Experiment No: 01

Name of Experiment: To get the familiar with Digital Trainer Kit and study of different
types of logic gate.

Objective:
1. To learn about the features and application of Digital Trainer Kit.
2. To learn about the different types of logic gates and their working principles in Digital
Train Kit.

Theory:
The processing and storing of information in the form of digital signals is the focus of the
field of digital electronics. Unlike analogue signals, digital signals can only have two distinct
values—0 and 1, in real-world applications. vast assemblies of logic gates, which are
frequently implemented utilising vast assemblies of small integrated circuits, are the building
blocks of digital electronic circuits. Simple electronic representations of Boolean logic
functions might be found in these intricate gadgets.

A physical platform known as a "Digital Circuit Board" or "Digital Trainer Board" is made up
of electrical parts and related circuits that are intended to process digital data. These boards
are crucial to the study of digital electronics because they facilitate the use of digital circuits
to manipulate digital signals and information.
Resistors, switches, LEDs, logic gates, and other components are housed on the digital trainer
board, which is an excellent tool for both enthusiasts and students to learn about and explore
the exciting field of digital electronics.

Digital electronics utilize logic gates as fundamental building blocks. Logic gates process
binary information, and their behavior is determined by Boolean algebra. The experiment
focuses on AND, OR, NOT, XOR, and NAND gates, exploring their truth tables and practical
applications in digital circuits.

AND gate: An AND gate is a digital logic gate that produces a high output only when
both of its inputs are high, serving as a fundamental building block in electronic
circuits for logical conjunction.

.
 OR gate: An OR gate is a digital logic gate that produces a high output signal if at
least one of its input signals is high, making it a fundamental component in Boolean
algebra and digital circuit design.

NOT gate: A NOT gate, also known as an inverter, is a fundamental digital logic gate
that produces an output opposite to its input, generating a high output when the input
is low and vice versa.

NAND gate: A NAND gate is a digital logic gate that produces a high output only
when both of its inputs are low, serving as a universal gate due to its capability to
implement any logical function.

NOR gate: A NOR gate is a digital logic gate that produces a low output only when
both of its inputs are high, serving as an essential component in electronic circuits for
logical operations and information processing.

XOR gate: The XOR gate, or exclusive OR gate, outputs a high signal only when an
odd number of its input signals are high, making it a key component in digital circuits
for binary addition, subtraction, and data comparison.
XNOR gate: An XNOR gate, also known as an equivalence gate, produces a high
output only when an even number of high inputs are received, making it a binary
comparator for equality.

Table 1.1: Required apparatus in the experiment

Sl. No Name of the Apparatus Model No. Used Ranges Quantity

01 Trainer Gate DL2203-1 N/A 01

02 Power Supply N/A 5 V ± 0.25V 01

(DC)
03 Connecting Wires N/A N/A Few

Experimental Procedure:

1. Introduction to Digital Trainer Kit:

a. The power supply unit was connected to the Digital Trainer Kit.

b. Participants were familiarized with the components of the kit, including the
breadboard, LED indicators, and switches.

c. Proper handling and placement of components on the breadboard were

demonstrated.

2. AND Gate:

a. A basic AND gate circuit was set up on the digital trainer kit using the appropriate
IC.

b. The input switches and LED indicators were connected to observe the output.
 c. The truth table for the AND gate was recorded.

3. OR Gate:

a. The procedure for the OR gate was repeated, and its behavior was observed and
recorded.

b. The truth table for the OR gate was documented.

4. NOT Gate:

a. A NOT gate circuit was set up, and its inversion of the input signal was observed.

b. The truth table for the NOT gate was recorded.

5. NAND Gate:

a. An experimental setup for the NAND gate was established on the digital trainer kit.

b. The input-output relationship and LED indicator states were observed and recorded.
c. The truth table for the NAND gate was documented.

6. NOR Gate:

a. Similar procedures were followed for the NOR gate, and observations were
recorded.
b. The truth table for the NOR gate was documented.

7. XOR Gate:

a. A more complex circuit involving XOR gates was explored.

b. The behavior of the XOR gate was observed, and the truth table was recorded.

8. XNOR Gate:

a. An experimental setup for the XNOR gate was created on the breadboard.

b. Observations regarding input-output relationships and LED indicator states were

recorded.

c. The truth table for the XNOR gate was documented.

Truth Table:
Truth table for AND gate:
Input Input Output
A B C
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

Truth table for OR gate:

Input Input Output
A B C
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1

Truth table for NOT gate:

Input Output
0 1
1 0
Truth table for NAND gate:
Input Input Output
A B C
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

Truth table for NOR gate:

Input Input Output
A B C
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
Truth table for XOR gate:
Input Input Output
A B C
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

Truth table for XNOR gate:

Input Input Output
A B C
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

Discussion and conclusion: The experiment's goals of acquainting participants with the
Digital Trainer Kit and offering useful insights into various logic gate types were both
accomplished. Participants gain a deeper understanding and are better equipped for further
advanced courses in digital electronics thanks to the practical experience.