of member, mm2 Qa
Aeff = summation of the effective areas of the
cross section based on the reduced effective
width, be, mm2
The reduced effective
width, be, is determined
as follows:

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