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Elementary principles of Education (6 Marks) Education


paradigms mean the general principles or axioms on which
the practice of education is based and by which the system is
informed. These foundations help educators, students and
policy makers understand the why and how of education-what
education should seek to accomplish- and the role of
education in society. Here are the main areas that make up
the foundations of education: Philosophical Foundations: This
area provides direction on the content that should be taught
and why the content is essential in teaching helping shape the
way that instructors teach. Sociological Foundations: This part
review education function in society encompassing how
education, on one hand, mirrors and affect social values,
norms, and frameworks. Psychological Foundations: Concerns
continue on what students learn, their mental growth, and
what interests them, always serving the purpose of assisting
educators to select appropriate teaching strategies. Historical
Foundations: Helps us understand why some techniques are
utilised in education today by learning history of various
practices and institutions. Political and Economic Foundations:
Examines how policies set down by governments and other
sources of revenue influence education enrolment, quality and
fairness. Understanding these foundations enables producers
of learning cultures to design, facilitate and enhance
meaningful, inclusive and impactful learning.
Both progressivism and constructivism are approaches that have a student in
focus in their education, however, the achievement of this goal is done
differently. Here’s a breakdown of the main differences between the two:

Aspect Progressivism Constructivism

Origins and Key Thinkers The contemporary philosopher, John Dewey,


focused on relationships within society and was therefore interested in the role
of education within a democracy and modern society.

Developed from the works of Piaget, Vygotsky and Bruner who were
interested in active processes of learners who create their meaning of
learning.

Teacher’s Role Teachers have a very active role in the learners’ teaching
process through moderating and facilitating learning and also allowing free
essential student’s cognitive orientation.

Teachers are co-participants with their students, as students follow their own
search for understanding, facilitated by the teacher.

Perceiving knowledge

Knowledge is perceived as dynamic and useful, relevant in


students ‘ lives; students get knowledge better and in practice. .
Knowledge as a view is actively built by each learner individually
through talk with the surround not passively received.Areas of
Curriculum Emphasis Interdisciplinary and project related
curriculum with references to social science and experience.

k nowledge is personally constructed by each learner through


interactions with the world, not simply received from others.
. The curriculum is organized from key concepts that support
students to build, expand and refine their knowledge of the matters
under consideration.

Learning style

Learning is that which involves students applying knowledge through practical assignments and using
group work..

As much as they may differ, learning is an individual and generative process that student uses to
construct meaning during learning and problem solving.

Kinds of Assessment

Progressivism is founded on formative assessment modes, which include observation and project
assessment, not formal tests..

There are also using self- questionnaire and feedback tool, reflexivity and a set of reflective
activities to assess students’ learning and development within the constructivism approaches.

view of Students

Students are viewed as individuals with the particular experience, in order to train the all-round and
socialized persons.. Students are characterized by the role of the knowledge constructors and
learners in their own learning processes; purposefully promoting autonomy and personal interest in
learning pursuits.

Classroom learning environment

It is an unstructured and undetermined setting designed for debate, discussion, and a wide range of
client-centered group tasks..

Student-centered setting that allows them to use objects and technological facilities, manipulate them
and solve important tasks.

Summary

Two out of three of these ideologies, namely progressivism and constructivism, places the student
squarely in the process of learning. However, while progressivism is more about creativity and student
work taking place in the context of the real world, constructivism is more about an individual learner’s
mental process as he or she constructs new information. While Progressivism is related to the worlds
experience, constructivism is associated with critical, individual interfacing with concepts. The two
philosophies encourage an ‘appreciable’ as well as an ‘apprehensible’ learning process and experience
but put different accentuate on how the students learn and use the content or knowledge.

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