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Poverty

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5 views15 pages

Poverty

Uploaded by

amitnebo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Poverty

Daksh 69
PYQs

• Discussing the estimation of poverty in India, explain the factors


responsible for poverty. Which programs are being run by the Indian
government to remove poverty? [63 BPSC/2019]
• “Poverty is a matter of deprivation from basic needs of human life.”
Explain it and suggest measures to reduce it. [47 BPSC/2007]
• What do you mean by the concept of poverty? Explain the incidence
of poverty and the various poverty alleviation programs introduced
in India. [44 BPSC/2002]
Topics to cover

• Concept of poverty
• Estimation of poverty
• Incidence of poverty
• Intensity of poverty
• Causes of poverty
• Steps taken
• Way forward
Poverty is the worst form of violence

Poverty is like punishment for a


crime you didn’t commit

Extreme poverty anywhere is a threat


to human security everywhere
Concept of poverty

• State of deprivation
• Economic Survey: Assets, income and consumption of those at the
bottom of distribution
• Amartya Sen: Deprivation of basic capabilities of life rather than
merely low income

Capabilities Choices Opportunities


Defining poverty and its types

• State of deprivation of basic necessities required to lead a dignified


life.

Absolute Deprivation of basic necessities

Poverty
Types
Relative Inequality
Inability to meet the prevalent standard of society
Poverty
estimation

Consumption
Income MPI
expenditure

Basket of How much


Multi-
Earning Spending goods & exp. should
dimensional
services be done
Poverty estimation

2012 – Rangarajan
Committee

2009 – Tendulkar
Committee

1993 – Lakdawala
Committee

1979 – YK Alagh
Committee
Why need MPI

• Poverty traditionally measured in monetary terms – earning or


spending. But it can be non-monetary.
• Earlier, only incidence of poverty was known, not intensity of
poverty.
• Policy making
• Relative poverty
MPI

• UNDP + OPHI
• 3 parameters
• 10 indicators → Deprivation across a range of indicators
• Measure of deprivation beyond money
MPI Index → Recent Data

• Between 2006-20, 41.5 cr people exited poverty in India


Poverty in India

55

16.4

2006 2019-20

• Still, India has most no. of poor people (~ 23 cr)


National MPI
National MPI → Recent Data
• Multidimensional poverty rate:
• 24.85% in 2015-16
• 14.96% in 2019-21
• Bihar, Jharkhand, and Uttar Pradesh have
shown notable progress.
• Bihar had the highest MPI value in 2015-16
but saw the most significant reduction by
2019-21.
• Most substantial improvements:
• Sanitation: 21.8% reduction
• Cooking fuel: 14.6% reduction
Poverty → Reasons
Historical Political Economical
• High unemployment levels
Colonial exploitation → ruin Corruption, Criminalisation
• Lack of credit
of handicrafts, de- Vested interests
• Low skills, unemployability
industrialisation
• Poor agri growth

Societal International Environmental


• Poverty Trap • Global warming & CC →
• Out of pocket expenditure • North-South divide Impacting lives and livelihoods
• Social cleavages like caste • Neo-colonialism → pushing people into poverty
• Patriarchal mindset
• High population
Governance S&T
Geographical • Failure of social contract
• Inefficient service delivery • Digital divide
• Rural-urban divide • Lax rules & regulations
• Decentralisation related
Govt. Schemes

Health Sanitation Cooking fuel Electricity Housing Banking Education


Poshan Abhiyan Swachh Bharat Mission PM Ujjwala Yojana Saubhagya PM Awas Yojana PM Jan Dhan Yojana Samagra Siksha

Anaemia Mukt Bharat Jal Jeevan Mission

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