Mumbai as a Megacity

Mumbai
Location and size?
The megacity Mumbai is located in the state of Maharashtra in India. It has a rapidly growing population of 17
million, with an estimated 600 migrants arriving each day. By 2020 it is estimated that it could potentially have
a population of around 26 million.
Key Facts:
Provides 33% of India’s entire tax revenue
40% of international flights to India land in Mumbai – tourism
Mumbai is the home of Bollywood, the huge film hub which produces more films than Hollywood each
year. This is a huge part of the revenue that supports Mumbai, as well as attracting tourists from around
the world.
Rent inside part of the city is higher than some of the most desirable cities in the world such as New York
and London.
As a result of globalisation there are many international banks, world-class restaurants and TNC
headquarters e.g. TATA STEEL. Furthermore many companies outsource their call centres, accounting
and stock ordering to India because the wages here are cheaper than in more developed countries. For
example BT and Tesco have both outsourced parts of their businesses to Mumbai in order to cut costs
and maximise profits.
Growth:
Mumbai is experiencing hyper urbanisation due the growth of its economy in manufacturing. An increase in
tertiary sector jobs such as IT and financial services means it has become a major centre for out-sourced work. It
also has one of the largest film industries in the world located there.
Pull and Push Factors:

RURAL PUSH FACTORS: URBAN PULL FACTORS:
Lack of investment Better quality of life
Lack of services Growth and outsourcing jobs available
Lack of opportunities Better services e.g. education and healthcare
Low wages Better housing
Drought and flooding is now common Better paid jobs
Rural poverty Better opportunities
Impacts - Dharavi:
60% of the population are still living in poverty and are not benefitting from the growth that is occurring in
central Mumbai. One million reside in just 1 square mile of space here, which used to a mangrove swamp! The
slum is situated between two main railways, and therefore provides cheap accommodation for low skilled
workers which arrive in the city in search of a better life.
Life in Dharavi:
Homes have a solid look, and many have an electricity supply.
Small-scale workshops are present which produce cheap pottery, plastic toys (the type in Christmas
crackers), embroidered clothes and leather handbags for the export market.
Average incomes are low, A leather worker can earn around £40 a month, with the rent of a flat being
£12 a month.
Many families cannot afford to move out of the slum because the rest of Mumbai is too expensive. Due
to this many acquire building materials and self-improve their homes.
www.pmt.education
Sustainability in Dharavi:
Transport Housing Employment

Increasing the amount of public Increasing the housing availability Aims to create 200,000 high end
transport available to reduce the number of people service sector jobs in healthcare,
A 25km bridge linking the city to living in slums financial services — raising GDP by
settlements across the Bay of Making housing more affordable 3% per year
Mumbai The land where the Dharavi slum 500,000 jobs in construction,
Investing in energy efficient trains is located is worth an estimated retail, tourism and recreation —
in order to earn carbon credits $10 billion. In return of the land raising GDP by 2% a year
they must allocated at least 20% of 200,000 jobs in Special Export
the development to affordable Zones around the port and airport
housing
Slum dwellers are given
apartments with 21m2 of space
Vision Mumbai:
This is plan to tackle problems created by the rapid population growth and turn the city into a world class
location by 2013. Work for this began in 2004, however in order for this to be successful they would have to
remove the Dharavi slum, home to 1 million residents. By 2007, 200,000 people had been moved and 45,000
homes demolished as 300 hectares of land were cleared for development.
www.pmt.education

Mumbai as a Megacity

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Mumbai as a Megacity

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Mumbai

Location and size?

40% of international flights to India land in Mumbai – tourism

Pull and Push Factors:

Transport Housing Employment

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