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Lecture Note 2

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2 views

Lecture Note 2

linera alegriba

Uploaded by

Pavani Kavindhya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Kelaniya

Bachelor of Business Honours in Financial Engineering


BBFE 21513 Linear Algebra
Lecture Note 02
Matrix Algebra
We have been using upper case letters to denote matrices. We use lower case letters
with an arrow overtop to denote row and column vectors.
An example of a row vector is

and an example of a column vector is

Before we learn how to multiply matrices in general, we will learn what it means
to multiply row vector by a column vector.

Multiplying a row vector by a column vector


Let be an row vector with entries and let be
an column vector with entries . The product of and
denoted by or is

EXAMPLE 1: Let

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Do the remaining as an exercise.
Definition: Matrix Multiplication

This definition means that the entry in the ith row and the jth column of the product
is obtained by multiplying the entries in the ith row of A by the corresponding entries in
the jth column of and then adding the results.

To define the product of two matrices, the number of columns of the first matrix must

equal the number of rows of the second matrix. That is,

EXAMPLE 2

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Solution:

Properties of Matrix Multiplication

Let A, B and C be matrices with dimensions so that the following


operations make sense, and let k be a scalar. The following equalities hold:
1. A(BC) = (AB)C (Associative Property)
2. A(B + C) = AB + AB and
(B + C)A = BA + CA (Distributive Property)
3. k(AB) = (kA)B
4. AI=IA=A

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Remark: (1) We define If n is a positive integer, we define

(2) Matrix multiplication is not commutative; that is,


(3) In general, just because AX = BX, we cannot conclude that A = B.
(4)

EXAMPLE

Solution:

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Properties of Matrix Transpose

EXAMPLE

Solution

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