“Obstacles are those frightful things you can

see when you take your eyes off your goal."

…Henry Ford

1
CHAPTER

Simple Mechanisms and

Machines

Level-1 Which of the segments given above is/are

correct?
1. In a planer mechanism a higher pair is (A) 1 only (B) 2 only
equivalent to (C) Both 1 and 2 (D) Neither 1 nor 2
(A) One binary link and one revolute pair
(B) Two binary link and two revolute pair 6. The Whitworth quick return mechanism is
(C) One binary link and two revolute pair formed in a slider-crank chain when the
(D) None of the above (A) coupler link is fixed
(B) longest link is a fixed link
2. Oldham’s coupling is the inversion of (C) slider is a fixed link
(A) four bar mechanism (D) smallest link is a fixed link
(B) crank and lever mechanism
(C) single slider crank mechanism 7. In a shaping operation, the average cutting
(D) double slider crank mechanism speed is (Stroke length S, Number of strokes
per minute N, Quick return ratio R) (R < 1)
3. If two parallel shafts are to be connected and (A) NSR (B) NSR/2
the distance between the axes of shafts is (C) NS(1 + R) (D) NS(1 + R)/2
small and variable, then one would need to
use 8. The four bar mechanism shown in the figure
(A) a clutch (Given: OA = 3 cm, AB = 5 cm, BC = 6 cm,
(B) a universal joint OC = 7 cm) is a
(C) an Oldham’s coupling B
(D) a knuckle joint
A
4. A point on a connecting line (excluding centre
points) of a double slider crank mechanism
traces a O C
(A) straight line path (A) double crank mechanism
(B) hyperbolic path (B) double rocker mechanism
(C) parabolic path (C) crank rocker mechanism
(D) elliptical path (D) single slider mechanism

5. Consider the following statements: 9. For L number of links in a mechanism, the

1. In a kinematic inversion, the relative number of possible inversions is equal to
motions between links of the mechanism (A) L − 2 (B) L − 1
change as different links are made the (C) L (D) L + 1
frame by turns
2. An elliptical trammel is a mechanism 10. Consider the following statements in respect
with three prismatic pairs and one of four bar mechanism
revolute pair

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 Simple Mechanisms and Machines
1. It is possible to have the length of one (C) 2 and 3 are correct
link greater than the sum of lengths of (D) 1, 2 and 3 are correct
the other three links
2. If the sum of the lengths of the shortest 15. A Hook’s joint is used to connect two:
and the longest links is less than the sum (A) Coplanar and non-parallel shafts
of lengths of the other two, it is known as (B) Non-coplanar and non-parallel shafts
Grashof linkage (C) Coplanar and parallel shafts
3. It is possible to have the sum of the (D) Non-coplanar and parallel shafts
lengths of the shortest and the longest
links greater than that of the remaining 16. Minimum number of links required to form a
two links Planer mechanism
(A) 1, 2 and 3 (B) 2 and 3 (A) 2 (B) 3
(C) 2 only (D) 3 only (C) 4 (D) 5

11. In a four-link kinematic chain, the relation 17. Which of the following is a lower pair?
between the number of links (L) and number (A) Ball and socket
of pairs (j) is (B) Piston and cylinder
(A) L = 2j + 4 (B) L = 2j − 4 (C) Cam and flower
(C) L = 4j + 2 (D) L = 4j − 2 (D) (A) and (B) above

12. The given figure shows a/an 18. The example of rolling Pair is
(A) bolt and nut
(B) lead screw of a lathe
(C) ball and socket joint
(D) ball bearing and roller bearing

19. If some links are connected such that motion

between them can take place in more than one
(A) locked chain direction, it is called
(B) constrained kinematic chain (A) incompletely constrained motion
(C) unconstrained kinematic chain (B) partially constrained motion
(D) mechanism (C) completely constrained motion
(D) successfully constrained motion
13. The connection between the piston and
cylinder in a reciprocating engine 20. Kinematic pair between belt and pulley drive
corresponding to is a
(A) completely constrained kinematic pair (A) Lower pair (B) Higher pair
(B) incompletely constrained kinematic pair (C) Screw pair (D) Spherical pair
(C) successfully constrained kinematic pair
(D) single link Level-2

14. Consider the following statements 1. Figure shows a four bar chain and the number
1. A round bar in a round hole form a indicates the respective link lengths in cm.
turning pair The type of the mechanism is known as
2. A square bar in a square hole forms a
sliding pair 10
3. A vertical shaft in a footstep bearing
forms a successful constraint. Out of
9
these statements
8
(A) 1 and 2 are correct
(B) 1 and 3 are correct 5

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 Simple Mechanisms and Machines
(A) Slider crank (B) Double crank
(C) Crank rocker (D) Double rocker

2. Match List-I (Principle/Method) with List-II

(Corresponding Application) and select the
correct answer using the code given below the
lists. (A) 1 (B) 2
List-I List-II (C) 3 (D) 0
a. Klein’s 1. Instantaneous
construction centers in linkages 6. The double slider-crank chain is shown below
b. Kennedy’s 2. Relative in the diagram in its three possible inversions.
theorem acceleration of The link shown hatched is the fixed link
linkages
c. D’Alembert’s 3. Mobility of linkages
principle
d. Grubler’s rule 4. Dynamic forces in (1)
linkage
Codes:
a b c d
(A) 4 1 2 3
(B) 2 3 4 1
(C) 4 3 2 1
(D) 2 1 4 3
(2)
3. The degrees of freedom for the Kinematic
chain shown in the figure is

(3)
(A) 2 (B) 3
(C) 4 (D) 5

4. In the mechanism shown in figure, a, b, c, d are

Which of the following statements is correct?
link lengths and they satisfy the equation
(A) Inversion (1) is for ellipse trammel and
a + b < c + d, b + c > a + d, b + d > 2a.
inversion (2) is for Oldham coupling
Member ‘c’ is neither smaller nor longer. The
(B) Inversion (1) is for ellipse trammel and
mechanism is of the type
inversion (3) is for Oldham coupling
c (C) Inversion (2) is for ellipse trammel and
d inversion (3) is for Oldham coupling
(D) Inversion (3) is for ellipse trammel and
b inversion (2) is for Oldham coupling

a 7. In a parallelogram type four-bar mechanism,

(A) Crank-Crank (B) Crank-Rocker the motion of the coupler is
(C) Rocker-Crank (D) Rocker-Rocker (A) pure rotational
(B) pure translational
5. The degrees of freedom for the planar linkage (C) Both A and B
shown in figure below is (D) Neither A nor B

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 Simple Mechanisms and Machines
8. Which one of the following “Kinematic pairs” Codes:
has 3 degrees of freedom between the pairing a b c d
elements (A) 1 4 3 2
(A) (B) (B) 1 12 3 4
1 (C) 2 3 4 1
1 (D) 3 2 1 4
2 2 11. ABCD is a mechanism with link lengths
AB = 200, BC = 300, CD = 400 and DA = 350.
Which one of the following links should be
(C) (D) fixed for the resulting mechanism to be a
double crank mechanism? (All lengths are in
mm)
1 (A) AB (B) BC
1
2 (C) CD (D) DA
2

12. In a crank and slotted lever quick-return

mechanism, the distance between the fixed
9. Degree of restraints for a cylindrical pair is centers is 250 mm and the length of the
(A) 2 (B) 3 driving crank is 120 mm. What is the
(C) 4 (D) 5 inclination of the slotted lever with the
vertical in the extreme position and the ratio
10. Match List-I (Kinematic inversions) List-II of time of cutting stroke to return stroke?
(Applications) and select the correct answer D1 D
using the codes given below the lists
List-I
a. α

B1 C β/2 B

b.
A
(A) 26.68°, 1.93 (B) 31.42°, 2.01
(C) 57.37°, 1.93 (D) 61.84°, 2.01

c. 13. The number of degrees of freedom of a seven

link planar mechanism with six revolute pairs
and one higher pair is
(A) 4 (B) 3
(C) 5 (D) 1
d.
14. The minimum transmission angle for the
figure shown below is __________ degree.
C
3
D
List-II 11
1. Hand pump
2. Compressor 6
3. Whitworth quick return mechanism
4. Oscillating Cylinder Engine A B
7

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 Simple Mechanisms and Machines
15. The kinematic chain shown in the figure is a (B) reciprocating engine
(C) quick return
(D) oscillating cylinder

19. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct

answer using the codes given below the lists:
List-I List-II
(A) structure a. 4 links, 4 turning 1. Complete
(B) mechanism with one degree of freedom pairs constraint
(C) mechanism with two degrees of freedom b. 3 links, 3 turning 2. Successful
(D) mechanism with more than two degrees pairs constraint
of freedom c. 5 links, 5 turning 3. Rigid frame
pairs
16. A mechanism is shown in the figure below. d. Footstep bearing 4. Incomplete
The wheel rolls without slipping at point A on constraint
the wall. The mobility of the mechanism is Codes:
___________. a b c d
(A) 3 1 4 2
(B) 1 3 2 4
(C) 3 1 2 4
(D) 1 3 4 2

20. The crank and slotted lever mechanism is

shown in figure. The length of the links O1 O2 ,
O1 C and O2 A are 10 cm, 20 cm and 5 cm
respectively. The stroke length of the
mechanism is
C
A
5
17. A round bar passes through the cylindrical O2
hole in B as shown in the given figure. Which
one of the following statements is correct in 20
10
this regard?

O1
(A) 200 cm (B) 20 cm
(C) 10 cm (D) 100 cm
B
Level-3
A
1. A linkage is shown below in the figure in
(A) The two links shown form a kinematic which links ABC and DEF are ternary links
pair whereas AF, BE and CD are binary links
(B) The pair is completely constrained F D
(C) The pair has incomplete constraint
(D) The pair is successfully constrained
E
B
18. In a single slider four-bar linkage when the
slider is fixed, it form a mechanism of
(A) hand pump A C

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 Simple Mechanisms and Machines
The degrees of freedom of the linkage when (C) Watt’s mechanism
link ABC is fixed are (D) Beam engine mechanism
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) 3 5. ABCD is a four bar mechanism. ABCD will be a
Crank-Crank mechanism. Length of fixed link
2. The number of degree of freedom for the AD is
mechanism shown in figure is C
50
Ground B
Sliding
full joint
40 45
8
7 6
A D
Ground
5 (A) greater than 40
(B) greater than 35
Multiple
joint (C) equal to 35
3 (D) less than or equal to 35
ω 4
2 6. In a four bar mechanism the lengths of the
Ground fixed link, input link, coupler and output link
Ground (link 1) are 20 cm, 30 cm, 30 cm and 40 cm
(A) 1 (B) 2 respectively. What is the maximum
(C) 3 (D) 4 transmission angle for the mechanism in
degrees?
3. Degree of freedom for the mechanism shown
in the figure below is 7. In the mechanism show below, link 3 has
Roller
3
Cam 2
Follower
4
5
1
O2 O4
(A) curvilinear translation and all points in it
trace out identical cycloids
(A) 0 (B) 1 (B) curvilinear translation and all points in it
(C) 2 (D) 3 trace out identical involutes
(C) linear translation & all points in it trace
4. The mechanism shown in the given figure out identical helices
represents (D) linear translation & all points in it trace
out identical ellipses

8. An offset slider crank mechanism is shown in

figure at an instant. The value of quick return
ratio (QRR) for the mechanism is

30mm 70cm

20cm

(A) Hart’s mechanism (A) 0.8 (B) 1.12

(B) Toggle mechanism (C) 1.22 (D) 1.42

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 Simple Mechanisms and Machines
9. The crank of the mechanism shown below in 1.
the diagram rotates at a uniform angular
velocity θ

2.

Which of the following diagram shows the

velocity of slider ẋ with respect to the crank
angle? 3.
(A) ẋ

(B) ẋ

4.

(C) ẋ

(A) 3 and 4 (B) 2 and 3

(C) 3 only (D) 4 only

(D) None of these 11. In a crank and slotted lever quick return
motion mechanism, the distance between the
10. Which of the mechanisms shown above fixed centers is 160 mm and the driving crank
do/does not have single degree of freedom? is 80 mm long. The ratio of time taken by
cutting and return stroke is
(A) 0.5 (B) 1
(C) 1.5 (D) 2

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 Simple Mechanisms and Machines
12. What is the number of degrees of freedom of 15. The degrees of freedom for the mechanism
mechanism shown in figure? below is

Slider

(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 4
(A) 4 (B) 3
13. What is the mobility of the given mechanism? (C) 2 (D) 1

16. A single slider crank mechanism with offset of

6 mm is shown in figure below. The maximum
value of transmission angle is ____________.
60 mm
25 mm

(A) −2 (B) 2 θ 6 mm
(C) −1 (D) 1

14. A mechanism is shown in the figure below.

The mobility of the mechanism is 17. Consider the following mechanism with three
rollers. The curve traced by point P is a ellipse.
If the origin (O) of the co-ordinate system is at
point 2 units above the print ‘Q’ then equation
of ellipse formed is
y

O
A x
Cylinders roll
without slipping Q

P
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) 3 AB = 5 units
BP = 4 units

(A) 81x 2 + 16(y − 2)2 = 1296

(B) 16x 2 + 81(y − 2)2 = 1296
(C) 81x 2 + 16(y + 2)2 = 1296
(D) 16x 2 + 18(y + 2)2 = 1296

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 Simple Mechanisms and Machines
18. In a four bar mechanism the four links are
designated as a, b, c, d. Their lengths follows
the relationship a + b = c and a − b = d. The
link ‘b’ is opposite to ‘d’ and neither of them is
fixed. The mechanism may be of the type
(A) Crank-Rocker
(B) Rocker-Rocker
(C) Either (A) or (B)
(D) Neither (A) nor (B)

19. What will be the degree of freedom of the

mechanisms shown in figure below

Trunnion Joint

(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) 3

20. The effective degrees of freedom for the

mechanism shown in the figure is __________

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 Simple Mechanisms and Machines
11. [Ans. B]
Answer keys and Solutions
12. [Ans. C]
Level-1 Here l = 5, j = 5 and p = 5
Condition-1,
1. [Ans. C] l = 2p − 4
One higher pair can be replaced with the help 5=2×5−4=6
of one binary link and two revolute pair. This i. e. L. H. S < R. H. S
can be understood with the help of the Condition-2,
example shown below. 3
j= l−2
2
1 2 3 3
≊ 5 = × 5 − 4 = 5.5
1
2
2 3 4
i. e. L. H. S < R. H. S
Mechanism with Mechanism with lower Here, L. H. S < R. H. S
Higher pair only So it is not a kinematic chain, such a type of
pair
chain is called unconstrained chain i.e. relative
2. [Ans. D] motion is not completely constrained.

3. [Ans. C] 13. [Ans. C]

4. [Ans. D] 14. [Ans. C]

5. [Ans. D] 15. [Ans. B]

Through the process of inversion the relative A Hooke’s joint is used to connect two shafts,
motions between the various links is not which are intersecting at a small angle.
changed in any manner but their absolute
motions may be changed drastically. 16. [Ans. B]
Elliptical trammels have two sliding pairs and Cam follower mechanism is an example of
two turning pairs. It is an instruments used for mechanism made up of with three links.
drawing ellipse.
17. [Ans. D]
6. [Ans. D]
18. [Ans. D]
7. [Ans. C]
Time for forward stroke = Tf 19. [Ans. A]
Time for return stroke = Tr
Tr 20. [Ans. B]
Quick Return Ratio, R =
Tf
∴ Time for only one cutting stroke (T) Level-2
1 Tf
= ×
N (Tf + Tr ) 1. [Ans. B]
∴ Average cutting speed
double ­ crank
S (Tf + Tr )
= = SN = SN(1 + R) 10
T Tf

8. [Ans. C]
9
9. [Ans. C] 8
5
10. [Ans. B]
Length of shortest link = 5 cm

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 Simple Mechanisms and Machines
Length of longest link = 10 cm Since, c is neither the shortest nor the longest
s+l ≤p+q and a < c
5 + 10 ≤ 8 + 9 ∴ a is not the longest link
So, here the sum of the shortest and the Now we consider two cases.
longest links is less than the sum of the other Case-I:
two links. Also, the shortest link is fixed. Link ‘a’ is not the shortest link and either b or
Hence, this mechanism is double crank d is the shortest link.
mechanism. Let’s say ‘b’ is the shortest link and d is the
longest link.
2. [Ans. D] Then, s = b, l = d, p = c and q = a
Klein’s construction: Relative acceleration of In this case the given inequalities are not
linkages. satisfied.
Kennedy’s theorem: Instantaneous centers Similarly when we take ‘d’ as the shortest link
in linkages. all inequalities are not satisfied
D’Alembert’s principle: Dynamic forces Case-II:
principle in linkages. We take link ‘a’ as the shortest link. In this
Grubler’s rule: Mobility of linkages. case all the inequalities are satisfied. Hence,
the mechanism is crank-crank.
3. [Ans. D]
4 5. [Ans. B]
3 3 4
5
8 5
7 7
2 6 2
9 6
1
N = 7, j = 8, h = 0
F = 3N − 2j − h 1 1 1
F = 3 × 7 − 2 × 8 = 21 − 16 = 5 From Grubler’s criteria
F = 3(N − 1) − 2j − h
4. [Ans. A] Where N = Number of links,
j = Number of lower pair,
c
h = Number of higher pair.
d N=9, j=11, h=0
F = 3(N − 1) − 2j − h
b = 3(9 − 1) − 2 × 11 − 0 = 24 − 22 = 2

a 6. [Ans. A]
1.
Given:
c +d > a + b ⋯①
c +b > a + d ⋯②
b + d > 2a ⋯ ③ → Elliptical trammel
c is neither smaller nor longer
From inequality ① and ②
So, c + d > a + b
c+b >a+d
Adding ① & ②
2c + d + b > 2a + b + d
∴ 2c > 2a
∴ c > a ⋯①

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 Simple Mechanisms and Machines
2. =6−2= 4

10. [Ans. C]
→ Oldham coupling Kinematic inversion Applications
1. Frame is fixed Compressor
2. Crank is fixed Whitworth quick
return mechanism
3. Connecting rod Oscillating cylinder
3.
is fixed engine
4. Slider is fixed Hand pump

→ Scotch yoke
11. [Ans. A]
For the resulting mechanism to be a double
crank mechanism shortest link should be fixed
(AB).
400 C
D
7. [Ans. B]
Parallelogram 4-bar mechanism
B(2, 3) C(3, 4)
3
350 300

2 4

A B
200
1
A(1, 2) D(4, 1) AB + DA < DC + BC
BC is coupler in parallelogram link AB and BC ∴ DA is crank
have same speed at all instants and AB + BC < DA + DC
Let angular velocity of BC be ω3 ∴ BC is crank
ω2 (I23 I12 ) = ω3 (I23 I13 )
Lies at infinity 12. [Ans. A]
I23 I13 = ∞ AC = 250 mm
ω2 I23 I12 CB = 120 mm
ω3 = =0
I23 I13 β CB 120 β
cos ( ) = = = 0.48 ; = 61.31
∴ Link 3 i.e., BC undergoes pure translation. 2 AC 250 2
time of cutting stroke α 237.37°
= = = 1.9356
8. [Ans. D] time of return stroke β 122.62°
(A) Has only one DOF i.e. rotational Inclination of slotted lever with the vertical in
(B) Has only one DOF i.e. translation about z- extreme position.
axis β
= 90° − = 28.68°
(C) Has only two DOF i.e. rotation and 2
translation
13. [Ans. C]
9. [Ans. C] Grubler’s equation
A pair between the two links is said to be F = 3(N − 1) − 2P1 − P2
cylindrical pair if the links have one F = degrees of freedom
independent translational relative motion and N = total number of links in a mechanism
one independent rotational relative motion. P1 = number of pairs having one degree of
So the degree of freedom of cylindrical pair is freedom
two. P2 = number of pairs having two degree of
Degree of restraints of a kinematic pair freedom (Higher pairs)
= 6– degree of freedom of pair

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 Simple Mechanisms and Machines
Mechanism have 6 joint pairs which have one 16. [Ans. *]Range: 1 to 1
degree of freedom = (P1 ) = 6
Class II pairs (P2 ) = 1
Number of links N = 7 4
A 1
∴ F = 3(7 − 1) − 2 × 6 − 1 = 5

14. [Ans. *]Range: 38 to 40 3

Since l = 11, S = 3, P = 6, q = 7
11 + 3 > 6 + 7, hence it doesn’t satisfy
Grashof criteria so it is double rocker 2 5
mechanism.
Minimum transmission angle is when angle at
D becomes 180°
C 1 1
From Kutzbach equation,
3 μ F = 3(N − 1) − 2j − h
D 11 N = 5, j = 5, h = 1
F = 3(5 − 1) − 2 × 5 − 1
6 = 3 × 4 − 10 − 1
=1
Note:
A B
7  Wheel rolling without slipping at point A
a = 6, b = 3, c = 11, d = 7 on the wall is considered single degree of
For triangle shown freedom joint and joint between link 1 and
d2 = (a + b)2 + c 2 − 2(a + b)c cos μ 5 is considered as 2 degree of freedom
72 = (6 + 3)2 + 112 − 2(6 + 3) × 11 × cos μ joint.
(6 + 3)2 + 112 − 72  Joint between link 2, 3 and 5 is a ternary
cos μ = = 0.7727
2 × 9 × 11 joint. One ternary joint is equal to two
μmin = 39.4° binary joints.

15. [Ans. B] 17. [Ans. C]

1
2 A round bar in a cylindrical hole can revolve
4 6
9 7 as well as reciprocate. Therefore, the pair is
10 3 8 incompletely constrained i.e. relative motion
5
is possible more than one direction.
Number of links N = 10 A rectangular bar in a rectangular hole can
Number of binary joints P1 = 13, only reciprocate. Therefore, the pair is
Higher pair P2 = 0 completely constrained i.e. relative motion is
D ∙ O ∙ F = 3(N − 1) − 2P1 − P2 possible in only one direction.
= 3(10 − 1) − 2 × 13 − 0 Foot step bearing in a shaft is an example of
= 27 − 26 = 1 successfully constrained motion. i.e. the
So this is mechanism with one degree of motion is made constrained with some
freedom. external force.

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 Simple Mechanisms and Machines
18. [Ans. A] 3. [Ans. B]
Hand Pump, it is the fourth inversion of slider Roller
crank chain when slider is fixed 3
Cam
2 Follower
2
4
2
O2 O4
1 1 1
3 3 No of links, n = 4
1 No of joints, J1 = 3 (all class 1 pairs)
J2 = Number of higher pairs = 1
4 Fr = redundant degrees of freedom
Here, there is a redundant degree of freedom,
i.e., the roller (3) can be rotated about the
19. [Ans. D] revolute pair without transferring motion to
If l = (2p − 4) → Complete constraint chain either link 2 or link 4.
l > (2p − 4) → Rigid frame or locked chain ∴ Fr = 1
l < (2p − 4) → Incomplete constraint chain Effective No of degree of freedom
= 3(n − 1) − 2J1 − J2 − Fr
20. [Ans. B] = 3(4 − 1) − 2 × 3 − 1 − 1
Stroke length =1
2 × lower length × crank length
=
fixed link length
4. [Ans. B]
2 × 20 × 5 200
= =
10 10
5. [Ans. D]
= 20 cm
Crank-crank mechanism is possible in
Grasshof’s linkage, when shortest link is fixed.
Level-3
As per Grasshof’s law
l = 50 C
1. [Ans. A]
B
3

P = 40 Q = 45
3 3
A D
2 4 5 s
s + l ≤ P + Q⋯①
1 1 ∵ Here fixed link will be shortest for
{ }
Crank­Crank mechanism
1 So, l = 50, P = 40, Q = 45
N=5 Put these value in equation ①
P1 = 6 s + 50 ≤ 40 + 45
F ∴ = 3(N − 1) − 2P1 s ≤ 85 − 50
=3×4−2×6 =0 s ≤ 35

2. [Ans. A] 6. [Ans. *]Range: 90 to 90

F = 3(N − 1) − 2j − j Refer the figure for the mechanism position
N = 8, j = 10, h = 0 corresponding to the mechanism transmission
F = 3 × 7 − 2 × 10 = 1 Angle.
F=1

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 Simple Mechanisms and Machines

γmax
30 40 θ
80
β
30 20
160
7. [Ans. A]

8. [Ans. C]
A β 80 1
cos = =
2 160 2
O β = 120°
θ θ = 240°
α1 A′
θ time taken by cutting stroke
α2 Hence, =
20cm β time taken by return stroke
240
= =2
120
C
B B′
12. [Ans. C]
180 + θ
QRR = n = 10, j = 12, h = 0, F = 3(n − 1) − 2j − h
180 − θ
= 3(10 − 1) − 2 × 12
in ∆ OBC
OC 20 20 1 =3
cos α1 = = = =
OB (70 − 30) 40 2
13. [Ans. C]
α1 = 60°
n = 6, j = 8, h = 0
in ∆ OB′C
OC 20 DOF = 3(n − 1) − 2j − h
cos α2 = = = 0.2 = 3(6 − 1) − 2 × 8 − 0 = −1
OB′ 70 + 30
α2 = 78.46°
θ = α2 − α1 = 78.46 − 60 = 18.46 14. [Ans. A]
180 + θ 180 + 18.46
QRR = = = 1.22
180 − θ 180 − 18.46
O2 2 O3 3
9. [Ans. B]
Velocity of slider (ẋ ) with respect to the
cranks angle will be uniform simple harmonic
motion.
5 Cylinders roll 4
10. [Ans. D] without slipping
Epicyclic gear train does not have single
O7
degree of freedom because axis of the gear in
gear train is rotating w.r.t some other axis. 6
7
11. [Ans. D]
Number of links, N=7
Number of single degree freedom joints, j=9
80 mm
The point of contact of the two cylinders is
considered as single degree freedom joint
because cylinders roll without slipping.
160 mm F = 3(N − 1) − 2j − h
F = 3(7 − 1) − 2 × 9 − 0 = 0

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 Simple Mechanisms and Machines
15. [Ans. D] 18. [Ans. A]
Given
a+b =c
3 So, we can conclude that c > a, b ⋯ ①
6 LP
2 HP 7 and it is also given that a − b = d
LP LP from above relation we can conclude that
LP LP
4 5 a > b, d ⋯ ②
LP
LP So, from ① & ② we will get either
5 c > a > b > d or c > a > d > b
5 i.e., either b or d may be shortest link. It is also
1 Ground given that b & d are opposite to each other &
neither of them fixed.
LP
So either a, or c will be fixed link, that will be
Number of links = 7 = l adjacent to shortest link i.e., (b or d).
Number of lower pairs = 8 = j So the mechanism inversion will be Crank-
Number of higher pairs = 1 = h Rocker.
DOF = 3(l − 1) − 2j − h
DOF = 3(7 − 1) − 2 × 8 − 1 = 1 19. [Ans. C]
5
16. [Ans. *]Range: 120 to 122 4
For maximum transmission angle, θ = 270°

μmax 6

θ 6 mm

60 mm (180 − μmax )
25 mm
2 3

(25 + 6)
cos(180 − μmax ) =
60
180 − μmax = 58.89 1 1
μmax = 121.11°
No. of links, l = 6
No. of lower pairs, j = 6
17. [Ans. A]
No. of higher pairs, h = 0
Equation of ellipse when origin is at point ‘Q’
No. of redundant motion, Fr = 1
x2 y2
+ =1 Degrees of freedom,
BP 2 AP 2 DOF = 3(l − 1) − 2j − h − Fr
AP = AB + BP = 5 + 4 = 9 units
= 3(6 − 1) − 2(6) − 0 − 1)
BP = 4 units
= 15 − 12 − 1
x2 y2
+ =1 DOF = 2
42 92
When origin is shifted to point (0, 2)
(x − 0)2 (y − 2)2
+ =1
42 92
x 2 (y − 2)2
+ =1
16 81
81x 2 + 16(y − 2)2 = 1296

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 Simple Mechanisms and Machines
20. [Ans. *]Range: 02 to 02
1B
1B
1B
6
7 8
4 1HP
1B 5 ≈
≈
1B

1B 9
2B
3 2 1
1B 1B
No. of links, l = 9
No. of lower pairs (or) binary joints, j = 10
No. of higher pairs, h = 1
No. of redundant motion, Fr = 1
∴ Degree of freedom,
DOF = 3(l − 1) − 2j − h − Fr
= 3(9 − 1) − 2(10) − 1 − 1
= 24 − 20 − 1 − 1
DOF = 2

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