1

SALT ANALYSIS

Prof.Dr. C.Lingaraj M.Sc.,M.Phil.,M.Ed.,M.Phil.,Ph.D. UGC-SET

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Salt analysis I (LEAD NITRATE)

Aim:
To identify the anion and cation present in the given
simple salt by performing suitable tests
Preliminary tests for anions and cations
S.No. Experiment Observation Inference
1. The colour of the Colourless May be pb2+ ,
salt is noted Ca2+, Al3+, Zn2+,
Ba2+,
Sr2+,Mg2+,NH4+
(1)
2. Solubility test: Soluble May be
chloride ,
Iodide,

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A pinch of the salt Nitrate,

is made into Sulphate, and
solution with water ammonium
carbonate.
(2)
3. Action of heat : A Reddish brown May be nitrate
pinch of the salt is vapours
strongly heated in a
dry boiling tube
Decrepitation May be lead
occurs with nitrate
popping sound
(3)

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4. Flame test: A No characteristic Absence of

Pinch of the salt is flame is observed Cu2+, Ba2+ , Sr2+
made into a paste , Ca2+ .
with con HCl in a
watch glass and is
introduced into a
non luminous
Bunsen flame using
a charred
matchstick
5. Ash test : A filter No characteristic Absence of
paper is soaked coloured ash is Zn2+ , Al3+ ,
into a paste of the formed Mg2+ .
salt with dil .HNO3
and cobalt nitrate

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solution and
introduced into the
Bunsen flame and
ignited
6. Action of sodium No characteristic Absence of
hydroxide To 1 ml gas is evolved ammonium
of the salt solution salt
,NaOH is added and
heated
II Identification of Anions ( Acid radicals)
7. Action of dil HCl : No Absence of
To 1 ml of the salt characteristic carbonate
solution dil . Hcl is change sulphide and
added acetate .

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8. Action of sulphuric No characteristic Absence of

acid : To 1 ml of change chloride
salt solution
con.sulphuric acid is
added and heated
9 Action of sulphuric No characteristic Absence of
acid and change chloride,
manganese di bromide,
oxide : A few drops iodide
of the salt solution
is heated with
MnO2 and con.
Sulphuric acid
10. Copper turnings Reddish brown Presence of
test: A small gas is evolved Nitrate

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quantity of the salt

is heated with
copper turnings and
con sulphuric acid (4)

11 Chromyl Chloride No orange red Absence of

test : To Pinch of vapours observed chloride
the salt , potassium
dichromate and
conc. Sulphuric acid
are added and
heated
12 Ammonium No canary yellow Absence of
Molybdate test: To phosphate phosphate

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1 ml of salt solution
con . nitric acid is
added and heated
strongly until fume
ceases . Then
Ammonium
molybdate is added

13. Ethyl Acetate test: No pleasant fruity Absence of

To few drops of the smell of ester acetate
sodium carbonate
extract, a drop of
con. Sulphuric acid
and 3 ml of ethanol

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are added and

heated in a water
bath . Then the
mixture is poured
into a beaker with
excess of sodium
carbonate
14 Barium Chloride No white Absence of
test: To few drops precipitate phosphate ,
of the sodium Carbonate and
carbonate extract , sulphate
add dil HCl and
Barium chloride
Sodium Carbonate Extract : Two parts of the sodium
carbonate and one part of the salt are added to distilled water

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and heated. The resultant solution is filtered . The filtrate is

called sodium carbonate extract.
Confirmatory test for anions
1 To few drops of the Brown ring at the Presence of
extract , dil. junction of the nitrate is
Sulphuric acid is liquids confirmed
added and an equal
amount of ferrous
sulphate is added
along the walls of
the test tube (5)
2. To few drops of the Blue colouration is Presence of
extract, formed nitrate is
diphenylamine confirmed
solution is added (6)

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Identification of basic radicals – Test for cations

Preparation of original salt solution: A little amount of salt is
dissolve in distilled water or by another suitable solvent ie HCl
in hot or cold conditions . This solution is used to identify the
group analysis .
Group Experiment Observation Inference
Zero To 1 ml of the salt No reddish brown Absence of
solution , few drops precipitate zero group
of Nesslers reagent ammonium
and excess of
sodium hydroxide
are added and
heated

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First To few drops of the White precipitate Presence of

salt solution dil HCl is formed lead (first
is added group ) (7)
Confirmatory test for cations (Basic radicals)
1. To few drops of the Yellow precipitate Presence of
salt solution , 2 ml is obtained lead is
of potassium confirmed
chromate solution
is added (8)
2 To few drops of the Yellow precipitate Presence of
salt solution , which dissolve in lead is
potassium iodide water on heating confirmed
solution is added and reappears on
cooling as shiny
golden (9)

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3 To few drops of the White precipitate Presence of

salt solution dil. which dissolves in lead is
Sulphuric acid is water on heating confirmed
added and reappears on
cooling as needle
like crystals (10)

Result : The given salt contains

Acid Radical : nitrate
Basic Radical : lead
Therefore the given salt is lead nitrate .

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Salt analysis II (ALUMINIUM SULPHATE)

Aim:
To identify the anion and cation present in the given
simple salt by performing suitable tests
Preliminary tests for anions and cations
S.No. Experiment Observation Inference
1 The colour of the Colourless May be pb2+ ,
salt is noted Ca2+, Al3+, Zn2+,
Ba2+,
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Sr2+,Mg2+,NH4+
(1)
2 Solubility test: Soluble May be chloride
A pinch of the salt , Iodide, Nitrate,
is made into Sulphate and
solution with ammonium
water carbonate. (2)
3 Action of heat : A No characteristic Absence of Zn2+
pinch of the salt is change , Cu2+ , Ni2+,
strongly heated in Co32- , NO3- , I-,
a dry boiling tube
4 Flame test: A No characteristic Absence of Cu2+,
Pinch of the salt is flame is observed Ba2+ , Sr2+ , Ca2+ .
made into a paste
with con HCl in a

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watch glass and is

introduced into a
non luminous
Bunsen flame
using a charred
matchstick
5 Ash test : A filter No characteristic Absence of Zn2+
paper is soaked coloured ash is , Al3+ , Mg2+ ,
into a paste of the formed NH4+
salt with dil .HNO3
and cobalt nitrate
solution and
introduced into
the Bunsen flame
and ignited

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6 Action of sodium No colourless Absence of

hydroxide To 1 ml pungent smelling ammonium salt
of the salt solution gas is evolved
,NaOH is added
and heated
II Identification of Anions ( Acid radicals)
7 Action of dil HCl : No Absence of
To 1 ml of the salt characteristic carbonate,
solution dil . Hcl is change sulphide,
added acetate .
8 Action of sulphuric No characteristic Absence of
acid : To 1 ml of change chloride
salt solution ,Bromide,Iodide.
con.sulphuric acid

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is added and
heated
9 Action of sulphuric No characteristic Absence of
acid and change chloride,
manganese di bromide, iodide
oxide : A few
drops of the salt
solution is heated
with MnO2 and
con. Sulphuric acid
10. Copper turnings No reddish Absence of
test: A small brown gas is Nitrate
quantity of the salt evolve
is heated with
copper turnings

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and con sulphuric

acid

11 Chromyl Chloride No characteristic Absence of

test : To Pinch of change chloride
the salt ,
potassium
dichromate and
conc. Sulphuric
acid are added and
heated
12 Ammonium No canary yellow Absence of
Molybdate test: phosphate phosphate
To 1 ml of salt

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solution con . nitric

acid is added and
heated strongly
until fume ceases .
Then Ammonium
molybdate is
added

13. Ethyl Acetate test: No pleasant Absence of

To few drops of fruity smell of acetate
the sodium ester
carbonate extract,
a drop of con.
Sulphuric acid and

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3 ml of ethanol are
added and heated
in a water bath .
Then the mixture
is poured into a
beaker with excess
of sodium
carbonate
14 Barium Chloride white precipitate Presence of
test: To few drops insoluble in sulphate (3)
of the sodium dil.Hcl
carbonate extract ,
add dil HCl and
Barium chloride

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Sodium Carbonate Extract : Two parts of the sodium

carbonate and one part of the salt are added to distilled water
and heated. The resultant solution is filtered . The filtrate is
called sodium carbonate extract.
Confirmatory test for anions
1 To few drops of White precipitate Presence of
the extract , dil. soluble in NaOH sulphate is
Acetic acid and confirmed (4)
Lead acetate
solution are added
2. To few drops of White precipitate Presence of
the extract,dil.Hcl insoluble in sulphate is
and Barium dil.Hcl is formed confirmed (5)
chloride solution
are added

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Identification of basic radicals – Test for cations

Preparation of original salt solution: A little amount of salt is
dissolve in distilled water or by another suitable solvent ie HCl
in hot or cold conditions . This solution is used to identify the
group analysis .
Group Experiment Observation Inference
Zero To 1 ml of the salt No reddish Absence of zero
solution , few brown group
drops of Nesslers precipitate ammonium
reagent and excess
of sodium
hydroxide are
added and heated

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I To few drops of No White Absence of lead

the salt solution dil precipitate is ( I group )
HCl is added formed
II To a few drops of No Black Absence of lead
the salt solution precipitate or cupric (II
add dil.Hcl and group)
yellow ammonium
sulphide
III To a few drops of Gelatinous white Presence
the salt solution precipitate ofAluminium
add ammonium (Al3+ )(III group )
chloride and (6)
ammonium
hydroxide
Confirmatory test for cations (Basic radicals)

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1 To few drops of Gelatinous white Presence of

the salt solution , precipitate is Aluminium
sodium hydroxide obtained (Al3+) is
is added confirmed (7)
To few drops of Red lake is Presence of
the salt solution, formed Aluminium
ammonium (Al3+) is
hydroxide solution confirmed (8)
and aluminon
reagent are
added
Result : The given salt contains
Acid Radical : Sulphate
Basic Radical : Aluminium

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Therefore the given salt is Aluminium Sulphate

Salt analysis III (ZINC SULPHATE)

Aim:

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To identify the anion and cation present in the given

simple salt by performing suitable tests
Preliminary tests for anions and cations

S.No. Experiment Observation Inference

1 The colour of the Colourless May be pb2+ ,
salt is noted Ca2+, Al3+, Zn2+,
Ba2+,
Sr2+,Mg2+,NH4+
(1)
2 Solubility test: Soluble May be chloride
A pinch of the salt , Iodide, Nitrate,
is made into Sulphate and

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solution with ammonium

water carbonate. (2)
3 Action of heat : A White turns May be Zinc
pinch of the salt is yellow (Zn2+ )(3)
strongly heated in
a dry boiling tube
4 Flame test: A No characteristic Absence of Cu2+,
Pinch of the salt is flame is observed Ba2+ , Sr2+ , Ca2+ .
made into a paste
with con HCl in a
watch glass and is
introduced into a
non luminous
Bunsen flame

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using a charred
matchstick
5 Ash test : A filter Green coloured Presence of
paper is soaked ash Zinc ( Zn2+ ) (4)
into a paste of the
salt with dil .HNO3
and cobalt nitrate
solution and
introduced into
the Bunsen flame
and ignited
6 Action of sodium No characteristic Absence of
hydroxide To 1 ml gas is evolved ammonium salt
of the salt solution

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,NaOH is added
and heated
II Identification of Anions ( Acid radicals)
7 Action of dil HCl : No Absence of
To 1 ml of the salt characteristic carbonate,
solution dil . Hcl is change sulphide,
added acetate .
8 Action of sulphuric No characteristic Absence of
acid : To 1 ml of change chloride
salt solution ,Bromide,Iodide.
con.sulphuric acid
is added and
heated

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9 Action of sulphuric No characteristic Absence of

acid and change chloride,
manganese di bromide, iodide
oxide : A few drops
of the salt solution
is heated with
MnO2 and con.
Sulphuric acid
10. Copper turnings No reddish Absence of
test: A small brown gas is Nitrate
quantity of the salt evolve
is heated with
copper turnings
and con sulphuric
acid

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11 Chromyl Chloride No orange red Absence of

test : To Pinch of vapours are chloride
the salt , evolved
potassium
dichromate and
conc. Sulphuric
acid are added and
heated
12 Ammonium No canary yellow Absence of
Molybdate test: To phosphate phosphate
1 ml of salt
solution con . nitric
acid is added and
heated strongly
until fume ceases .

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Then Ammonium
molybdate is
added
13. Ethyl Acetate test: No pleasant Absence of
To few drops of fruity smell of acetate
the sodium ester
carbonate extract,
a drop of con.
Sulphuric acid and
3 ml of ethanol are
added and heated
in a water bath .
Then the mixture
is poured into a
beaker with excess

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of sodium
carbonate
14 Barium Chloride white precipitate Presence of
test: To few drops insoluble in sulphate (5)
of the sodium dil.Hcl
carbonate extract ,
add dil HCl and
Barium chloride
Sodium Carbonate Extract : Two parts of the sodium
carbonate and one part of the salt are added to distilled water
and heated. The resultant solution is filtered . The filtrate is
called sodium carbonate extract.
Confirmatory test for anions

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1 To few drops of White precipitate Presence of

the extract , dil. soluble in NaOH sulphate is
Acetic acid and confirmed (6)
Lead acetate
solution are added
2. To few drops of White precipitate Presence of
the extract,dil.Hcl insoluble in sulphate is
and Barium dil.Hcl is formed confirmed (7)
chloride solution
are added

Identification of basic radicals – Test for cations

Preparation of original salt solution: A little amount of salt is
dissolve in distilled water or by another suitable solvent ie HCl

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in hot or cold conditions . This solution is used to identify the

group analysis .
Group Experiment Observation Inference
Zero To 1 ml of the salt No reddish Absence of zero
solution , few brown group
drops of Nesslers precipitate ammonium
reagent and excess
of sodium
hydroxide are
added and heated
I To few drops of No White Absence of lead
the salt solution dil precipitate is ( I group )
HCl is added formed

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II To a few drops of No Black Absence of lead

the salt solution precipitate or cupric (II
add dil.Hcl and group)
yellow ammonium
sulphide
III To a few drops of No characteristic Absence of
the salt solution change Aluminium (Al3+)
add ammonium Fe2+ , Fe3+ ( III
chloride and group)
ammonium
hydroxide
IV To a few drops of Dirty white Presence of Zinc
the salt solution , precipitate (ZnS ) (Zn2+) ( IV group)
ammonium is formed (8)
chloride ,

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ammonium
hydroxide and
yellow ammonium
sulphide are added
Confirmatory test for cations (Basic radicals)
1 To few drops of Presence of Zinc
the salt solution , White precipitate is confirmed
sodium hydroxide soluble in excess IV group (9)
is added of NaOH
2 To a few drops of White precipitate Presence of Zinc
the salt solution , is formed is confirmed
potassium IV group (10)
ferrocyanide
solution is added

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3 Ash test: Green ash Presence of Zinc

A filter paper is is confirmed
soaked into a (11)
mixture of salt
solution and cobalt
Nitrate solution
and then
introduced into
the Bunsen flame
and ignited

Result : The given salt contains

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Acid Radical : Sulphate

Basic Radical : Zinc
Therefore the given salt is Zinc Sulphate

Salt analysis IV CALCIUM CARBONATE

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Aim:
To identify the anion and cation present in the given
simple salt by performing suitable tests
Preliminary tests for anions and cations

S.No. Experiment Observation Inference

1 The colour of Colourless May be pb2+ , Ca2+, Al3+,
the salt is Zn2+, Ba2+,
noted Sr2+,Mg2+,NH4+ (1)
2 Solubility test: InSoluble May be Sulphide S2- ,
A pinch of the Carbonate CO32- except
salt is made ammonium carbonate
into solution (2)
with water

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3 Action of Colourless gas May be carbonate

heat: A pinch that turns ( Co32- )
of the salt is lime water (3)
strongly milky
heated in a
dry boiling
tube
4 Flame test: A Brick red Presence of Calcium
Pinch of the (Ca2+)
salt is made (4)
into a paste
with con HCl
in a watch
glass and is
introduced

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into a non
luminous
Bunsen flame
using a
charred
matchstick
5 Ash test : A No Absence of Zn2+,
filter paper is characteristic Al3+, Mg2+
soaked into a ash
paste of the
salt with dil
.HNO3 and
cobalt nitrate
solution and
introduced

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into the
Bunsen flame
and ignited
6 Action of No colourless Absence of ammonium
sodium pungent salt
hydroxide To smelling gas
1 ml of the is evolved
salt solution
,NaOH is
added and
heated
II Identification of Anions ( Acid radicals)
7 Action of dil Brisk Presence of carbonate
HCl : To 1 ml effervescence (5)
of the salt with the

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solution dil . release of a

Hcl is added colourless and
odouless gas
that turns
lime water
milky
8 Action of NO Absence of chloride ,
sulphuric acid characteristic Bromide and Iodide
: To 1 ml of change
salt solution
con.sulphuric
acid is added
and heated

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9 Action of NO Absence of chloride ,

sulphuric acid characteristic Bromide and Iodide
and change
manganese di
oxide : A few
drops of the
salt solution is
heated with
MnO2 and
con. Sulphuric
acid
10. Copper No reddish Absence of Nitrate
turnings test: brown gas is
A small evolved
quantity of

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the salt is
heated with
copper
turnings and
con sulphuric
acid

11 Chromyl No red orange Absence of chloride

Chloride test : vapours
To Pinch
of the salt ,
potassium
dichromate
and conc.

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Sulphuric
acid are
added and
heated
12 Ammonium No canary Absence of phosphate
Molybdate yellow
test: To 1 ml phosphate
of salt
solution con .
nitric acid is
added and
heated
strongly until
fume ceases .
Then

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Ammonium
molybdate is
added

13. Ethyl Acetate No pleasant Absence of acetate

test: To few fruity smell of
drops of the ester
sodium
carbonate
extract, a

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drop of con.
Sulphuric acid
and 3 ml of
ethanol are
added and
heated in a
water bath .
Then the
mixture is
poured into a
beaker with
excess of
sodium
carbonate

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14 Barium white Presence of carbonate

Chloride test: precipitate (6)
To few drops soluble in
of the sodium dil.HCl
carbonate
extract , add
dil HCl and
Barium
chloride
Sodium Carbonate Extract : Two parts of the sodium
carbonate and one part of the salt are added to distilled water
and heated. The resultant solution is filtered . The filtrate is
called sodium carbonate extract.
Confirmatory test for anions

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1 To a few White Presence of Carbonate

drops of the precipitate is confirmed
salt solution , soluble in dil. (7)
Barium HCl
chloride
solution is
added
2 To a few White Presence of Carbonate
drops of the precipitate is confirmed
salt solution soluble in dil. (8)
add Hcl
Magnesium
chloride

Identification of basic radicals – Test for cations

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Preparation of original salt solution: A little amount of salt is

dissolve in distilled water or by another suitable solvent ie HCl
in hot or cold conditions . This solution is used to identify the
group analysis .
Group Experiment Observation Inference
Zero To 1 ml of the No reddish Absence of zero group
salt solution , brown ammonium
few drops of precipitate
Nesslers
reagent and
excess of
sodium
hydroxide are
added and
heated

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I To few drops No White Absence of lead ( I

of the salt precipitate is group )
solution dil formed
HCl is added
II To a few No Black Absence of lead or
drops of the precipitate cupric (II group)
salt solution
add dil.Hcl
and yellow
ammonium
sulphide
III To a few No Absence of Aluminium
drops of the characteristic (Al3+) Fe2+ , Fe3+ ( III
salt solution change group)
add

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ammonium
chloride and
ammonium
hydroxide
IV To a few No Absence of Zinc(Zn2+) ,
drops of the characteristic Manganese(Mn2+)Cobalt
salt solution , change (Co2+) ,Nickel (Ni2+)
ammonium IV group
chloride ,
ammonium
hydroxide and
yellow
ammonium
sulphide are
added

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V To a few White May be Barium ,

drops of the precipitate strontium or Calcium
salt solution, V group
ammonium (9)
chloride ,
ammonium
hydroxide and
ammonium
carbonate are
added
For V group, Confirmatory test for cations (Basic radicals)
First by Ba2+ , Sr2+ , Ca2+ .
1 To 1 ml of the Presence of
salt solution , White calcium is confirmed
ammonium precipitate V group

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oxalate (10)
solution is
added
2 To 1 ml of the White Presence of Calcium is
salt solution precipitate confirmed
potassium V group
ferrocyanide (11)
is added
Result : The given salt contains
Acid Radical : Carbonate
Basic Radical : Calcium
Therefore the given salt is Calcium carbonate
Salt analysis V (AMMONIUM CARBONATE)
Aim:
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To identify the anion and cation present in the given

simple salt by performing suitable tests
Preliminary tests for anions and cations

S.No. Experiment Observation Inference

1 The colour of Colourless May be pb2+ , Ca2+, Al3+,
the salt is Zn2+, Ba2+,
noted Sr2+,Mg2+,NH4+ (1)
2 Solubility test: Soluble May be chloride,
A pinch of the Bromide, Iodide,
salt is made Nitrate, Sulphate and
into solution ammonium carbonate
with water (2)

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3 Action of Colourless gas May be carbonate

heat: A pinch that turns lime ( Co32- )(3)
of the salt is water milky
strongly
heated in a dry
boiling tube
4 Flame test: No Absence of Cu2+ , Ba2+ ,
A Pinch of the characteristic Sr2+ , Ca2+
salt is made flame
into a paste
with con HCl in
a watch glass
and is
introduced
into a non

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luminous
Bunsen flame
using a
charred
matchstick
5 Ash test : No Absence of Zn2+,
A filter paper characteristic Al3+, Mg2+
is soaked into ash
a paste of the
salt with dil
.HNO3 and
cobalt nitrate
solution and
introduced
into the

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Bunsen flame
and ignited
6 Action of A Colourless Presence of
sodium pungent ammonium salt (NH4+)
hydroxide smelling gas is (4)
To 1 ml of the evolved which
salt solution turns red
,NaOH is litmus paper
added and blue and gives
heated dense white
fumes with a
rod dipped in
con. Hcl
II Identification of Anions ( Acid radicals)

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7 Action of dil Brisk Presence of

HCl : effervescence carbonate
To 1 ml of thewith the (5)
salt solution dil
release of a
. Hcl is added colourless and
odouless gas
that turns lime
water milky
8 Action of NO Absence of chloride ,
sulphuric acid characteristic Bromide and Iodide
: To 1 ml of change
salt solution
con.sulphuric
acid is added
and heated

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9 Action of NO Absence of chloride ,

sulphuric acid characteristic Bromide and Iodide
and change
manganese di
oxide : A few
drops of the
salt solution is
heated with
MnO2 and
con. Sulphuric
acid
10. Copper No reddish Absence of Nitrate
turnings test: brown gas is
A small evolved
quantity of the

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salt is heated
with copper
turnings and
con sulphuric
acid

11 Chromyl No red orange Absence of chloride

Chloride test : vapours
To Pinch
of the salt ,
potassium
dichromate
and conc.
Sulphuric acid

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are added
and heated
12 Ammonium No canary Absence of phosphate
Molybdate yellow
test: To 1 ml of phosphate
salt solution
con . nitric acid
is added and
heated
strongly until
fume ceases .
Then
Ammonium
molybdate is
added

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13. Ethyl Acetate No pleasant Absence of acetate

test: To few fruity smell of
drops of the ester
sodium
carbonate
extract, a drop
of con.
Sulphuric acid
and 3 ml of
ethanol are
added and
heated in a
water bath .

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Then the
mixture is
poured into a
beaker with
excess of
sodium
carbonate
14 Barium white Presence of
Chloride test: precipitate carbonate
To few drops soluble in (6)
of the sodium dil.HCl
carbonate
extract , add
dil HCl and

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Barium
chloride
Sodium Carbonate Extract : Two parts of the sodium
carbonate and one part of the salt are added to distilled water
and heated. The resultant solution is filtered . The filtrate is
called sodium carbonate extract.
Confirmatory test for anions
1 To a few drops White Presence of Carbonate
of the salt precipitate is confirmed (7)
solution , soluble in dil.
Barium HCl
chloride
solution is
added

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2 To a few drops White Presence of Carbonate

of the salt precipitate is confirmed (8)
solution add soluble in dil.
Magnesium Hcl
chloride

Identification of basic radicals – Test for cations

Preparation of original salt solution: A little amount of salt is
dissolve in distilled water or by another suitable solvent ie HCl
in hot or cold conditions . This solution is used to identify the
group analysis .
Group Experiment Observation Inference
Zero To 1 ml of the salt Reddish brown Presence of
solution , few precipitate ammonium salt
drops of Nesslers ( Zero group)

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reagent and excess (9)

of sodium
hydroxide are
added and heated
I To few drops of the No White Absence of lead
salt solution dil HCl precipitate is ( I group )
is added formed
II To a few drops of No Black Absence of lead
the salt solution precipitate or cupric (II
add dil.Hcl and group)
yellow ammonium
sulphide
III To a few drops of No characteristic Absence of
the salt solution change Aluminium
add ammonium

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chloride and (Al3+) Fe2+ ,

ammonium Fe3+ ( III group)
hydroxide
IV To a few drops of No characteristic Absence of
the salt solution , change Zn2+,Mn2+, Co2+,
ammonium Ni2+ ( IV group )
chloride ,
ammonium
hydroxide and
yellow ammonium
sulphide are added
V To a few drops of No white Absence of
the salt solution precipitate Barium,
ammonium Strontium ,
chloride ,

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ammonium Calcium ( V
hydroxide and Group )
ammonium
carbonate are
added
VI To a few drops of No White Absence of
the salt solution precipitate Magnesium
ammonium (Mg2+)
chloride , ( VI group)
ammonium
hydroxide and
disodium hydrogen
phosphate are
added
Confirmatory test for cations (Basic radicals)

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1 To 1 ml of the salt Presence of

solution , few Reddish brown Ammonium is
drops of Nessler’s precipitate confirmed
reagent and excess (10)
of sodium
hydroxide are
added and heated

Result :
The given salt contains
Acid radical : Carbonate
Basic radical : Ammonium

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Therefore the given salt is ammonium carbonate

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