Statistics

STATISTICS
• Science that deals with the collection, analysis, interpretation,
presentation, and organization of data.
Terminologies
• Error – collective noun for any departure of the result from the “true”
value.
Terminologies
• Error – collective noun for any departure of the result from the “true”
value.
• Accuracy – closeness of the analytical result of the “true” value.
Terminologies
• Error – collective noun for any departure of the result from the “true”
value.
• Accuracy – closeness of the analytical result of the “true” value.
• Precision – A measure of dispersion or scattering around the mean
value and usually expressed in terms of standard deviation, standard
error, or a range. It is the difference between the highest and lowest
result.
Terminologies
• Error – collective noun for any departure of the result from the “true”
value.
• Accuracy – closeness of the analytical result of the “true” value.
• Precision – A measure of dispersion or scattering around the mean
value and usually expressed in terms of standard deviation, standard
error, or a range. It is the difference between the highest and lowest
result.
• Bias – is the opposite but most used measure for “trueness” which is
the agreement of the mean of analytical results with the true value.
Terminologies
• Statistic – A numerical value that characterizes some aspect of a
sample set of data, and that is often meant to estimate the true value
of a corresponding parameter in an underlying population.
Terminologies
• Statistic – A numerical value that characterizes some aspect of a
sample set of data, and that is often meant to estimate the true value
of a corresponding parameter in an underlying population.
• Population – comprise the/an entire group (People, objects, scores,
results, etc.)
Terminologies
• Statistic – A numerical value that characterizes some aspect of a
sample set of data, and that is often meant to estimate the true value
of a corresponding parameter in an underlying population.
• Population – comprise the/an entire group (People, objects, scores,
results, etc.)
• Sample – a part of the population
Terminologies
• Statistic – A numerical value that characterizes some aspect of a
sample set of data, and that is often meant to estimate the true value
of a corresponding parameter in an underlying population.
• Population – comprise the/an entire group (People, objects, scores,
results, etc.)
• Sample – a part of the population
• Variable – characteristic that changes and varies for different objects
or individuals under consideration.
Terminologies
• Statistic – A numerical value that characterizes some aspect of a
sample set of data, and that is often meant to estimate the true value
of a corresponding parameter in an underlying population.
• Population – comprise the/an entire group (People, objects, scores,
results, etc.)
• Sample – a part of the population
• Variable – characteristic that changes and varies for different objects
or individuals under consideration.
• Qualitative Variable – measure if quantity or characteristic of an
object or individual.
Terminologies
• Quantitative Variable – measure a numerical quantity in each
individual or object.
Terminologies
• Quantitative Variable – measure a numerical quantity in each
individual or object.
• Discrete Variable – countable or finite variables
Terminologies
• Quantitative Variable – measure a numerical quantity in each
individual or object.
• Discrete Variable – countable or finite variables.
• Continuous Variable – can assume an infinite values
Levels of Measurement
• Nominal Level – the least precise and informative, names only
“characteristic” or “identity”.
Levels of Measurement
• Nominal Level – the least precise and informative, names only
“characteristic” or “identity”.
• Ordinal Level – reports the ranking and ordering of data without
actually establishing the degree of variation between them.
Levels of Measurement
• Nominal Level – the least precise and informative, names only
“characteristic” or “identity”.
• Ordinal Level – reports the ranking and ordering of data without
actually establishing the degree of variation between them.
• Interval Level – a quantitative measurement scale where there is
order, the difference between the two variables is meaningful and
equal, and the presence of zero is arbitrary.
Levels of Measurement
• Nominal Level – the least precise and informative, names only
“characteristic” or “identity”.
• Ordinal Level – reports the ranking and ordering of data without
actually establishing the degree of variation between them.
• Interval Level – a quantitative measurement scale where there is
order, the difference between the two variables is meaningful and
equal, and the presence of zero is arbitrary.
• Ratio Level – is an extension of the interval level of measurement.
Deals with the data that have natural zero point.
Descriptive Statistics
• Statistics that summarize or describe features of a data set, such as its
central tendency or dispersion.
Inferential Statistics
• Is the practice of using sampled data to draw conclusions or make
predictions about a larger sample or data sample or population.