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I2C Protocol: Swipe

I2C protocol in detail

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BhanuPrakashSingh
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18 views16 pages

I2C Protocol: Swipe

I2C protocol in detail

Uploaded by

BhanuPrakashSingh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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I2C

PROTOCOL

SWIPE
I2C stands for inter integrated circuit.

It is a synchronous communication protocol

It is used to send data between multiple


devices.

It is organized into a master and slave


configuration.

The master has control over the slaves and the


slaves receive instruction from the master.

I2C is really useful when you want to have


more than one microcontroller logging data
to a single memory card or displaying text in a
display.
I2C only uses two wires to transmit data
between devices:
SDA (Serial Data) – The line for the master
and slave to send and receive data.
SCL (Serial Clock) – The line that carries the
clock signal.
I2C is a serial communication protocol, so data
is transferred bit by bit along a single wire
(the SDA line).
The output of bits is synchronized to the
sampling of bits by a clock signal shared
between the master and the slave. The clock
signal is always controlled by the master.
How I2C works ?
Messages are broken up into frames of data.
Each message has an address frame that
contains the binary address of the slave, and
one or more data frames that contain the data
being transmitted.

Start Condition: The SDA line switches from a


high voltage level to a low voltage level before
the SCL line switches from high to low.

Stop Condition: The SDA line switches from a


low voltage level to a high voltage level after
the SCL line switches from low to high.
Address Frame: A 7 or 10 bit sequence unique
to each slave that identifies the slave when the
master wants to talk to it.

Read/Write Bit: A single bit specifying whether


the master is sending data to the slave (low
voltage level) or requesting data from it (high
voltage level).

ACK/NACK Bit: Each frame in a message is


followed by an acknowledge/no-acknowledge
bit. If an address frame or data frame was
successfully received, an ACK bit is returned to
the sender from the receiving device.

I2C doesn’t have slave select lines like SPI. It


does this by addressing. The address frame is
always the first frame after the start bit in a new
message.
STEP 1

1. The master sends the start condition to every


connected slave by switching the SDA line from a
high voltage level to a low voltage level before
switching the SCL line from high to low.
STEP 2

2. The master sends each slave the 7 or 10 bit


address of the slave it wants to communicate
with, along with the read/write bit.
STEP 3

3. Each slave compares the address sent from the


master to its own address. If the address matches,
the slave returns an ACK bit by pulling the SDA
line low for one bit. If the address from the master
does not match the slave’s own address, the slave
leaves the SDA line high.
STEP 4

4. The master sends or receives the data frame.


STEP 5

5. After each data frame has been transferred, the


receiving device returns another ACK bit to the
sender to acknowledge successful receipt of the
frame.
STEP 6

6. To stop the data transmission, the master


sends a stop condition to the slave by switching
SCL high before switching SDA high
SINGLE MASTER WITH MULTIPLE
SLAVES

With a 7 bit address, 128 (27) unique address are


available. Using 10 bit addresses is uncommon, but
provides 1,024 (210) unique addresses. To connect
multiple slaves to a single master, wire them like
this, with 4.7K Ohm pull-up resistors connecting
the SDA and SCL lines to Vcc:
MULTIPLE MASTERS WITH
MULTIPLE SLAVES
The problem with multiple masters in
the same system comes when two
masters try to send or receive data at the
same time over the SDA line.
To solve this problem, each master
needs to detect if the SDA line is low or
high before transmitting a message.
If the SDA line is low, this means that
another master has control of the bus,
and the master should wait to send the
message.
If the SDA line is high, then it’s safe to
transmit the message.
To connect multiple masters to multiple
slaves, use the following diagram, with
4.7K Ohm pull-up resistors connecting
the SDA and SCL lines to Vcc:
EXAMPLE

Arduino code for using I2C communication with


an OLED display.

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